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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit22 Environmental Protection單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修6 1. bounce vi. 反彈 經(jīng)典例句：The football bounced off the goalpost. 足球擊中球門門柱彈了出去。 考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)派生詞:bouncing adj. 跳躍的, 活潑的 2)bounce vi. 反彈, 蹦蹦跳跳。如: Upon hearing shouts of “Help”, he bounced out of the house. 一聽到有人叫“救命”, 他就沖出屋子。 3)bounce vt. 使彈起。如: The children were bouncing a ball. 孩子們在拍皮球。 4) bounce vt. 經(jīng)通信衛(wèi)星等反射, 轉(zhuǎn)播。如: That TV program was bounced from a satellite in space. 那個(gè)電視節(jié)目是由太空衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播的。 活學(xué)活用：漢譯英 1)股票正在反彈。 ________________________________ 2)就在這時(shí)他弟弟猛然沖進(jìn)房來。 ________________________________ 答案: 1)The stocks are bouncing. 2)Just at the moment his brother bounced into the room. 2. condemn vt. 宣判死刑, 注定毀滅 經(jīng)典例句：The murderer was condemned to death for what he had done. 那個(gè)殺人犯因?yàn)樽约旱乃魉鶠楸慌兴佬獭? His attempt was condemned to failure because he had not got prepared. 他的嘗試注定要失敗, 因?yàn)? 他沒有準(zhǔn)備好。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:condemnable adj. 該罰的, 該受責(zé)備的, condemnation n. 定罪, 譴責(zé) 2)同義詞:sentence vt. 判決 3)反義詞:excuse vt. 原諒, 申辯;praise vt. 贊揚(yáng), 歌頌 4)常見搭配: condemn sb. to death＝ sentence sb. to death判某人以死刑或無期徒刑。如: The judge condemned the drug dealer to death. 法官判這個(gè)毒品交易商死刑。 condemn sb. for sth. 為某事譴責(zé)某人。如: We condemned him for his bad conduct. 我們因?yàn)樗袨椴涣级?zé)備他。 sth. condemn sb. to sth. 某事迫使某人處于不幸的狀態(tài)。如: His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair. 他的殘腿使他離不開輪椅。 condemn sb. 譴責(zé)某人。如: The foreign country’s invader was being condemned by the youths. 輕人正在聲討外國的侵略者。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 1) She had never expected that she would ______to five years. A. was condemned B. have condemned C. be condemned D. been condemned 2) What the boy had done ______ his classmates. A. condemns B. was condemning by C. condemned D. was condemned by 答案:1) C　2) D 3. sacrifice vt. &vi. 犧牲, 獻(xiàn)出 經(jīng)典例句：Li Hulan sacrificed for the people’s freedom and liberation. 劉胡蘭為了人民的自由和解放犧牲了。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)sacrifice n. 犧牲品。如: He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country. 他為國犧牲了。 2)常見搭配:at the sacrifice of 犧牲 sacrifice one’s life to do sth. 做某事奉獻(xiàn)出自己的生命 fall a sacrifice to成為……的犧牲品 make all sacrifices不惜一切犧牲 sacrifice...for為……而犧牲 活學(xué)活用：單句改錯(cuò) 1）He sacrificed his life to saving the drowning child. ________________________________ 2）We know how to work, to fight, and sacrifice. ________________________________ 答案:1) saving→save　2) sacrifice前加to 4. advocate vt. 主張, 提倡 巧記提示：ad-（ 前綴, 表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)，方向，變化”)＋ voc（詞根，“聲音，叫喊”)＋-ate(動(dòng)詞詞綴，表示“使成為”) 經(jīng)典例句：Our premier advocates higher salaries for teachers. 我們的總理主張?zhí)岣呓處煹墓べY。 He advocates reforming the prison system. 他提倡改良監(jiān)獄制度。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:advocation n. (=advocacy) 擁護(hù);advocator n. 擁護(hù)者, 提倡者;advocatory adj. 擁護(hù)者的 2)同義詞:maintain v. 主張 3)派義詞:oppose vt. 反對 4)advocate vt. 主張, 提倡, 后可接動(dòng)名詞。如: He advocates building more schools. 他主張多建幾所學(xué)校。 活學(xué)活用：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Mr. Wang has been advocating______ （listen to)the English news program over the radio. 答案:listening to 5. recycle vt. 回收利用 巧記提示： re-（再)＋cycle（循環(huán)) 經(jīng)典例句：Recycling is a sign that a country has improved his science and technology. 使用再循環(huán)是一個(gè)國家提高科技的標(biāo)志。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1）recycle“使再循環(huán), 反復(fù)使用”, 常作及物動(dòng)詞。如: It is really a pity that our textbooks are only used once but not recycled. 太遺憾了, 我們的課本只用了一次而不能反復(fù)循環(huán)使用。 2）recycle后可接具體的數(shù)字。如: Denmark recycles nearly 85% of its paper. 丹麥的紙張回收率達(dá)85％。 3)recycling“循環(huán)”, 動(dòng)名詞形式，常作定語。如: He borrowed money to set up a recycling plant. 他借錢辦了個(gè)回收加工廠。 4)recycled“被回收利用的”, 過去分詞形式，常作前置定語, 修飾物。如: This envelope is made from recycled paper. 這信封是用再生紙制作的。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 His job is to collect the sorted old paper and then have it______. A. to recycle B. recycle C. recycling D. recycled 答案:D 6. threaten vt. 威脅 巧記提示：threat（威脅)+-en（動(dòng)詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句：The owner threatened to drive us out of the pub if we got drunk. 酒店老板威脅說, 如果我們喝醉了就把我們趕出酒店去。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:threatening adj. 脅迫的, 危險(xiǎn)的;threateningly adv. 脅迫地, 險(xiǎn)惡地 2)threaten指“揚(yáng)言將以傷害或懲罰迫使某人去做(或不做)某事”。如: I was threatened by him with a beating if I didn’t obey. 如果我不服從, 他揚(yáng)言要打我。 3)常見短語: threaten sb. with death用死威脅某人 threaten to do sth. 威脅要做某事 活學(xué)活用：單詞拼寫 His father t______ to beat the boy if he stole again. 答案:threatened 7. seize vt. 依法沒收, 扣押 經(jīng)典例句：If you break the traffic rules, the police have rights to seize your car at once. 如果你違反交通規(guī)則, 警察有權(quán)立即扣押你的車。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:seizer n. 搶奪者, 扣押者;seizable adj. 可捕捉的, 可奪取的 2)同義詞:grasp vt. 抓住, 抓緊 3)反義詞:loosen v. 解開, 放松 4）seize 還可意為“抓住, 捉住”。如: The police seized an escaping convict. 警察抓住了一個(gè)在逃犯。 5)還可意為“抓住時(shí)機(jī)等, 利用”。如: He seized the chance of a trip to Singapore. 他抓住了那次去新加坡旅行的機(jī)會(huì)。 6)還可意為“理解”。如: I can’t quite seize your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。 7)常見短語: seize political power　奪取政權(quán) seize the city　攻占城市 be seized of　占有，擁有 be seized with　被……侵?jǐn)_;突然感覺到 seize on/upon　抓住，占有 seize up　失靈 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 All the drugs ______ by the policemen, though hidden in the bottom of shoes. A. were seized B. seize C. to be seized D. seized 答案:A 8. construct vt. 建造 巧記提示：con-（＝-, 一起)＋struct（堆在一起) 經(jīng)典例句：He is learning how to to construct a bridge. 他正在學(xué)習(xí)怎樣建橋。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:constructive adj. 建設(shè)性的　constructively adv. 建設(shè)性地, constructiveness　n. 組織，構(gòu)造 2)construct 可意為“創(chuàng)立學(xué)說等”。如: He constructed a theory in collaboration with his colleagues. 他與同事合作創(chuàng)立了一種學(xué)說。 3)construct還可意為“(人為地)制造, 編造”。如: We riddled her carefully constructed lie. 我們把她精心編造的謊言問得漏洞百出。 4)常見短語： construct a bridge建橋 construct a sentence造句 5)construct 作名詞，可意為“建設(shè), 建造, 建筑”。 活學(xué)活用：用construct的派生詞填空 1）Hu Jintao described his meeting with Bush as “pragmatic （注重實(shí)效的)and c______”. 2）Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi on Monday called on Japan to make c______ efforts on economics. 答案:1）constructive　2）constructive 9. adopt vt. 采用 巧記提示： ad-（前綴, “朝向”)＋opt（詞根，“選擇”) 經(jīng)典例句：The government adopted the idea that the household property should be protected. 政府采用了家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)應(yīng)受保護(hù)的觀點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1) 派生詞:adoptable adj. 可采用的, 可收養(yǎng)的, adoptability n. 采納性, adoption n. 采用, 收養(yǎng), adopter n. 養(yǎng)父母 2)反義詞:reject vt. 拒絕, 抵制 3）adopt后常接report, way, method, idea等作賓語。如: Thinking it over, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 總經(jīng)理再三考慮之后, 決定采納她的建議。 4) adopt作動(dòng)詞，可意為“收養(yǎng)”。如: The government encourages childless couples to adopt homeless children. 政府鼓勵(lì)無子女夫婦領(lǐng)養(yǎng)無家可歸的孩子。 5) adopted adj. 被采用的, 被收養(yǎng)的, 常作定語。如: Danny is their adopted son. 丹尼是他們的養(yǎng)子。 6)adopt...as...表示“過繼, 收養(yǎng), 挑選……為候選人”。如: Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。 活學(xué)活用：翻譯句子 They adopt new techniques in raising sheep. ________________________________ 答案:他們采用新的養(yǎng)羊技術(shù)。 10. considerate adj. 考慮周到的, 體貼的 經(jīng)典例句：As classmates, we ought to be considerate to each other. 作為同學(xué), 我們應(yīng)該互相為對方想一想。 Mrs. Cheng is considerate of everyone of us so we all enjoy listening to her lessons. 程老師對我們每一個(gè)人都很體貼, 因此我們都喜歡聽她的課。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:consideration n. 體諒, 考慮;considerately adv. 體貼地, 體諒地, considered adj. 考慮過的, 被尊重的 2)同義詞:sympathetic adj. 有同情心的;thoughtful adj. 體貼的，關(guān)切的 3)反義詞:inconsiderate adj. 不顧及別人的, 輕率的 4)considerate常作表語, 和of/to/toward連用。如: If you learn to be considerate to others, you will gain respect. 如果你學(xué)會(huì)為別人著想, 你將會(huì)贏得尊敬。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 That young man has been criticized for not being ______his old parents. A. considering B. considered C. considerate toward D. consider 答案:C 11. allocate vt. 分配, 配給 巧記提示：allo-(詞綴，表示“變化的，不同的，分配)+c＋-ate（動(dòng)詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句： The ine was allocated according to what one had done. 按照一個(gè)人做的事情分配收入。 One cellphone is allocated to everyone who will be sent to the area. 被派往那個(gè)地區(qū)的每一個(gè)人配給一部手機(jī)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:allocatee n. 受分配者;allocation n. 分配, 安置 2)同義詞:distribute vt. 分發(fā), 分配 3)allocate vt. 分配, 配給, 常與to連用。如: The manager allocated duties to the clerks. 經(jīng)理為店員分配了工作。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 Every pupil has been ______a yellow cap to wear when they are crossing the street. A. allocated B. allocating C. in allocation D. to allocate 答案:A 12. fragile　adj. 易損壞的 經(jīng)典例句：The thin glass is fragile. 薄玻璃容易碎。 The fragile boxes were finally delivered to the faraway village. 這些易碎的箱子最后終于運(yùn)到了那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村子。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:fragility n. 脆弱, 虛弱;fragment n. 碎片, 斷片 2)反義詞:strong adj. 堅(jiān)固的 3)fragile還可意為“脆弱的, 虛弱的”。如: The old lady looks very fragile. 那位老婦人看上去十分虛弱。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 I’m feeling rather______ after all that last night. A. fragility B. fragile C. fragilely D. of fragment 答案:B 13. sharpen vt. 削尖 巧記提示：sharp（鋒利的)＋-en（動(dòng)詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句：Please sharpen this pencil and get prepared for the exam. 請削尖鉛筆, 準(zhǔn)備考試。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:sharpener n. 削刀, 磨床;sharpish adj. &adv. 相當(dāng)銳利的(地) 2)sharpen vt. 削尖, 磨快 He neatly sharpened pencils. 他利索地將鉛筆一支支削尖。 3) sharpen vt. 加重, 加劇 Cold weather sharpens the pain in my knee. 寒冷使我膝蓋的疼痛加劇。 4)sharpen vi. 變尖, 變鋒利 Her voice sharpened as she became impatient. 她變得不耐煩了, 聲音也變尖了。 5)常見短語: sharpen up使……更敏銳, 打扮 sharpen one’s knife for sb. 準(zhǔn)備懲罰\[攻擊\]某人 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 Don’t ______ your stick too much or it will hurt your fingers. A. be sharpen B. sharpen C. be sharp D. use 答案:B 14. calculate vt. 計(jì)算, 算出 經(jīng)典例句：Our price has already been closely calculated. There is no room for reduction. 我們的價(jià)格是經(jīng)過精密計(jì)算的, 無讓步余地。 Have you calculated the result? 你算出結(jié)果了嗎? 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:calculated adj. 計(jì)算出的, 有計(jì)劃的;calculatedly adv. 故意地;calculation n. 計(jì)算, 考慮 2)同義詞:figure vt. 演算 3)calculate vt. 估計(jì);推算。如: I calculate that Aunt Lena will arrive at 8:00 p. m. 我估計(jì)麗娜阿姨將于下午八點(diǎn)到達(dá)。 4)calculate vt. 計(jì)劃, 安排, 打算。如: The room is not calculated for such use. 這房間不是打算做這種用途的。 活學(xué)活用：漢譯英 請?jiān)谌熘畠?nèi)計(jì)算出上次旅游的費(fèi)用。 ________________________________ 答案:Please calculate the cost of the last journey in three days.