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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookIII Unit4教學(xué)案 人教大綱版 理解：要點(diǎn)詮釋 單詞 1.appoint 講： vt.挑選某人做某工作，委任；約定 結(jié)構(gòu):appoint sb.任命某人 appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人擔(dān)任 appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事 例:The president appointed a new director. 總經(jīng)理任命了一位新主任。 We appointed him(as.to be)chairman. 我們選他擔(dān)任主席。 The teacher appointed me to call the roll. 老師指派我點(diǎn)名。 The time appointed for the meeting was 10:30. 規(guī)定的開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)間是10點(diǎn)30分。 鏈接提示 appointed adj. 指定的，約定的 at the appointed time在約定的時(shí)間； appointment n. 約定，約會(huì) make an appointment with sb. to do sth. 和某人約定做某事; disappoint vt.使……失望; disappointment n.失望 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的事 練:An American may feel angry when he has made a(an)_______with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time. A.decision B.conclusion C.appointment D.date 提示:本句話(huà)的意思為“美國(guó)人在和別人已經(jīng)約定好的時(shí)候又發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)還有其他事情會(huì)很生氣”，根據(jù)短語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)境得出答案。 答案:C 2.nowhere 講： adv. 無(wú)處(相當(dāng)于not anywhere) 例:—Where are you going at the weekend? 周末你打算去哪兒？ —Nowhere special. 無(wú)處可去。 He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him. 他在姐姐的幫助之下作業(yè)才有些進(jìn)步。 $20 goes nowhere when you are feeding a family these days. 如今要養(yǎng)家的話(huà)，二十美元到不了哪兒去。 The children were nowhere to be seen. 孩子們都沒(méi)有影了。 鏈接提示 當(dāng)位于句首時(shí)，要使用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式否定副詞還有not,never,little,seldom,hardly等。 練:（xx遼寧模擬） Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _______such a beautiful palace. A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find 提示:本題考查倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。從時(shí)間分析，此處應(yīng)該表示現(xiàn)在的情況。因?yàn)閚owhere為否定副詞，位于句首時(shí)應(yīng)該使用主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案:A 3.promote 講： v.提升；晉級(jí)；促進(jìn)；助長(zhǎng)。在表示“提升；晉級(jí)”時(shí)，常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例:She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作努力，很快便獲得提升。 His assistant was promoted over his head. 他的助手獲得了提升，職位超過(guò)了他。 The football team was promoted to the first division. 該足球隊(duì)已晉級(jí)為甲級(jí)隊(duì)。 The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 該組織旨在促進(jìn)各國(guó)之間的友誼。 The pany is trying to promote a new product. 這家公司在盡力促銷(xiāo)一樣新產(chǎn)品。 鏈接提示 以下動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)也表示“提升”。raise vt.;bring up vt.;go up vi.。在使用時(shí)，一定要分清詞性，命題常從語(yǔ)態(tài)入手。 練:The instructor was________ to professor. A.raising B.promoting C.promoted D.risen 提示:此處表示“由講師提升為教授”，故使用promote的被動(dòng)形式。 答案:C 4.reward 講：n.& v.報(bào)答；報(bào)償；報(bào)酬；酬金；給某人以報(bào)酬、獎(jiǎng)賞。用于reward sb.for(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 例:He worked hard without any hope of reward. 他辛勤工作絲毫不期待報(bào)酬。 He was given a medal as a reward for his service. 他因?yàn)橛泄Χ@頒一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆? Is that how you reward me for my help? 那就是你為了我的幫忙而給我的報(bào)酬嗎？ Rather than being punished,he should be rewarded. 他應(yīng)受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而不是受懲罰。 The Nobel Peace Prize for xx was rewarded to Shirin Ebadi,because she made a special contribution to fighting for the basic human rights. Shirin Ebadi女士由于為爭(zhēng)取基本人權(quán)作出的努力而被授予xx年度諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。 鏈接提示 比較:award v. 頒發(fā)；授予；賞給。用法為:award sth. to sb./award sb. sth.。n.獎(jiǎng)金 練:—So why do we_______ the people who do them so poorly? —There can be only one answer－because they are women,and the work is so hard. A.punish B.blame C.reward D.claim 提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。從后面一句話(huà)所提供的語(yǔ)境分析，此處用動(dòng)詞reward，表示“獎(jiǎng)賞”。 答案:C 短語(yǔ) 1.pass away 講：該短語(yǔ)主要是委婉地表示一個(gè)人離開(kāi)去世 例:His mother passed away last year. 他母親去年去世了。 He passed away peacefully this morning. 今天上午他安詳?shù)剡^(guò)世了。 鏈接提示 (1)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)一樣，表達(dá)死亡根據(jù)不同的情況有不同的用詞。普通用詞為die，pass away為委婉的說(shuō)法。murder為“暗殺”，kill為“殺死”，hang為“絞死”。 (2)pass down 把……傳給后代;pass on 將某物傳交給某人，繼續(xù)前進(jìn);pass by從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò);pass off消失;pass through穿過(guò) 練:The custom has been ________from generation to generation. A.passed away B.passed down C.passed by D.passed off 提示:根據(jù)句子意思分析，此處用pass down，表示“該風(fēng)俗一代代地傳下去”。其他短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)境不相吻合。 答案:B 2.name...after... 講：給……取名；以……來(lái)命名…… 該短語(yǔ)中的介詞after表示“依據(jù)，按照”，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中可以用for。 例:He named his daughter after/for his grandmother. 他以祖母的名字來(lái)給他女兒取名。 The island was named after its discoverer,Tasman. 這個(gè)島是以它的發(fā)現(xiàn)者塔斯曼的名字來(lái)命名的。 鏈接提示 和name相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有:by name名義上，名叫；by the name of...以……之名；in name only僅在名義上；in the name of以……的名義。 練:Washington,a state in the United States,was named __________one of the greatest American presidents,_________him. A.after;in honour of B.for;in favor of C.after;in praise of D.for;in place of 提示:根據(jù)句意和短語(yǔ)搭配作出選擇。“華盛頓市是為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)的一個(gè)總統(tǒng)而以他的名字來(lái)命名的?！眓ame after 根據(jù)……來(lái)命名，in honor of 紀(jì)念。 答案:A 句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 講:It was the British government that paid for all the equipment. 所有設(shè)備都由英國(guó)政府付款。 It was Joseph Banks who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research. 是約瑟夫班克斯把英國(guó)皇家植物園變成了科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心。 It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory. 達(dá)爾文乘“小獵犬號(hào)”去加拉帕戈斯群島的活動(dòng)使他獲得了創(chuàng)建新理論的鑰匙。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其余部分。注意:(1)該句型可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)以外的各種成分。(2)如果原句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，就用is；如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，就用was。(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，可用that或who，其他一律用that。(4)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是原句的主語(yǔ)，that/who之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與原主語(yǔ)一致。 例:It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you e from or what you are. 重要的是做這項(xiàng)工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自哪里，是干什么的。 It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. 正是由于這種原因，她叔叔搬出了紐約，在一個(gè)小村里定居。 Was it in the morning that they arrived there? 他們是在今天早晨到那兒的嗎？ What is it that you want me to say? 你想讓我說(shuō)的到底是什么？ 鏈接提示 特別要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可在不增加任何成分的前提下還原成陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)，而定語(yǔ)從句不可。在沒(méi)有把握時(shí)可以進(jìn)行句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，來(lái)確定是什么句型，據(jù)此選用正確的引導(dǎo)詞。 練:(1)（xx成都診斷檢測(cè)） Whether you believe it or not,it is______ that causes your illness. A.because of your overweight B.your being overweight C.because you are overweight D.you are so overweight 提示:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)的用法。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的謂語(yǔ)為causes，所以使用v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。 答案:B (2)(xx華南師大附中綜合測(cè)試) It was with great joy_______ he received the news_______ his lost daughter had been found. A.because;that B.since;which C.for;about D.that;that 提示:本題考查名詞性從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別用法。第一個(gè)that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第二個(gè) that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明news的具體內(nèi)容。 答案:D 2.although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 講:請(qǐng)觀察下面教材原句: Although his experiments were designed to support the ideas concerning the influence of environment upon plants,he found that many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next,without influence by the environment. 雖然他的試驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖菫榱蓑?yàn)證環(huán)境對(duì)植物的影響，但是他卻發(fā)現(xiàn)許多特性是代代相傳的，并不受環(huán)境的影響。 although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“雖然”。although引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but,however連用，但可以與yet,still連用。 例:Although it was snowing,it was not very cold. 盡管下著雪，但并不冷。 I was late for the last train although I hurried. 雖然我拼命趕路，還是沒(méi)搭上最后一班火車(chē)。 鏈接提示 注意比較although和though的區(qū)別:though,although均引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然……”，although較正式，though較常用。though還可以與別的詞結(jié)合使用，如even though，as though,而although則不能這樣搭配。though可以用作副詞位于句尾，作“但是、不過(guò)”解，還可以用在倒裝句中,although不可。 練: _______I prefer a color TV,I have decided to buy a black and white one this time. A.When B.Although C.Because D.If 提示:本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞用法。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)該表示讓步，“盡管……還是……”，所以使用although。 答案:B 辨析 1.look out for,look out 兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可以表示“當(dāng)心”，look out表達(dá)此意思時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而look out for后面必須跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。 look out往外看；當(dāng)心；挑選 He stood at the window and looked out(at the view). 他站在窗前向外望(觀看景色)。 Look out! 當(dāng)心！ He looked out some books for a friend in hospital. 他為住院的朋友選一些書(shū)。 look out for 當(dāng)心；留意 Look out for cars when crossing the street. 過(guò)街時(shí)當(dāng)心車(chē)輛。 即時(shí)練習(xí): _______your step,or you might fall into the water. A.Look out B.Take care C.Mind D.Notice 提示:此句為“腳下留意”的意思。look out,take care后不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。 答案:C 2.expense,cost expense n. “花費(fèi)；代價(jià)；費(fèi)用”，表示“花費(fèi)的錢(qián)”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。短語(yǔ)at sb.’s expense由某人付錢(qián)；at great/little/no expense 花費(fèi)很大／很小／沒(méi)有花費(fèi)；at the expense of在損失……的情況下。expensive adj.昂貴的 cost n. “價(jià)錢(qián)；價(jià)格；費(fèi)用”，這時(shí)和expense通?？梢該Q用，cost還可以表示“代價(jià)、損失”。短語(yǔ)at the cost of=at the expense of；at cost的意思為“按成本價(jià)格”；at all costs不惜一切代價(jià)。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)Most children in Britain are educated at the public _______. (2)I want the best you can supply;you need spare no _______. (3)He finished the job at the_______ of his health. (4)He had his book printed at his own _______. (5)House repairs,holidays and other_______ reduced her bank balance to almost nothing. (6)The goods are sold at _______. (7)We must at all_______ prevent them finding out about the plan. 答案:(1)expense (2)expense (3)cost/expense (4)expense (5)expenses (6)cost (7)costs 誘思：實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥 【例1】(xx福建模擬) The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______. A.turn out Be out C.start out D.go out 提示:turn out(to be) 結(jié)果是……，證明為……；e out 出版，發(fā)行；start out 出發(fā)；go out 出去。根據(jù)句意“詞典將出版”，可知e out正確。 答案:B 講評(píng):注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意思要和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)。