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人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island The Third Period(Section A, Grammar Focus – Section B 1d)教案

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1、 Unit 8: Have you read Treasure Island yet? The Third Period(Section A, Grammar Focus – Section B 1d) Teaching aims(教學(xué)目標(biāo)) 1.掌握“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的用法及其需要注意的要點(diǎn); 2. 能夠結(jié)合“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”來(lái)運(yùn)用本節(jié)課出現(xiàn)的新詞匯和知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 Key points (重點(diǎn)): 1. 要求掌握以下句式: Have you read Little Women yet? Has she read Treasure Isla

2、nd yet? She has already read more than 100 different books. 2.要求掌握以下詞匯: (1)名詞:fiction, technology, French, pop, rock, band (2)詞組:science fiction (本節(jié)課的生詞較少,而且單詞的拼寫(xiě)比較簡(jiǎn)單,所以學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)不會(huì)感到困難,如果班級(jí)學(xué)生的水平較高,可以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生當(dāng)堂掌握。) Difficulties(難點(diǎn)):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的掌握 Teaching steps(教學(xué)步驟) 1. Review(復(fù)習(xí))

3、 T: Let’s review some of the language we learned yesterday. 1. 到達(dá)這個(gè)島上 arrive on the island 2. 帶回來(lái) bring back 3. 放棄 give up 4. 種水果和蔬菜 grow fruit and vegetables 5. 一艘破的船 a br

4、oken ship 6. 在那后不久 not long after that 7. 一些食人肉者 some cannibals 8. 給某人取名 name sb. 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: (溫故而知新,詞塊翻譯,務(wù)實(shí)且難度不大,關(guān)注學(xué)生對(duì)已學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握程度) 2. Presentation(呈現(xiàn)新知識(shí)) T: Good job, everyone. Now, let’s fill in the blanks to complete the senten

5、ces. (把Grammar Focus的句子挖空來(lái)復(fù)習(xí),可以選擇些基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生來(lái)做這些題。然后從這些句子中總結(jié)“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法) 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 這些句子都是上節(jié)課所學(xué)過(guò)的,既是復(fù)習(xí),又為下一步“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法呈現(xiàn)做好鋪墊;讓基礎(chǔ)稍差的學(xué)生來(lái)做這些題,也是兼顧他們的一種方式,檢查他們的掌握程度。 3. Grammar (語(yǔ)法總結(jié)) T: Who can tell me about the present perfect tense? How is it used? From the sentences you have just completed,

6、can you tell me how the present perfect tense is formed and when it is used? (給學(xué)生2-3分鐘的思考總結(jié)時(shí)間,然后讓學(xué)生先說(shuō)說(shuō)自己的總結(jié)和發(fā)現(xiàn),再給出完整的總結(jié)) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成: (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 “have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成; 肯定形式:have/has + done   否定形式:have/has + not +done   一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has放于句首 (2)助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍,它和主語(yǔ) 的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一

7、致; (3)過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,說(shuō)明句子的意義。 2. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律: A. 原形與過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全相同 cost – cost – cost B. 過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全相同 bright – brought – brought think – thought – thought C. 原型與過(guò)去分詞相同 come – came – come D. 原形, 過(guò)去式和 過(guò)去分詞完全不同 begin – began – begun E. 沒(méi)有過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞 can – could 3. 現(xiàn)在

8、完成時(shí)的用法:   現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目 前產(chǎn)生的影響,即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行 為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。   We are good friends. (現(xiàn)在的情況)   I knew him in 1997.(過(guò)去的動(dòng)作)   We have known each other since 1997. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在) (1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果,常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。 如:   - Have you had lunch y

9、et?   - Yes, I have. I‘ve just had it.   你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎? 我剛剛吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了) (后附練習(xí),講解單詞 hear的用法) (2)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。  如:He has taught here since 1981。 他自1981年,就在這兒教書(shū)。(可能還要 繼續(xù)教) I havent seen her for four years. 我有

10、四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。 (3)表示說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”,常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如:我去過(guò)北京兩次。 I have been to Beijing twice. (后附練習(xí)) 4. “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”用法需要注意的地方: (1) have been (to)與have gone ( to)的區(qū)別: A. have been (to) 表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”,可用于各人稱(chēng); B. have gone (to) 表示“去某地

11、了(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?,常用于第三人稱(chēng); C. 前者可與once, never, several times等連用,后 者則不能。 如:他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。 They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Beijing.  他去北京了。 (后附練習(xí)) (2)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用 for+一段時(shí)間, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如: 我從小就一直住在這里。 I have lived he

12、re since my childhood. 我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。 I have lived here for 10 years. (3)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long How long have you lived here?    注意:在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí),根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同,時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。 如:    去年夏天我在這里住了一周。 I lived here for a week last summer.    到現(xiàn)在為止,我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。 I

13、 have lived here for a week by now.    明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。 I will live here for a week next year. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別: (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。 我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦,是上個(gè)月去的。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的

14、,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響;過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 (3)過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week,…ago, in 1980, in October, just now    共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for, sinc

15、e, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如:live, teach, learn, work, study, know.  過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有:come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 7. 句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)

16、去時(shí)。 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (錯(cuò))    Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (對(duì)) (后附練習(xí),同時(shí)以超鏈接的方式講解練習(xí)里面的知識(shí)點(diǎn):fiction, technology, French, can’t wait to do sth.) 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 先讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié),老師再補(bǔ)充,給學(xué)生思考的時(shí)間,而不是單純的知識(shí)灌輸;語(yǔ)法的呈現(xiàn),邊呈現(xiàn)邊講解,附帶句子的對(duì)比及翻譯,還有趁熱打鐵的練習(xí)題,有講有練,有助于學(xué)生理解內(nèi)化這一要點(diǎn);以超鏈接的方式

17、講解知識(shí)點(diǎn),碰到知識(shí)點(diǎn)就講解,及時(shí)處理,學(xué)生易于理解接受。 4. Work on 4b T: Now, let’s turn to page 60 and look at Activity 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. 5. Before listening L:Look at the screen. Do you know those guys? Ss: One Direction! L: Yes! Do you like them? Are they you

18、r favorite singers? Ss: … (EXO的圖片) T: It seems that you like those singers and dancers very much. Who is your favorite singer or musician? Ss: … T: Listening to music is a good way to relax, right? So what kind of music do you know and like? Ss: … Pop music 流行音樂(lè) Rock and roll 搖滾樂(lè) Clas

19、sical music 古典音樂(lè) Light music 輕音樂(lè) Blues 藍(lán)調(diào)音樂(lè) Folk music 民族音樂(lè) Jazz 爵士 Hip hop (R&B) 說(shuō)唱 (節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)) Country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè) (展示音樂(lè)種類(lèi)) 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:聽(tīng)力前的詞匯輸入與知識(shí)輸入對(duì)接下來(lái)的聽(tīng)力很有必要;音樂(lè)種類(lèi)的適當(dāng)拓展能夠增強(qiáng)課堂趣味性,吸引學(xué)生注意力。 6. Listening T: Now let’s turn to page 61. Look at 1b and listen to a conversation between Alex and

20、Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion. (聽(tīng)完集體核對(duì)答案) T: Look at 1c. Listen again and take notes. Write in the following chart. Band name Country Number of people in the band Kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Dave: (聽(tīng)完核對(duì)答案,可叫學(xué)生

21、逐個(gè)回答) 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 聽(tīng)力設(shè)計(jì)是由易到難,先聽(tīng)主干,再處理細(xì)節(jié)。 7. After listening T: We have listened to the conversation twice. Now let’s retell the conversation. Refer to the notes in your chart or try to recall what you heard. Alex and Dave _____ like to listen to the band_________. It’s a ______ band from Californi

22、a, in _______________. There are _____ people in the band and they are all _________ boys. They have already made _____ CDs. They are playing _____ music, but it sounds like more like ______. Alex likes their music because it’s loud and _________ energy. When he listens to it, he feels ________. Dav

23、e likes their music because it will ____________ and make him happy for ____________ the day! (學(xué)生一起做) T: Now turn to page 106. Read the tapescript. (先集體朗讀或者個(gè)人以最快的速度朗讀聽(tīng)力原文,然后挑出對(duì)話(huà)中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解,邊學(xué)邊講) (1) called: named (2) hear of: 聽(tīng)說(shuō) (3) start doing sth. (4) in America: in the United States (5) teena

24、ge: adj. 青少年的 (6) full of energy: filled with energy (7) wake sb. up 叫醒某人 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料的學(xué)習(xí),復(fù)述對(duì)學(xué)生能力有一定的要求,可以很好檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生是否在課堂上達(dá)到本個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。同時(shí)深度挖掘聽(tīng)力材料,而不是聽(tīng)完就算了。 8. Report T: I know some of you like reading, some of you like listening to music, and some of you like watching movies. So which book,

25、 song or movie do you think is the best one? T: Have a conversation with your partner and take notes in the chart. Then make a report. You Your friend Comments Books I have already read Movies I have already seen Songs I have already heard Sample: I like reading a l

26、ot. I’ve already read Kite Runner and The Time Traveler’s Wife. I think the stories are very exciting. I can’t stop reading because I want to know what happens next. The movies I’ve already seen are Big Fish and The Lord of the Rings. Big Fish is about a father’s love and it’s really moving. The Lor

27、d of the Rings makes me feel like I can get through any problem in life. I’ve also already heard 《突然的自我》. It is about the ups and downs in life. I really like the melody. As for my friend, she … . 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)先運(yùn)用所學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà),然后做report,是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用輸出,能鍛煉體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言掌握和運(yùn)用能力。 8. Summary (1) The Present Perfect Tense a. 什么是“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)”? b. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律。 c. “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)”的用法。 d. 使用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”需要注意的地方。 e. “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”與“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的區(qū)別。 (2) 學(xué)會(huì)使用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”描述身邊的人或事。 9. Homework (1) Review the Present Perfect Tense (2) Write your report.

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