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2019-2020年高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit16 Scientists at work教案 人教大綱版 ⊕考綱要求： ◆ 考綱規(guī)定的考試范圍: 重點單詞與短語experiment; glove; gas; liquid; advantage; disadvantage; application; engine; nuclear; fort; unnecessary; successful; conduct; lightning; thunderstorm; string; charge; electric; shock; prove; tear; frame; handkerchief; control; sharp; foot; fasten; sense; shampoo; skin; drug; activist; doubt; cruel; view; conclusion；a number of; a great number of; pick out; test on; bring out; try on; e up with; take care; dream of doing; build up; concentrate on; belong to; set free; end up 句型 Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of the cross and you will have a nice strong kite. 祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu) The string was getting charged. get +過去分詞 語法：合成詞的合成規(guī)律 ◆ 復(fù)習(xí)本章要達到的目標 1. 掌握experiment; advantage; fort; unnecessary; successful; conduct; charge; electric; shock; prove; tear; control; sharp; fasten; sense; doubt; cruel; view; conclusion；a number of; a great number of; pick out; test on; bring out; try on; e up with; take care; dream of doing; build up; concentrate on; belong to; set free; end up 等重點單詞及短語的用法。 2. 掌握cut 構(gòu)成的動詞短語的用法；熟練掌握be to do sth.這一句型結(jié)構(gòu)的各種用法；掌握一定的構(gòu)詞知識；能閱讀通俗的文學(xué)作品和科普文章。 ⊕教材知識歸納 ◆知識歸納 1. It brings people more fort. fort 的用法： 派生詞：fortable adj. 舒服的 知識梳理： (1)表示“舒適；安慰”時為抽象名詞 His kindness gave her much/great fort. 他對她和藹可親使她頗感安慰。 He lives in great fort. 他生活極為舒適。 (2)表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”時為可數(shù)名詞。 My husband was a great fort to me when I was ill. 在我生病時，我的丈夫是我極大的安慰。 (3) 安慰,慰問 They tried to fort her, but what could they say? 他們想要安慰她,但能說什么呢? 2. In the eighteenth century, BENJIAMIN Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is. (1)conduct的用法： 派生詞： ① conduction n. 傳導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)電；輸送，傳播，引流 ② conductor n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，經(jīng)理，樂隊指揮，(電車或公共汽車) 售票員，列車員 知識梳理: ①引導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng) He conducted the members of the audience to their seats. 他引觀眾到他們的座位上 ② 指揮(軍隊,樂隊等) Mr. Green will conduct the orchestra. 格林先生將指揮這支管弦樂隊。 ③傳導(dǎo)(熱,電等) Most metals conduct electricity. 大多數(shù)金屬能導(dǎo)電。 ④表現(xiàn) conduct oneself well/badly He conducted himself well at yesterday’s party. 在昨天的會議上他表現(xiàn)很好 (2)what electricity is 一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。表示格言或警句中。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部 Pride goes before a fall.　 驕者必敗。 　 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 哥倫布證明地球是圓形的。 3. Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment. “Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,”是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中，表示這個動作在謂語所表示的動作之前完成。 Having succeeded in the last examination, she was more confident of another success in the ing one. 在上一次考試中取得成功之后，他更加確信在即將到來的考試中獲取成功。 Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. 找到了原因之后，他們提出了一個補救措施。 Having finished his homework, the boy went to play puter game. 完成作業(yè)后，那個男孩去玩電腦游戲了。 Not having made adequate preparations, they thought it better to postpone the meeting till next week. 由于沒有做充足的準備，他們認為最好把會議推遲到下周。 attract的用法: 派生詞： (1) attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物 (2) attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的 (3) attractively adv. 動人地，迷人地 (4) attracting adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的 (5) attracted adj. 被吸引的，被迷住的 The girl is attracting/attractive and do you feel attracted ? 那個女孩很有魅力，你感覺被她吸引了嗎？ 相關(guān)歸納： attract sbs attention 引起…注意 What he wore attracted people’s attention. 他穿的衣服引起了人們的注意。 4. The string was getting charged. charge 的用法 知識梳理: (1)充電 Does your car battery charge easily? 你的車電池充電容易嗎? (2)索價 How much do you charge for your old car? 你的舊車要價多少? As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery. 　　只要你欲付款，我們就不收你送貨費。 (3)控訴 John was charged with murder. 約翰被控犯謀殺罪。 相關(guān)歸納： (1) charge sb. some money for 為……向某人索?。杖《嗌馘X They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano. 搬運這架鋼琴最少要花費600美圓。 (2) charge sb with sth =accuse sb of sth控告某人犯了某罪 The police charged the driver with careless driving. 　　警察指控那個司機開車粗心。 She charged me with neglecting my duty. 　　她指控我玩忽職守。 (3) at ones own charge(s) / expenses 自費，用自己的錢 The trip is at their own charge. 這次旅游由他們自費。 (4) put…down to sbs charge 把……記在某人賬上 You can put the books you choose down to my charge. 你可以把你選擇的書的費用記在我的賬上。 (5) free of charge =free =for nothing 免費 All goods are delivered free of charge. 　　所有的物品免費送貨。 (6) in charge （of sb./sth.） =in sb.’s charge =under the charge of…　負責(zé)，經(jīng)管，照顧 This ward is in the charge of Dr. Smith. 　　這間病房是由史密斯大夫負責(zé)的。 He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 　　經(jīng)理不在時，他負責(zé)這個商店。 (7) in the charge of sb 由某人負責(zé)，由某人照料／管理 The pany is at the charge of Tom. 這家公司由湯姆負責(zé)。 (8) take charge (of) 負責(zé)，照料，保管等；掌管，接辦 The department was badly organized until she took charge （of it）. 　　這個部門在她負責(zé)以前組織工作做得很差。 5. The experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same. prove的用法： 派生詞： proof n. 證據(jù) provable　　 adj. 可證明的，可證實的 知識梳理： （1）vt. 證明，證實 prove sth. to sb. ; prove to sb. that 從句 I shall prove to you that the witness is not speaking the truth. 　　我將向你證明，證人說的話不是真話。 The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murderer. Ill prove to the world that he was right. 我將向世人證明他是對的。 The lawyer proved the innocence of his client. 律師證實了他的當事人的清白。 （2）證明是，結(jié)果是（該意義是系動詞后必須接to be+名詞或形容詞to be 可以省略） The task proved （to be） more difficult than we’d thought. 　這項任務(wù)原來比我們預(yù)想的難得多。 The rumor proved true. 這謠傳結(jié)果是真的。 He proved a petent manager. 他證明是一個能干的經(jīng)理。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意見證明是錯的。 6. You can control the kite. control的用法 派生詞： controlled adj. 受約束的．克制的 controller n. 管理員，控制器 相關(guān)歸納： (1) under control 受控制 The fire has been in control. 大火已經(jīng)得到了控制。 (2) out of control 失控，不能操縱 The plane got out of control and crashed into the sea. 飛機失控,墜入大海。 (3) lose control (of) 失去(對……的)控制 You shouldnt have lost control of your temper on such an occasion. 你不應(yīng)該在這種場合發(fā)脾氣。 7. Are we allowed to use animals for such experiment? allow 的用法 　相關(guān)歸納： allow + n./pron./ doing sth. We don’t allow smoking in the theater. 劇院不許吸煙?！　　　? allow sb. to do sth.　be allowed to do sth. Our teacher don’t allow us to make noise. 老師不允許我們弄出聲音。 　No student is allowed to leave his homework undone. 哪一個學(xué)生也不允許不做作業(yè)。 注意：permit 與allow的區(qū)別： （1）兩者均可表示“允許”，其區(qū)別是：permit 通常指上級、規(guī)則或法令等表示的準許，其語氣較重；而 allow 通常指消極地不加反對，有時含有聽任或默許之意，語氣較輕。 Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都沒明文規(guī)定可以做，但一切做了也無妨。 The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 護士讓他留在那兒，而按規(guī)定那是不許可的。 2. 從用法上看，兩者后接動詞作賓語時，均要用動名詞形式，而不能用不定式。 We don’t allow /permit swimming in the pool. 我們不許在池子里游泳。 但是若其后接有名詞或代詞，那么其后須接不定式。如： We don’t allow /permit children to swim in the pool. 我們不許孩子們在池子里游泳。 8. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel. doubt 的用法 派生詞： (1) doubtful adj. 懷疑的，疑心的；不能確定的，可疑的 (2) doubtfully adv. 懷疑地，含糊地 (3) doubtless adj. 無疑的，確定的 相關(guān)歸納： (1) beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入語)毫無疑問 She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day. 　　她無疑是她那個時代最優(yōu)秀的芭蕾舞演員。 (2) cast / throw doubt on... 對…產(chǎn)生懷疑，使人對…產(chǎn)生懷疑 The new problem cast doubt on the theory. 新的問題使人們對這個理論產(chǎn)生了懷疑。 (3) hang in doubt=be in the air 懸而未決, 還不能確定 Their acceptance of the contract still hang in doubt. 　　他們是否接受那合同還說不準。 (4) in doubt 感到懷疑，拿不準；被懷疑，懸而未決 Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt. 　　他們是否接受那合同還說不準。 (5) there is no doubt that從句無疑地，很可能 There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with. 　　毫無置疑他很難對付。 (6) without (a) doubt 毫無疑問地，確實地 He is without doubt the cleverest student I’ve taught. (7) no doubt 無疑地 No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 　　他確實是想幫忙，然而事實上他只是幫倒忙?！　∷_實是我所教過的學(xué)生中最聰明的。 注意：doubt在疑問句和否定句中后接that 引導(dǎo)的從句；在肯定句中如果后接賓語從句可用whether/if 引導(dǎo)，如果后接表語、同位語從句時只用that引導(dǎo)從句。 There is no doubt that he will pass the exam. 毫無疑問他會通過考試的。 Do you doubt that he will e on time? 你確信他會準時來嗎？ 9.Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite. 把手帕四角與龍骨端頭綁牢，就可以成為很好的結(jié)實的風(fēng)箏了。 .祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu) 在這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用and, then表示遞進關(guān)系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“否則”的意思。祈使句表示條件可以轉(zhuǎn)換為條件狀語從句，陳述句表示結(jié)果，有時候祈使句中的動詞可省略。 Work harder, and youll find it not difficult to learn. 再用功一點，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它不難寫。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快一點，否則你會遲到。 More effort, and you can finish it in time. 再加把勁，你會按時完成它。 10. get +過去分詞　　 （1）具有被動意義，多用來表示主語遭受某種損失、傷害，或者不能提供具體的動作發(fā)出者?！　? 　The boy got lost in the forest. 小男孩在森林中迷路了。 　I got caught in the traffic jam yesterday. 　　我昨天堵車了。 　Her son got killed in the war. 　　她的兒子在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡了。 　 My bike got stolen the other day. 　　我的自行車幾天前被頭偷了。 　（2）無被動意義，表示使自己處于某狀態(tài)或情況 　　He got dressed quickly. 　　他快速地穿好衣服。 　　Hearing the news, we got excited. 　　聽到這個消息，我們興奮起來。 　　They plan to get married in the summer. 　　他們計劃在夏天結(jié)婚。 　　I hope you’re not getting bored by my conversation. 　　但愿我的話沒讓你厭煩。 注意：get的其他結(jié)構(gòu)： （1）get doing　做起某事來，開始…做起某事來 We got talking. 我們談起話來。 We got chatting and discovered we’d been at college together. 　　我們聊起天來才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們原來是校友。 　　You have an hour to clean the whole house-----so get scrubbing. 　　你只有一個小時來打掃整個房子------快開始擦洗吧。 （2）get （sb./sth.） doing 使某人做起某事來，使某物進入…（狀態(tài)） With the help of engineer, we soon got the machine going well. 在工程師的幫助下，我們很快使機器順利地運轉(zhuǎn)起來。 　 I’ll soon get the clock going. 　　我很快就會讓鐘走起來。 （3）get sb. to do sth.　使/讓某人去做某事 I got him to see a doctor.　 我勸他去看醫(yī)生了 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. （4）get sth. done =have sth. done 　　表示遭遇或請人做某事 She got her finger caught in the door. 她的手指讓門給夾了。 　 He got his wrist broken. 　　他扭傷了手腕。 　 I’ll get my watch repaired this afternoon. 　　今天下午我要去修表。 ◆概念提示 重點/熱點1：Having realized that I could use a kite to attract Iightning , I decided to do an experiment. 該句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中作狀語。having done表示非謂語動詞的動作先于渭語動詞的動作，并且非謂語與句子主語之間存在著主動關(guān)系；having been done表示非謂語動詞的動作先于渭語動詞的動作，并且非謂語與句子主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。 Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play football for a while. 做完了作業(yè)．他決定去踢一會兒球。 Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldnt go home. 還沒有打掃完教室，他們還不能回家。 Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy. 那個姑娘在班上得到表揚，感到很高興。 易混易錯點1： be to do sth作表語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：be to do結(jié)構(gòu)除了可以表示將來時的基本用法外還可以用來表示安排、命令、職責(zé)、用途、決心、命中注定要發(fā)生的動作等。be to 在某種程度上等于should , ought to 或must (1) 表示命令 You are to be back by11 oclock. 你得在11點鐘前回來。 (2) 表示職責(zé) I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hang Zhou .我謹通知你會議在杭州舉行。 (3)表示命令 A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來切割的。(用途) (4)表示命令 His travels in Africa was to change his ing life. (5)表示決心 If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to prevent war. 要和平，就得想一切辦法制止戰(zhàn)爭。 You must work hard , if you are to succeed. 如果你想成功的話你必須努力學(xué)習(xí) ⊕講題組 ◆課內(nèi)題例與課后題： 課內(nèi)題例 1. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was ____, so I went in. A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. over control 解析:out of control的意思是“失去控制”。 答案：A 2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 變式1.He is very clever and works hard. _____is no doubt that he always wins the first prize. A. It B. There C. That D. What 解析: no doubt后為同位語從句，that作為引導(dǎo)詞，不充當句子成分。答案： B 變式1. 考查固定句型there be no doubt that 從句。 答案：B 3.He was a much older tennis player but he had the great of experience. A. interest B. advantage C benefit D. profit 變式1. In order to succeed, you must take ______of your spare time. A. advantage B. advantages C. use D. most 變式2. Your spare time must be taken advantage of_____. A. to succeed B. succeeding C. to be succeeded D. being succeeded 變式3. We felt amazed at the use the waste bottles. A. they had made B they had made of C. they had put D. they had put to 解析：3. have the advantage of指“有……的優(yōu)勢”。故只有B項合乎句意。答案：B 變式1.考查固定短語take advantage of“利用”這一用法。答案：A 變式2. 該句的主動形式是You must take advantage of your spare time to succeed.由此可知答案為：A 變式3. 所完成部分為use的定語從句，且use的替代詞that在從句中作賓語，即make use of, the waste bottles作了of的賓語，故of不可省略。答案：B 4. You _____ your positions before class is over, or you will be left behind. A . are to hand in B. will hand in C. can hand in D. is going to 變式1. His journey to Africa _____　his later life, which had a great effect on his career. A. was to change B. would change C. was changing D. was going to change 變式2. If you _____ finish the job in time, you must set out at once. A. will B. are to C. shall D. must 解析：4. 根據(jù)語境是說“你們必須在下課前交作業(yè)”用be to 來表示must必須這樣的語氣。所以答案是A。 答案：A 變式1. 該句意思是“他在非洲的那次旅游注定會改變他的后半生?！笨疾閎e to 表示“注定會”這一用法。答案：A 變式2. be to 可以用來表示決心。該句意思是“如果你決心及時完成工作的話，你必須即刻出發(fā)?！贝鸢福築 5. The theory he struck to ______ true. 　　A. proving　　 B. be　　 C. proved　　 D. being　　 解析：此題易誤選A或D，認為struck to應(yīng)該接名詞或動詞的-ing形式，而事實上題干中的he struck to為定語從句，我們所要選的應(yīng)該為主句的詞語動詞。答案：C 6. Sarah, hurry up. I’ll afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party. A. get changed　　 B. get change　　 C. get changing　　 D. get to change 變式1. The workers in the pany get _______ by the piece. A. paid B. paying C. pay C. to be paid 解析：6. 根據(jù)句意：快點，聚會之前恐怕沒有時間換衣服了，此處應(yīng)用get +過去分詞表示主動的 結(jié)構(gòu)?！〈鸢福篈 變式1. 該題考查get +過去分詞表示被動的結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A 課后題： 1. There can be no doubt ____ the woman is fit for the work. 　　A. that　　 B. if　　 C. what　　 D. because 2. My father doesn’t allow _____ puter games; he even doesn’t allow me _____ TV before I finish my homework. A. playing; to watch　　 B. playing; watching　　 C. to play; to watch　　 D. to play; watching 3 .－ do you like the film tonight? －Better than A. How；expected B. What；expected C. How；to expect D. What；to expect 4. My doctor, who is kept the nurse, has ill since last week. A .in the charge of ；fallen B .in charge of；been C. in the charge of；been D. take charge of ；fallen 5. After half a year’s life in school, the boy ______ to be a very good student. 　　A. is proving　　 B. is being proved　　 C. is proved　　 D. proved 解析：1doubt用于否定句、疑問句中接that從句。答案：A 2. allow doing sth.　　 allow sb. to do sth. 答案 A 3. How do you like sth.認為某事如何；than expected為than it is expected的省略式，意為“比預(yù)期的……”。答案：A 4.從時間狀語since last week可看出，瞬時動詞fall不能與之連用，可排除A、D項；in charge of負責(zé)，掌管，in the charge of在……的負責(zé)/掌管下，be kept in the charge of sb一直處在某人看管下。 5. prove to be 證明是。prove此時是系動詞，不用被動語態(tài)。答案：D ⊕課后練習(xí)題 A組： 1. by his death, his wife was determined on working. A. Deeply shocked；to do B. Deeply shocked；on going C. Shocked deeply；to go D. Shocked deeply；on going 2.Have you ever seen a ? A. four-eye-fish B. four-eyed fish C. four-eye fish D. four-eyes fish 3.On the long journey, Peter a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. A. practiced B. behaved C. proved D. conducted 4.—Did you enjoy the book? —Yes, it was so interesting that I could hardly it. A. get rid of B. break away from C. keep away from D. tear myself away from 5.—Why is Jack always playing? —He has no of time. A. sense B. idea C. effect D. feeling 6.Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint? A. pick out B. make up C. go over D look into 7.Such good use has been his spare time his English has improved a lot. A. made of ；that B. made of；as C. made in；that D. found in；as 8.There aren’t so many factories in this area. It has been developed for such a short time . A. at all B. in all C. for all D. after all 9.The manager has got a good business so the pany is doing well. A. idea B. sense C. thought D. hiking 10.Whoever is (the) will get a prize. A. first finishing B. first to finish C. first finished D. first to be finished 1.B shock為及物動詞，相當于surprise，“感到非常震驚”應(yīng)用be deeply shocked/surprised，副詞修飾動詞的過去分詞；第二空“決心做某事”be determined to do sth，detemine用作不及物動詞時，可用determine on/upon sth/doing sth。 2.B 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed構(gòu)成形容詞，four-eyed四只眼的，再如：three-legged三條腿的，one-eyed獨眼的。 3.C prove作系動詞，句意為：“在長途旅行中，彼得證明是個很有趣的導(dǎo)游，我們都過得很愉快”。 4.D get rid of擺脫；break away from脫離；keep away from遠離，不接近；tear oneself away from使自己與……分開，句意為：“這本書如此有趣以至于我?guī)缀蹼y以釋手”。 5.A sense在句中含義為“觀念，意識”；idea想法，主意；effect效果，作用；feeling感覺。句意為：“為什么杰克老是玩？”“他沒有時間觀念”。 6.C pick out 挑出，辨認出；make up彌補，配制，化妝；go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細檢查；look into調(diào)查。只有C項符合句意。 7.A 句式上來講是such…that…句型，運用了make use of sth的其中一種變化形式use be made of sth。句意為：“他的業(yè)余時間被如此好地運用以至于他的英語水平提高了很多”。 8.D at all“根本，全然”in all“總共，全部”；for all“雖然”；after all“畢竟，終究”。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選擇after all。 9.B a good business sense好的商業(yè)意識。句意為：“經(jīng)理有好的商業(yè)意識，所以公司經(jīng)營得不錯”。 10.B 序數(shù)詞后接不定式作定語，the first與finish之間為主動關(guān)系。故選擇B。 單詞拼寫： 1.They have e to the c that rice can grow well there. 2.There is little a in buying a dictionary if you can’t read. 3.Her mother’s words of love and help c the child then. 4.I’ve got c of your class so you must do as I tell you. 5.He said that without our assistance, he wouldn’t have been s . 答案：1.conclusion 2. advantage 3. forted 4. control 5. successful B組： 一、 漢譯英 1.只要你努力，一定會成功。 2.你付給電工多少錢修理電視機？ 3.我六點去接你，然后我們一塊去電影院。 4.這位病人由那位醫(yī)生負責(zé)。 5.一杯咖啡他們向我要5美圓。 8.一般來說，每個人都有羞恥心。 9.在我生病時，我的丈夫是我極大的安慰。 10.那就是他在倫敦期間如何謀生的。 答案： 1.Work hard, and you’ll be successful in time. 2.How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV? 3.I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together. 4.The patient is in the charge of that doctor. 5.They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee. 8.Generally speaking, everyone has a sense of shame. 9.My husband was a great fort to me when I was ill. 10.That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London. 單句改錯： 1. If you work hard, and you will be successful in time. 2. The reason why I was late for class was because I got up late. 3. Fastening your seat belt when you drive. 4.I have never seen a sharply pair of eyes than his. I’m really afraid to see him again. 5. I have lost touch with him five years ago. 答案： 1. and 去掉 2. because 改為that 3. fastening 改為 fasten 4. sharply 改為 sharp 5. have 去掉