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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookI Unit16教學(xué)案 人教大綱版 理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋 單詞 1.charge 講: vt.& n. 要價(jià)；記賬；譴責(zé)；命令；充電；管理；照顧；收費(fèi) 例：They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡他們向我要5美元。 Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal. 母親訓(xùn)誡我要誠(chéng)實(shí)，不可偷竊。 How often shall I charge the battery? 我多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間充一次電？ You can get service free of charge. 你可得到免費(fèi)服務(wù)。 There is a 10 percent service charge. 收10%的服務(wù)費(fèi)。 I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away. 下周董事離開，我將負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)工廠。 The patient is in the charge of that doctor. 這位病人由那位醫(yī)生負(fù)責(zé)。 鏈接提示 (1)be in charge of 管理/掌管…… (2)be in/under the charge of...被/由……掌管/負(fù)責(zé) (3)free of charge免費(fèi)的 (4)take charge of 擔(dān)任；管理 練：(1)(xx甘肅蘭州診斷考試) The seller would sell the jacket for seventy dollars,but the customer _________only half the price. A.asked B.charged C.offered D.sold 提示:charge要價(jià)、索價(jià)，offer出價(jià)。 答案：C (2)My doctor,who is kept ________ the nurse,has ________ ill since last week. A.in the charge of;fallen B.in charge of;been C.in the charge of;been D.in charge of;fallen 提示:依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語since last week，排除A、D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗查g動(dòng)詞fall不能與一段時(shí)間狀語連用。be kept in the charge of sb.一直處在某人的看管下。 答案:C 2.sense 講: vt.& n.感官；感覺；意義；意味 例：Can you make sense of what I said? 你能理解我說的話嗎？ What you say is true in a sense. 就某種意義而言，你說的是實(shí)話。 She lost her senses when she heard the news. 她聽到這個(gè)消息就昏了過去。 He sensed that his proposal was unwele. 他覺得他的建議不受歡迎。 The dog sensed danger and barked. 那條狗意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)后叫了起來。 鏈接提示 (1)make sense 有道理；有意義；講得通；是明智的；合乎情理的；易于理解；道理明顯 This sentence doesn’t make sense. 這個(gè)句子不通。 (2)make sense of sth.理解；弄懂(不易理解的事物) I can’t make sense of the painting. 我看不懂那幅畫。 (3)mon sense常識(shí) (4)the sense of duty/time/humor/direction責(zé)任感/時(shí)間觀念/幽默感/方向感 練：（1）(xx甘肅蘭州診斷考試) Mr.Blake is well-known in the school because of his good______of humor. A.sense B.emotion C.feeling D.thought 提示:sense of humor意為“幽默感”。 答案：A (2)Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _______. A.value B.sense C.fun D.use 提示:make不能與value搭配；make fun和make use與題意明顯不符。句意為:夠了!沒有人認(rèn)為你說的有意義。 答案:B 3.prove 講: vt.證明；證實(shí) link-v. 證明；結(jié)果是 例：He has proved his courage in the battle. 他已經(jīng)在戰(zhàn)斗中證明了他的勇敢。 Can you prove that to the court? 你能向法庭證明這一點(diǎn)嗎？ He proved an honest man. 事實(shí)證明他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 It proved to be much more difficult than she had supposed. 事實(shí)證明這比她原來預(yù)料的要難得多。 鏈接提示 (1)prove作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以接名詞、代詞、從句和復(fù)合賓語，且可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 (2)prove用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接形容詞、名詞、介詞短語或to be結(jié)構(gòu)。 練：(1)The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast. A.to proves B.to prove C.which to prove D.to proves to 提示:句意為:他堅(jiān)持的理論向我們證明地震是可以預(yù)報(bào)的。stick to表示“堅(jiān)持（原則、計(jì)劃、諾言等）”；prove to...表示“向……證明”。故選D。 答案:D (2)—Why was Professor Zhang unhappy recently？ —Because the theory he insisted on ________ wrong. A.proved B.proving C.being proved D.was proved 提示:he insisted on是定語從句；prove是連系動(dòng)詞，因此不可用于被動(dòng)。故選A。 答案:A 4fort 講: n. 舒服；安逸；舒適；安慰；寬慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰；撫慰；寬慰 例：The priest spoke a few words of fort to the dying man. 牧師對(duì)將要死去的人說了幾句安慰的話。 He lives in great fort. 他生活極為舒適。 After retirement,he took fort from/in reading. 退休后他從讀書中得到慰藉。 It is a fort to know that she is safe. 得知她平安無事，這是一個(gè)安慰。 A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real fort. 在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯熱牛奶真是舒服。 I tried to fort Jean after her mother’s death. 詹妮的媽媽去世后，我盡力安慰她。 鏈接提示 (1)fort表示“舒適；安慰”時(shí)為抽象名詞，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。 (2)fortable adj. 舒服的 The chair is fortable to sit in. 這椅子坐上去很舒服。 練：—I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them. —Well,where else could they live __________?They should be satisfied. A.in such a fort B.hard C.miserably D.in such fort 提示:解題時(shí)要依據(jù)語境，分析推斷第二個(gè)說話人的意思。從上下文，特別是They should be satisfied可以看出，第二個(gè)說話人的意思是“This is the best house they could find.”排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；fort作“舒適；安慰”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，故選D。 答案:D 短語 1.pick out 講:該短語的義項(xiàng)有“挑選；找出”。 例：She picked out the shoes that match the dress. 她選出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd? 你能在這人群中找出你的兄弟嗎？ The houses in the painting were picked out in white. 這幅畫中的房子以白色凸現(xiàn)出來。 I managed to pick out the passage. 我終于理解了這篇文章的意思。 鏈接拓展 (1)pick at 申訴；指責(zé)；吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) His mother picked at him for being lazy. 他母親指責(zé)他懶惰。 The sick woman just picked at the food he brought. 那生病的女人只吃了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)他帶來的食物。 (2)pick on 選擇某人 The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question. 老師總是挑我回答困難的問題。 (3)pick up 拾起；讓乘客上車；駕車接某人；恢復(fù)；偶然得到；接收廣播 After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health. 在醫(yī)院住了很久以后，醫(yī)生建議這位病人到海邊去恢復(fù)健康。 I’ll pick you up at your home. 我開車到你家去接你。 (4)pick over 慎重地調(diào)查；仔細(xì)地檢查 He picked over a basket of apples. 他仔細(xì)地挑選了一籃子蘋果。 練：—Have you _______ any information? —No,I’m going to _______ the business department. A.picked up;call at B.picked out;call on C.got;call on D.received;drop in 提示:解題時(shí)可以從第二空入手:call on后接人；call at后接地點(diǎn)；drop in是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，搭配形式為drop in on sb./at some place。故選A。pick up的意思是“獲得”。 答案:A 2.bring out 講:該短語的義項(xiàng)有“說明；闡明；引出；使表現(xiàn)出；出版”。 bring out在表示“出版”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于publish，為及物動(dòng)詞短語。而短語e out表示“出版”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例：She has brought out two new books at the same time. 她同時(shí)出版了兩本新書。 This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face. 這張相片非常清晰，把她臉上的皺紋都照出來了。 The pany is bringing out a new kind of soap. 這家公司在生產(chǎn)一種新香皂。 Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities. 困難可以顯現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的最佳品質(zhì)。 鏈接拓展 (1)bring up撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐 (2)bring down使價(jià)格降低 (3)bring about引起；導(dǎo)致(=cause to happen) (4)bring in引進(jìn)，賺取 (5)bring forward提出；提議 (6)bring back帶回；使憶起 練：(1)Can you make a sentence to _______ the meaning of the phrase? A.show off B.turn out C.bring out D.take in 提示:本題考查根據(jù)語意選擇動(dòng)詞短語的能力。bring out 拿出，說明，闡明，引出；show off 表現(xiàn)自己，炫耀；turn out結(jié)果，原來（情況是），生產(chǎn)，制造；take in吸收，聽進(jìn)去，領(lǐng)會(huì)。依據(jù)前文make a sentence 和后文the meaning of the phrase不難判斷出正確答案。 答案:C (2)Difficulties and hardships have _______ the best character of the young geologist. A.brought in B.brought out C.brought up D.brought about 提示:短語bring out的意思為“使……顯現(xiàn)出來；表明……的個(gè)性”。 答案:B 句型 1.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu) 講：注意觀察下面教材原句: Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross,and you will have a nice strong kite. 把手帕四角與龍骨端頭綁牢，就可以成為很好的結(jié)實(shí)風(fēng)箏了。 本句句型為:祈使句+and+陳述句。其中的祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，如果陳述句表示否定，用連詞or。 例：Be careful,and you will do better. =If you are careful,you will do better. 做仔細(xì)些，你會(huì)做得更好。 Hurry up,or we won’t catch the early bus. =If we don’t hurry up,we won’t catch the early bus. 快點(diǎn)，不然就趕不上早班車了。 鏈接提示 用and,then表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，“那么”，用or或otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“否則”。該句型可以用if或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句替換，即“條件句+陳述句”，這時(shí)后面的連詞就不需要了。 練：（1）(xx北京春季) Lose one hour in the morning _______ you will be looking for it the rest of the day. A.but B.and C.or D.so 提示:本題考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)中的連詞用法。句型“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”表示“這么做，那么就會(huì)怎么樣”。 答案:B (2)(xx河南新鄉(xiāng)調(diào)研) Three minutes earlier_________ we could have caught the early train to Philadelphia. A.or B.but C.and D.so 提示:本題中名詞短語相當(dāng)于祈使句的省略句，題干可換成“條件句+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，即If we had set out three minutes earlier,we could have caught the early train to Philadelphia. 答案:C 2.to do作表語的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 講：注意觀察下面教材原句: What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes? 眼睛里進(jìn)了東西時(shí)該怎么做呢？ 例：We are to meet at the school gate. 我們約定在校門口碰頭。 You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在十點(diǎn)鐘前回來。 I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou. 我謹(jǐn)通知你會(huì)議在杭州舉行。 A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來切割的。 They were never to meet again. 他們注定將來永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)見面。 鏈接提示 be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來表示安排、命令、職責(zé)、用途、命中注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 練：(1)(xx云南統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)) Jimmy needs to improve his technique if he ________ gold medals in the xx Olympics. A.wins B.is winning C.is about to win D.is to win 提示:句意為：吉米要想在xx年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲金牌就需要提高他的技術(shù)。 答案：D （2）Bill’s aim is ________ the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal. A.to inform B.informing C.inform D.informed 提示:動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，表示“職責(zé)”。句意為:Bill的目的是告訴觀眾電視上的香煙廣告是違法的。 答案:A 辨析 1.take care,take care of,watch out,look out （1)take care of“愛護(hù)；照顧”，后跟名詞或代詞,不可單獨(dú)使用。 (2)take care“小心；注意”，后面可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式，也可以跟that從句。 (3)watch out和look out也有“當(dāng)心；注意”的意思。這兩個(gè)短語可以單獨(dú)使用，表示警告，也可以構(gòu)成watch out for.../look out for...表示“注意、留意”。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)_______ that you don’t spoil your clothes. (2) _______ not to drop it! (3)She stayed at home to _______ the baby. (4) _______ for a tall man in a black hat. (5) _______! The training is ing! 答案:(1)Take care (2)Take care (3)take care of (4)Watch out/Look out (5)Look out/Watch out 2.close,closely (1)close adj. 靠近；接近；親密的；徹底的；小心的 (2)close adv. 接近；靠近 (3)closely adv. 靠近；密切地；仔細(xì)地 作“靠近”解時(shí)，close的意思相當(dāng)于“near”；closely語氣較強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于“very near”。closely還有比喻的用法，意思是“親密地、仔細(xì)地、嚴(yán)密地”。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)I sat and watched everyone very _______ (=carefully). (2)Our new house is _______ to the school. (3)He is my _______ friend. (4)He walked into the room, _______ followed by the rest of the family. (5)They sat _______ together. (6)Don’t e too _______. (7)We live very _______ to the school. 答案:(1)closely (2)close (3)close (4)closely (5)close (6)close (7)close 誘思:實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥 【例1】 (xx浙江模擬) I am sure David will be able to find the library —he has a pretty good of ________direction. A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense 提示:have a good idea of意為“對(duì)……非常了解”；feeling指“感情”；experience指“經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷”；sense指“感覺”。從句意看，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)，sense of direction指“方向感”。 答案:D 講評(píng):考查名詞具體意思和用法的題也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在模擬題中的，在平時(shí)要分清單詞的意思和用法。 【例2】 (xx湖北模擬) This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can _______ my father. A.find out B.pick out C.look out D.speak out 提示:find out“發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出”；pick out“找出；分辨出”；look out“向外看；當(dāng)心；注意”；speak out“大聲說出”。只有pick out的意思符合句意。 答案:B 講評(píng):做好考查短語的題的惟一途徑就是平時(shí)多記，短語的意思并不是組成短語的詞的意思的疊加，不能望文生義。 【例3】 (xx重慶模擬) His idea of having weekly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first,has ________ many good changes in their lives. A.got through B.resulted from C.turned into D.brought about 提示:句意為:他提議每周全家人出去吃頓飯，起初這看似很難，但后來卻給他們的生活帶來了許多好的變化。get through做完；度過；接通；result from是……的結(jié)果；由……造成；turn into變成；bring about帶來；造成。故選D。 答案:D 講評(píng):對(duì)于動(dòng)詞短語，在平時(shí)要練好基本功，方能結(jié)合語境、句意選擇正確答案。