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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀沖刺 閱讀理解20 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C 　　When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something pete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere. 　　In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money e from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses. 　　Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public.” And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told.” Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid, nonpersonal (非針對(duì)某個(gè)人的), and usually persuasive (有說(shuō)服力的) description of goods, services and ideas by identified sponsors (明確的出資者)through various media. 　　First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advert sements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is nonpersonal. It is not face to face munication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a pany, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional (傳統(tǒng)的)and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media include the mail, matchbox covers, and billboards (廣告牌). 　　 62. The existence（存在）of the privately owned mass media depends financially（經(jīng)濟(jì)上地）on 　　 A. the government 　　B. their owners families　　C. advertisements 　　D. the audience 　　 63. According to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements? 　　 A. panies. 　　　　B. Organizations.　　　　　C. Individuals. 　　　D. All of the above. 　　 64. Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media? 　　 A. Newspapers. 　　　 B. The mail. 　　　　　　　C. Magazines 　　　　 D. Films. 　　 65. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true? 　　 A. Advertising must be honest and amusing. 　　 B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people. 　　 C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly. 　　 D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D 　　The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit－card (信用卡) fraud.Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site（非法網(wǎng)站）. 　　 Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. 　　 On－line shoppers who enter their credit－card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.The thieves then go shopping with your card number—or sell the information over the Internet. puters hackers (黑客) have broken down security（安全）systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, an on－line music retailer (零售商) , were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit－card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information. 　　 Credit－card firms are now fighting against on－line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web－only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on－line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated (欺騙). 　　 Ask about your credit－card firms on－line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent (欺騙性的) spending. 　　 And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit－card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system. 　　 If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right－h(huán)and corner of your screen. The Web site address may also start https: // － the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit－card information over the telephone. 　　Keep your password（密碼）safe: Most on－line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care. 　　 66. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage? 　　 A. A lot of stolen credit－cards were sold on the Internet. 　　 B. Fraud on the Internet.  　　 C. Many Web sites are destroyed.  　　 D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet. 　　 67. What is the meaning of “fraud”? 　　 A. Cheating. 　　　　B. Sale. 　　　　C. Payment. 　　　　D. Safety. 　　 68. How can the thieves get the information of the creditcard? 　　 A. The customers give them the information. 　　 B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites. 　　 C. The customers sell the information to them. 　　 D. The thieves buy the information from credit card firms. 　　 69. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you? 　　 A. Four. 　　　　　　B. Three. 　　　　C. Five. 　　　　　D. Six. 　　 70. You are shopping on the site: http: // Shopping. , and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do? 　　 A. Order the TV set at once. 　　　 　　 B. Do not buy the TV set on this site. 　　 C. E－mail the site your credit－card information. 　　 D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　E 　　Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your childrens curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven－year－olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary（薪水） and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that were finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?” 　　After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” 　　This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.  　　Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合邏輯的), plete and creative answers. 　　Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, dont jump in with “Thats right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it es to encouraging good behavior(行為). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “Thats interesting” or “Id never thought of it that way before”, or ing up with more questions or ideas. 　　Never push a child to “Think”. It doesnt make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. Whats more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target (目標(biāo)) for your disagreement. 　　Lastly, show; dont tell. Real－life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大鏡), and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸發(fā)), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 　　 71. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is . 　　 A. to let them see the world around 　　 B. to share the childrens curiosity 　　 C. to explain difficult phrases about science 　　 D. to supply the children with lab equipment 　　 72. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “l(fā)ists” could best be replaced by 　　 A. any questions 　　　　　　　　　　　　B. any problems 　 　　 C. questions from textbooks 　　　　 　　D. any number of questions 　　 73. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, plete and creative way if adults . 　　 A. ask them to answer quickly. 　　 B. wait for one or two seconds after a question. 　　 C. tell them to answer the next day. 　　 D. wait at least for three seconds after a question. 　　 74. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion? 　　 A. The second and third. 　　　　　　　　　B. The fourth and fifth. 　　 C. The fifth and sixth. 　　　　　　　　 　D. The seventh. 　　 75. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their childrens curiosity except that adults should . 　　 A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背誦) facts 　　 B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves 　　 C. be patient enough when their children answer questions 　　 D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 56～59 CDAD 62～65 CDBA 66～70 BABAB 71～75 BCDCA