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Unit 1 Great scientists,Learning about Language,Knowledge and skills 1. Discover the useful words and expressions.And learn the usage of useful words and expressions. (1)responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的 construct vt. 建設(shè)；修建 construction n. 建設(shè)；建筑物 contribute vt. & vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助 firework n. 煙火(燃放) chart n. 圖表,creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的 cooperative adj. 合作的 positive adj. 積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的 revolutionary adj. 革命的； 重大變革的 movement n. 移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；動(dòng)作 backward adv. & adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的) privately adv. 私下地；秘密地 spin vi. & vt. (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗) brightness n. 明亮；亮度；聰穎 enthusiastic adj. 熱情的；熱心的,,cautious adj. 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的 reject vt. 拒絕；不接受；拋棄 universe n. 宇宙；世界 (2)expose…to 暴露于；公開揭露 apart from 脫離；除此之外(表示除……以外別無)；除去 contribute to 捐獻(xiàn)；促成；投稿；有助于 make a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 make sense 講得通；有意義 lead to 把……帶到；領(lǐng)到 be strict with 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格，對(duì)……嚴(yán)厲,,2. Help the students to learn how to use the sentence patterns. (1)Only if…＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋其他成 分． (2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。 Process and methods Explanation and practice Emotion，attitude and value 1. To develop the students sense of loving English. 2. To develop the students sense of cooperation.,,[重點(diǎn)] construction, contribute, enthusiastic, cautious，reject [難點(diǎn)] 1. Only if…＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋其他成分． 2. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。 3. Learn about Copernicus revolutionary theory.,The stress of this period should be put on the important new words, phrases and sentence structures in the text. And much more attention should be paid to the following： (1)Key phrases：lead to, make sense； (2)Key sentence: Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 And the rest especially the ones with triangles are only to be recognized while the students are reading the passage.,,The passage deals with how Copernicus founded his theory. Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity and showed this was obviously wrong. Also there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Teachers had better encourage students to learn from him and other great scientists and make more progress.,[導(dǎo)入一] 1. Do you know any famous person in the field of space and universe? 2. Do you know anything about Copernicus? 3. What was his contribution to the world?,,[導(dǎo)入二] 1. Get 1～2 students to report to the class the information of Copernicus. (Who is he? What achievement did he make? When…？) 2. Background supplementary： Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473—1543). Born in Torunń， he began his university studies in Krakw in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However, he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教會(huì)法規(guī)博士學(xué)位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (＝priest)．,,In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (《天體運(yùn)論》)．Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (羅馬天主教), so he was in no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.,,1 construction n．[U]建設(shè)，建造 [C]建筑物，結(jié)構(gòu) (教材P4)Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make＋a＋noun.看這些簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞，并用“make＋a＋名詞”構(gòu)成另一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。,,construct vt. 建設(shè)；修建 be under construction 正在建設(shè)中 be constructed of/out of/from sth 由……建成,◇ 詞匯點(diǎn)睛 ◇,【溫馨提示】 短語(yǔ)under construction中不加任何冠詞。,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)Most of the factories under construction have been designed by the Chinese designers. 這些建設(shè)中的工廠大多數(shù)都是由中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)的。 (2)The governments in cities with large numbers of lowincome families should speed up the construction of lowrent housing. 有大量低收入家庭的城市的政府部門應(yīng)該加快廉租房的建設(shè)。 (3)He made some _______________________at the meeting. 他在會(huì)上提出了一些建設(shè)性的建議。,,constructive suggestions,(4)The new railway is still ______________________ now. 新的鐵路現(xiàn)在仍在建設(shè)中。 (5)The shelter ______________ out of fallen branches. 這個(gè)住所是用落下的樹枝搭成的。,under construction,was constructed,2 contribute vt.& vi.捐贈(zèng)，捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；投(稿),,,contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者 contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助；投稿 contribute to 為……做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于 contribute sth to 把……捐贈(zèng)給/貢獻(xiàn)給…… make a contribution to 為……做貢獻(xiàn),【易混辨析】 contribute與devote (1)contribute可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不可接ones life或oneself作賓語(yǔ)。 (2)devote僅用作及物動(dòng)詞，常用于devote oneself/ones life(time/efforts/energy…)to(doing)sth以及 be devoted to 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“獻(xiàn)身于/致力于某一事業(yè)或目標(biāo)”。 【溫馨提示】 在contribute to短語(yǔ)中，to為介詞，后面可跟名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞。,,【巧學(xué)助記】 Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 許多人給那個(gè)可憐的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并投稿到一家報(bào)社。,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)He contributed half of his savings to earthquake victims. 他將一半的積蓄捐獻(xiàn)給了地震災(zāi)民。 (2)His research has contributed to our understanding of this disease. 他的研究有助于我們對(duì)這種疾病的了解。 (3)Students are encouraged to _________________ to the university magazine. 學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們給大學(xué)雜志投稿。,,contribute articles,(4)As is known, exercise______________ our health. 正如人們所知，鍛煉有助于我們的健康。 (5)The singer _____________________ this small village school last year. 那位歌手去年向這個(gè)小鄉(xiāng)村的學(xué)校捐贈(zèng)了7 000美元。 (6)Some famous singers have accepted the invitation and their performances will surely ____________ the success of the party. 一些著名歌星已經(jīng)接受了邀請(qǐng)，他們的演出一定會(huì)使晚會(huì)成功。,,contributes to,contributed $7,000 to,contribute to,3 enthusiastic adj. 熱心的，熱情的 (教材P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵(lì)他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。,,,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)She is full of enthusiasm for learning English. 她對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)充滿了熱情。 (2)He is enthusiastic about helping others. 他熱心助人。 (3)David is __________________________ this plan. 戴維對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃十分熱心。,,very enthusiastic about,(4)They ___________________________ of that movie star. 他們是那位電影明星的狂熱崇拜者。 (5)Anything can be achieved if you ____________________________________________________ it. 任何事情都能被實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果你熱衷于它。,,are enthusiastic admirers,have enthusiasm for/are enthusiastic about,,4 cautious adj.十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的 (教材P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵(lì)他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)Her husband is cautious，never making a swift decision about anything. 她的丈夫十分謹(jǐn)慎，從不草率做出任何決定。 (2)She is very cautious of hurting his feelings. 她小心翼翼免得傷害他的感情。 (3)He __________________________committing himself. 他對(duì)做出承諾很謹(jǐn)慎。,,was cautious about,(4)I ______________him not to be late. 我警告他不要遲到。 (5)The students ______________to make any mistakes in spelling. 學(xué)生們?cè)谄磳憰r(shí)非常小心，以避免出錯(cuò)。,,cautioned,are cautious not,5 reject vt. 拒絕；不接受；拋棄 (教材P7)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教教會(huì)拒絕接受他的理論，說這種理論違背了上帝的旨意，而支持這種理論的人會(huì)受到攻擊。,,,【易混辨析】 reject, refuse與decline (1)reject表示拒不接受不適當(dāng)、不滿足或厭惡的東西，如建議、計(jì)劃、贈(zèng)物、求婚、正義、忠告等，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，有時(shí)還含有“拋棄，剔除”等意思，只可接名詞，主語(yǔ)只能是人。 (2)refuse指堅(jiān)決、果斷甚至是粗暴地對(duì)別人的要求、請(qǐng)求、引誘或幫助加以拒絕，后接名詞、代詞或不定式，主語(yǔ)可以是人或物。 (3)decline常指委婉地拒絕，近似于漢語(yǔ)的“謝絕”，多指謝絕他人的邀請(qǐng)或提供的幫助。,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)The proposal was firmly rejected. 這個(gè)建議被堅(jiān)決拒絕了。 (2)We rejected his idea for a music club. 我們沒有接受他成立一個(gè)音樂俱樂部的想法。 (3)My cousin tried to join the army but ________________. 我堂兄試圖參軍，但沒有被接受。,,was rejected,(4)After the transplant his body ________ the new heart. 在移植手術(shù)后，他的身體對(duì)移植的心臟產(chǎn)生了排斥反應(yīng)。 (5)Mary ________ to go back into the hospital. 瑪麗拒絕返回醫(yī)院。 (6)I offered to give them a lift but they________. 我主動(dòng)讓他們搭便車可是他們拒絕了。,,rejected,refused,declined,1 apart from 除……之外；此外 (教材P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了以上提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你們還學(xué)過以下短語(yǔ)。,,◇ 短語(yǔ)儲(chǔ)存 ◇,,,,,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)Apart from my mother tongue, I can speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母語(yǔ)外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語(yǔ)。 (2)I like all the subjects apart from English. 我喜歡包括英語(yǔ)在內(nèi)的所有學(xué)科。 (3)__________________ their house in London，they also have a villa in Spain. 他們?cè)趥惗赜幸淮狈孔?，此外在西班牙還有一幢別墅。,,Apart from,(4)The writer lives _________________ his family. 這位作家不與家人同住。 (5)She is pretty ________ the fact that her eyes are too big. 若不是她的眼睛太大，她是很漂亮的。 (6)He had other people to take care of ___________________me. 除了我以外，他還需要照顧其他人。,,apart from,except for,besides/apart from,2 make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通 (教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。,,,,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)He doesnt talk much, but what he says makes sense. 他話不多，但言之有理。 (2)He tried to explain it to me, but I just couldnt make sense of what he said. 他努力向我解釋，但我就是不能理解他說的話。 (3)It __________________ to plant fruit trees on the hillside. 在山坡上種植果樹是很有意義的事。,,makes good sense,(4)Einsteins theory was so advanced that few scientists at that time could __________________ it. 愛因斯坦的理論是如此先進(jìn)以至于當(dāng)時(shí)很少有科學(xué)家能夠理解。 (5)In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply __________________________________________. 在我看來，他剛剛告訴我們的那件事基本上沒有任何意義。,,make sense of,makes no sense/doesnt make any sense,1 (教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。,,◇ 句型透視 ◇,【溫馨提示】 (1)only if 意為“只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，放在句首或主句后均可，放在句首時(shí)主句要部分倒裝。如： Only if you study hard can you pass the exam. 你只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過考試。 I wake up only if the school bell rings. 只有學(xué)校的鈴響了，我才會(huì)醒。 (2)only修飾狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不倒裝而主句倒裝。如： Only in Paris do you find bars like this. 只有在巴黎，你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)像這樣的酒吧。,,Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有病得很重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。 (3)only加主語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，句子不倒裝。如： Only Tom knew the secret then. 那時(shí)只有湯姆知道這個(gè)秘密。,,【易混辨析】 only if與if only only if 意為“只有”，可視為 if 的加強(qiáng)說法，如放在句首，其后的主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序；if only表示“但愿，要是……就好了”，多與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如： If only I were very rich. 要是我很有錢就好了。 Only if you make up your mind can your dream be realized. 只有你下定決心，你的夢(mèng)想才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)Only if we smile at others will we do everything smoothly. 只要我們笑對(duì)別人，我們辦事就會(huì)一切順利。 (2)Tell them only if they trust us would we like to trust them. 告訴他們，只有他們相信我們，我們才會(huì)相信他們。 (3)Only in this way_______________________ English well. 只有這樣你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。,,can you learn,(4)________ we pull together can we achieve success. 只有我們齊心協(xié)力，我們才能成功。 (5)Its a good plan. ________ we could carry it out. 那是個(gè)好計(jì)劃。但愿我們能執(zhí)行它。,,Only if,If only,2 (教材P7)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把一個(gè)固定的太陽(yáng)放在太陽(yáng)系的中心，所有的行星圍繞它運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)也只有月球繞著地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。,,【句法分析】 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”組成，常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因、方式等，也可作定語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成有下列幾種情形： with＋名詞(或代詞)＋現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/副詞/動(dòng)詞不定式,,【活學(xué)活用】 (1)With prices going up so fast，we cant afford luxuries. 由于物價(jià)上漲很快，我們買不起奢侈品。(原因狀語(yǔ)) (2)I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜歡睡覺時(shí)開著窗戶。(伴隨狀語(yǔ)) (3)With a lot of work to do，he wasnt allowed to go out. 因?yàn)橛泻芏喙ぷ饕?，他沒有被允許外出。(原因狀語(yǔ)),,(4)With our homework ________，we went to play football. 完成家庭作業(yè)后，我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱颉?(5)The children came running towards us with some flowers _________________________. 孩子們手里拿著一些花向我們跑來。 (6)With a lot of work ________，I wont be able to go on holiday. 因?yàn)槲矣性S多工作要做，我不能去度假。,,finished,in their hands,to do,