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Unit 3 Understanding each other ● 2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 3《Understanding each other》Grammar and usage教案2 譯林版選修6 Step 1: General introduction The grammar items in this unit focus on unreal conditionals. Unreal conditionals are used to express a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. You should pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when you use sentences in unreal conditionals. You are expected to use unreal conditionals and how to use unreal conditionals correctly. Step 2: Explanation 1. Read the following sentences. If my husband hadn’t been caught in the rain, he would not have got a fever. Nothing would have happened to him if he had not visited his friend on Saturday If I were you, I would not have visited the friend on Saturday. In the above sentences, what has been said is unreal. The verb forms like these can also be called the subjunctive. Can you find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used? And can you say the sentences in another way, not using the unreal conditionals? Sample answers (1) My husband was caught in the rain, so he got a fever. (2) He visited his friend on Saturday, so something happened to him. (3) I am not you, so I visited the friend on Saturday. 2. Read Point 4 to see how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past of future time. Use the three structures to translate some sentences. (1) 如果我是一個(gè)學(xué)生，我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。 (2) 如果你昨天去聽音樂會(huì)的話， 你將會(huì)遇到她了。 (3) 如果明天下雨的話，會(huì)議將會(huì)推遲。 Sample answers (1) If I were a doctor, I would save her life without hesitation. (2) If you had gone to the concert yesterday, you would have met her. (3) If it rained tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 3. Please read Point 3 and you will find out only should, were or had can be used in the inversion. Change the following sentences into their normal order and pare the differences between the two types of sentences. (1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go outing. (2) Had you e earlier, you would have met my sister. (3) Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner. Answers (1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go outing. (2) If you had e earlier, you would have met my sister. (3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. For reference 動(dòng)詞的語氣——虛擬語氣 一、語氣的定義和種類 l、語氣：語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。 2、語氣的種類： (1)陳述語氣: 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：We are not ready. 我們沒準(zhǔn)備好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天氣啊! (2)祈使語氣: 表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如: Open the door, please。請打開門。 (3)虛擬語氣: 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法 條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件何。在這種真實(shí)條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。 如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會(huì)問你這件事的。(事實(shí)上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。) 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表如下: 從 句 主 句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 had + 過去分詞 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去分詞 與將來事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過去式，should + 動(dòng)詞原形，were to + 動(dòng)詞原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形 注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should 可用于各種人稱。 l. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒, 一切都沒問題了。 2. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(huì)(不可能)考試不及格。 3. 表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。 4. 在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如： Had the doctor e last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. For reference Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examination: 1． I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (2001全國) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 2．—How do you___ we go to Beijing for our holidays? (2004福建) —I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more fortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest 3. I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere. A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ___ yesterday. (2006全國I) A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 5. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be Keys: 1-5 BDBDB Step 3: practice 1. Read the dialogue between Ma Li and Ye Fei on page 40 and fill in each blank with the proper verb form. Answers (1) went (2) would expect (3) went (4) would give (5) went (6) would see (7) did (8) would be (9) had traveled (10) would have found (11) went (12) would take (13) had (14) would join (15) would know 2. Read the instructions and the articles on page 41 and underline the sentences which use unreal conditionals. Answers In my youth, if I could have traveled to another country, I would have, but I had to work, as our family was very poor and needed another wage. That meant I could not finish my education. Ma Li, education is very important. A good education will help you succeed. Should you get into university in the future, you would have to go and take the opportunity. This will enable you to get a good job. Had I had the chance, I would have really enjoyed it. I think I would have studied Medicine. If you should get the chance to go overseas, then you should take it. I think it is very important to try to understand as much about the world as possible and travel helps you to do that. Hopefully you might bee a successful business person or a consultant some day. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all be very proud of you. I am an ld man now, but I still have an ambition to travel to Beijing one day. Should I get to Beijing, I would visit the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. But I wonder, Ma Li, had I had more opportunities when I was growing up, would I have been as happy as I am now? Step 4: Consolidation I. Multiple choice 1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him. A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent 2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn t be B. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadnt been ill; could be 3. If you had enough money, what ________? A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 4. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 5. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be 6. You didnt take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have made B. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made 7. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 8. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother. A. has e B. did e C. came D. had e 9. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would e to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known 10. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then. A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up II. Translation 1. 如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就恢復(fù)健康了。 ———————————————————————————————— 2．如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語就容易多了。 3．如果她更加努力的話，她就成功了。 ——————————————————————————————————————— 4．萬一他不來，你就代替他。 5． 如果我是你，我就不回這個(gè)電話。 ——————————————————————————————————————— 6． 如果我的女兒不忙的話， 她就會(huì)來幫助你。 ——————————————————————————————————————— Keys I. 1—5 BACBC 6—10 ABDBD II. 1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered. 2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. 3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 4. Should he not e, you would take his place. 5. If I were you, I wouldnt return the call. 6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would e to help you.