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2019-2020年高中英語專項突破 完形填空 固定短語搭配和句式 技能考查簡介 　　　普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力；語言技能和語言知識是綜合語言運用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進行思維和表達的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識和基本的跨文化交際能力。 高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度。” 因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗課程實施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運用所學(xué)語法知識、詞匯辨析能力，常識和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識和能力。具體考查技能如下： 二、 語法知識掌握能力：語法知識的考查主要體現(xiàn)在某些常見的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和固定句式當(dāng)中。 （一）語法知識 （二）固定短語與句式 （八）固定短語搭配和句式 固定短語搭配和句式：在這方面要注意：邏輯搭配(過渡詞，連接手段，指示代詞，肯定，否定等)；語義搭配(區(qū)別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等)；結(jié)構(gòu)搭配(名詞，動詞，形容詞等在句中或文中和其他詞的搭配)；慣用搭配(即通常說的固定短語結(jié)構(gòu))；固定句式也是較長出現(xiàn)的考查方向。 e.g. By bad luck, my purse strap (帶子) got 28 on a chair and the tray (托盤) that…… A．fixed B. caught C. cut D .tied 【解析】考查固定短語搭配。句意為：作者端著食物托盤走向空桌子時，他的錢包帶子掛住了一把椅子，get caught on 掛住，為固定短語。 一、小試牛刀： 1、At the state petition, Lola didn’t fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got 8.1 out of 10---- her highest score yet. 47. A. to B. on C. off D. against 2、 “You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves. 46. A. business B. swimsuit C. friends D. parents 3、Dad 23 . "Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then were 24 .” 23. A. apologized B. cried C. plained D. laughed 24. A. lost B. done C. gone D. touched 4、I became a member of the pany __41__ back to 1925. 41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking 5、Then it 11 me----- I had been giving all of my…… 11. A．hurt B. hit C. caught D .moved 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C?？疾楣潭▌釉~短語搭配。fall off掉下；從......跌落，由下文Lola得了最高分，此處指 Lola沒有從平衡木上掉下來（成功了） 2、【解析】B。 此處考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。mind your own business意為管好你自己的事，或不要多管閑事。 3、【解析】B?？疾楣潭ù钆洹１揪湟馑际牵何覀兠咳恕皟H僅”需要摘十打，然后我們就結(jié)束了。be done是固定用法，意思是“結(jié)束，做完了”。 4、【解析】B?？疾楣潭ù钆洌琩ate back to 追溯至。 5、【解析】B。考查固定句式。it hits/strikes/occurs to sb. 為一個固定句式，意為：某人突然想起。此句意為：然后我腦海里突然想起某事….. 故 B 為正確選項。 二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、The tray, and its contents, 30 on a man who was just about to 31 a bite of his sandwich. 31. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew 2、That is why exercise has been shown to _53_ your self-respect. 53. A. tear down B. build up C. set aside D. give out 3、“What are you doing ?” a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there 44 he spoke . 44. A. when B. until C. after D. once 4、A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and___38__our table, my heart almost stopped ___39__. 38. A. pushed B. approached C. drew D. laid 39. A. beating B. breaking C. sinking D. trembling 5、Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. 47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 【答案解析】 1、【解析】A。考查固定動詞短語搭配。take a bite of =bite. 2、【解析】B。考查固定動詞短語搭配。build up one’s self-respect 增強個人的自尊心，所以選B。 3、【解析】B。 考查固定句型: not…until…(直到…才…)。直到那個人說話，她才知道他在那里。 4、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~短語固定搭配。描述“心臟跳動”的詞只有beat。 5、【解析】D?？疾閯釉~短語固定搭配。pick up 固定搭配，表示學(xué)習(xí)。 三、能力提高： 1、I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I ____38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possible amount. 38. A. crossed B. left C. toured D. searched 39. A. fullest B. largest C. fairest D. cheapest 2、 48 she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path 49 to the house and then on the house itself. 48. A. Until B. As C. While D. Because 49. A. getting B. introducing C. leading D. moving 3、Before long, a car came 44 the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate. 　　44. A. across B. from C. off D. up 4、Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you’re much less likely to make them again. 52. A. if B. and C. but D. before 5、As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday being a __39__ in the pany never left me. 37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended 38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently 39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer 【答案解析】 1、【解析】D。考查固定短語。A. crossed通過，B. left 離開， C. toured 旅游，D. searched尋找，根據(jù)句意：在窮困潦倒時，作者只得到鄉(xiāng)村找個便宜的居所，此處搭配為search…for… 其余均不符。 2、【解析】C?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z搭配。get to 到達；introduce… to 介紹…給…；lead to 通向； move to 朝…移動。本句要表達的是道路與房子的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是這條路通向那所房子，所以選擇C。 3、【解析】D。考查固定短語搭。利用短語分析解題。本段描述新搬來的住戶，因此是路上出現(xiàn)了一輛汽車。A項e across 偶遇 B項e from 來自… … C項e off （計劃等）實現(xiàn)D項e up 走近 ，根據(jù)短語含義及上下文語境，可推知本空D項up正確。 4、【解析】B?？疾楣潭ň湫危浩硎咕? and…。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的錯誤，這樣你就不太可能再次犯這些錯誤。兩句間為順承關(guān)系。 5、【解析】C。固定搭配，expose to，引申為越來越多的接觸到dancing。 四、終極挑戰(zhàn)： 1、On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet with my dad to fill the last 18 from the grocery store. 18. A. order B. form C. gap D. position 2、__37__ perhaps you are interested in the __38___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __39___ of the language. 37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 38. A literature B. transport C. Agriculture D. medicine 39. A view B. knowledge C. form D. database 3、The most valuabe lesson I gain from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. 39. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4、At that time my family lived a stone’s ___40___ from Ismail’s. 40. A. drop B. throw C. move D. roll 5、He 38 the flashlight into the woods and noticed a ladder. 38. A. led B. put C. drove D. shone 【答案解析】 1、【解析】A?？疾閯釉~固定短語。fill an order是一個固定短語，意思是“交付訂貨”，此句的意思是，我跟父親正在田里摘玉米，以便交付雜貨店定的貨。 2、【解析】B?？疾閯釉~固定短語。have a good knowledge of something意為：精通，掌握，對…很熟悉。 3、【解析】B?？疾楣潭ň湫捅磉_。A. and 并且； B. but 但是；C. or 或者；D. so。 所以?！畁ot … but… ’（不是……而是……）是一個常用的句形，意思是，不能單單要尊重法國人，而是要尊重所有的人，轉(zhuǎn)折意思明顯，故選項A正確。 4、【解析】B?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。a stone’s throw 近在咫尺，本句指的是我家當(dāng)時離Ismail的家很近。 5、【解析】D?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。他用電筒往叢林中照。此處shine the flashlight為固定說法，意為“用電筒照”。故選D。