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2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破和能力鞏固 完形填空 句間邏輯推理能力 技能考查簡介 　　普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力；語言技能和語言知識(shí)是綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識(shí)和基本的跨文化交際能力。 高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運(yùn)用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進(jìn)行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度。” 因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗(yàn)課程實(shí)施效果的方法之一。該題型要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)、詞匯辨析能力，常識(shí)和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力。具體考查技能如下： 邏輯推理能力：完形填空對(duì)篇章邏輯推理能力的考查主要表現(xiàn)在考生能否根據(jù)句中，句間甚至是整篇文章的邏輯關(guān)系，比如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等關(guān)系，選出正確選項(xiàng)。主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面： （一）句中邏輯推理能力 （二）句間邏輯推理能力 （三）篇章邏輯推理能力 （四）篇章原詞重現(xiàn) （一）句中邏輯推理能力 句間邏輯推理能力：根據(jù)文中前后句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷推理出正確選項(xiàng)。 e.g. Lisa was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 40 , and so we have e to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 41 for 200 years. 39. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent 40. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief 41. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored 【解析】考查句間的邏輯推理能力。前句的關(guān)鍵詞 the mobile children, 和 from house to house，體現(xiàn)了原因：Lisa 從小居無定所，得出結(jié)論：渴望有家的感覺，根據(jù)這兩者間的因果關(guān)系，得出正確答案為 A。 一、小試牛刀： 1、 As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped 2、He looks around at 22 . He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves. 22. A. cars B. people C. street numbers D. traffic lights 23. A. helps B. chooses C. greets D. sees 3、He looks like any other businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱). But hes 19 . His briefcase always has some gloves。 19. A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curious 4、They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to 28 out of one family’s house and into another. 28. A, move B. travel C. walk D. rush 5、“I hope you’ve learned a lesson. You put us both in 54 , ” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the 55 . 54. A. power B. safety C. danger D. thought 55. A. house B. wave C. beach D. boat 【答案解析】 1、【解析】A?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。由前面句中的 the chair began to roll，推出正是輪子沒有鎖上，才會(huì)滾動(dòng)，故選擇A。 2、【解析】D。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。前句說到他“l(fā)ook around”，此處應(yīng)是看到（sees）某些人。 3、【解析】B。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。前句說他看起來和其他商人差不多，穿著西裝，帶著公文箱，但是他的公文箱里有一些手套，這就與眾不同（different）了。 4、【解析】A。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)前句可知原來的寄宿家庭要出國，那他一定是要‘搬出去’到另一家去，選項(xiàng)A正確。 5、【解析】C?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)前文所描述的情形，女孩處在很危險(xiǎn)的情形中，老人去救她，也是冒著危險(xiǎn)的，因此女孩的舉動(dòng)讓他們都處于危險(xiǎn)（danger）之中。 二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task. 51. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized 52. A. path B. position C. direction D. way 53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra 2、Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. 2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately 3、Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 . 16. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after 17. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor 4、Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a 52 voice. “Hold on ! I’m ing.” 52. A. calm B. frightening C. beautiful D. disgusting 5、I was pletely frustrated and 22 . Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, "If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves!" 22. A. surprised B. nervous C. angry D. frightened 【答案解析】 1、【解析】A。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。前句中的ache, heavy 等詞推斷出本句的task應(yīng)該是不容易的，故選擇A。 2、【解析】B?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。前句說“人類與生俱來具有這種能力（分辨數(shù)字變化的能力）”，后句講“很多鳥類也有很好的數(shù)字感。”，運(yùn)用邏輯推斷可知，這里表示這是“令人驚訝的是”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A“重要的是”，B“令人驚訝的是”，C“令人失望的是”，D“幸運(yùn)的是”；所以答案為B。 3、【解析】A。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。前面說他在藝術(shù)或運(yùn)動(dòng)方面不出名（not famous），然后用but轉(zhuǎn)折，但是人們都知道、了解（know about）他。 4、【解析】A。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。從下面的老人說的“Hold on! I’m ing.”，可見他很平靜，處變不驚，也是為了讓女孩有安全感。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：令人害怕的；美妙的；令人厭惡的，均不符合語境。 5、【解析】C。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。后句的“重重的摔籃子”，然后說“如果雜貨店還要那他們可以自己摘玉米”，這些都可以印證“我”很生氣，而不是A吃驚，B緊張，D害怕。 三、能力提高： 1、Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it. To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. 36. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances 2、He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he 24 , looking for more people with cold 25 . 23. A. helps B. chooses C. greets D. sees 24. A. holds up B. hangs out C. moves on D. turns around 25. A. hands B. ears C. faces D. eyes 3、I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever 40 to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really 41 . 41. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty 4、As I held my fathers hands one night, I couldnt help but notice their calluses(老繭) and roughness. His hinds tell the story of his life as a 16 ， including all his struggles. One summer, I remember, a drought（旱災(zāi)）hit Ontario, turning it into a 17 desert. 16. A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer 17. A. stormy B. lively C. disappearing D. burning 5、What really matters is _55_, not intensity (強(qiáng)度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends. 55. A. time B. length C. form D. frequency 【答案解析】 1、【解析】C?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。句意：為了完善技巧，她一天_____ 四個(gè)小時(shí)，一周五天。聯(lián)系上段中的“gymnast（體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員）”可知，是C項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練”為正確選項(xiàng)。 2、【解析】A?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。前句句意表明他在尋找沒有手套的人，這推出他送給人們的是手套，當(dāng)然是尋找更多手（hands）冷的人了。 3、【解析】B?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)前一句話“I hardly ever talked to anyone else”,可知作者沒有朋友，很孤獨(dú)，故選B。 4、【解析】C。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。前面的句子提到父親的手上滿是老繭很粗糙，推測他的職業(yè)是農(nóng)民最合適，更重要的是，下文中說到了父子在田里摘棉花，更加印證了是農(nóng)民的判斷。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是老師，園丁，農(nóng)民，雜貨商。 5、【解析】D?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。本句意為：關(guān)鍵是鍛煉的頻率而不是鍛煉的強(qiáng)度。下句中的30 minutes five times per week 所表達(dá)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。 四、終極挑戰(zhàn)： 1、By bad luck, my purse strap(帶子) got 28 on a chair and the tray(托盤) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, 30 on a man who was just about to 31 a bite of his sandwich. 28. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied 29. A. by B. in C. from D. out 30. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung 31. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew 2、When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldn’t see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. 39. A. suspected B remembered C. imagined D. noticed 40. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely 3、I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭)，credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing. 36. A. separately B. equally C. violently D. naturally 4、The most valuabe lesson I gain from studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would remend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign culture and gain meaningful 40 . 39. A. and B. but C. or D. so 40. A. instruction B. friendships C. facts D. date 5、According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. 51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population 52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D owing 【答案解析】 1、【解析】B?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。前句說到托盤went flying in the air（托盤連同食物脫手飛了出去），因此，此題描寫的是托盤與食物的墜落fall。 2、【解析】D?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。remember 記得；回想起；suspect 猜疑；懷疑； imagine想象； notice 注意到。根據(jù)下句的句意：所以她媽媽在她3歲的時(shí)候，給她報(bào)名參加了體操訓(xùn)練?？梢酝茢喑霰揪涞木湟鉃椋核膵寢屧谒r(shí)候“注意到”雖然她視力不好，但卻不害怕。故D 為正確選項(xiàng)。 3、【解析】A?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。由此句 “I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else.”作者過去曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)信的美國夢就是大家都在共同的追求中實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的成功。separately單獨(dú)地，個(gè)別地；equally相等地；平等地； 4、【解析】B。考查句子間邏輯推理能力。由前句中的study, respect all people, your next best friend等詞講的都是跟友誼有關(guān)的，故選項(xiàng)B正確 5、【解析】B?？疾榫渥娱g邏輯推理能力。由后句的increased wealth可知本句說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化增加了財(cái)富，也就是減少了貧窮現(xiàn)象。