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走向高考 英語(yǔ),第一部分,微專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練,五 閱讀理解,第一部分,2 推理判斷題,考 向 分 析,考 題 引 路,強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練,2,3,1,Passage 1 (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)ⅡA) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.,Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(靜電)noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.,When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble. 立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文講述了“我”在購(gòu)買(mǎi)彩電時(shí)受售貨員的誤導(dǎo)，買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)自認(rèn)為便宜的彩電，結(jié)果不久，故障頻發(fā)，在采用包括抱起電視晃動(dòng)在內(nèi)的方式解決無(wú)果后，最后不得不求助維修店。本文是記敘文，閱讀此類(lèi)文章的關(guān)鍵是抓住記敘文的主要要素，理清事件發(fā)展的情節(jié)以及人物思想情感的變化。,理結(jié)構(gòu)： Buying a color television→Realizing he was fooled (happy & unhappy) →Describing the good condition of the TV set →Describing the problem arising & the funny solutions (hopeless & humorous) →Turning to the repairman for help (satisfied & humorous),1．Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A．He got an older model than he had expected. B．He couldnt return it when it was broken. C．He could have bought it at a lower price. D．He failed to find any movie shows on it. 答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句．when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.可知，當(dāng)看到報(bào)紙廣告上這款電視機(jī)的價(jià)格更低的時(shí)候，“我”感覺(jué)上當(dāng)了。故選C項(xiàng)。,2．Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1? A．ended all their programs B．provided fewer channels C．changed to commercials D．showed allnight movies 答案：A 詞義猜測(cè)題。此處描述的是彩電剛買(mǎi)回來(lái)時(shí)，性能非常好以至于晚上常常到電視臺(tái)停止播放節(jié)目，“我”才關(guān)上電視。由此可以看出，畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)意為“停止廣播”。下一句Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.也對(duì)此做了解釋?zhuān)蔬xA項(xiàng)。,3．How did the author finally get his TV set working again? A．By shaking and hitting it. B．By turning it on and off. C．By switching channels. D．By having it repaired. 答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now.可知，“我”花費(fèi)62美元才修好電視，故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)是在“我”去維修店之前所采用的辦法，而且并沒(méi)有讓電視機(jī)恢復(fù)工作，故為干擾項(xiàng)。,4．How does the author sound when telling the story? A．Curious. B．Anxious. C．Cautious. D．Humorous. 答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中最后一句Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.和最后一段最后一句．but I keep expecting more trouble.可知，作者語(yǔ)調(diào)幽默，故選D項(xiàng)。,Passage 2 (2014課標(biāo)全國(guó)ⅠC) A typical lion tamer(馴獸師)in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show.In reality, its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.,How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g.lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.,It doesnt have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become.take immediate action.If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.,立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文是一篇議論文，作者通過(guò)討論馴獸師在訓(xùn)練獅子時(shí)的技巧以及獅子面臨的疑惑入手，談?wù)撊藗兠媾R該種境況時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么做。首段介紹馴獸師在訓(xùn)練獅子時(shí)的關(guān)鍵是使用椅子來(lái)分散它的注意力。此處可推斷出馴獸師使用椅子的意圖，也能推測(cè)出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。第二段介紹人們?cè)谏钪幸矔?huì)面臨相似的情況，作者通過(guò)兩個(gè)問(wèn)句引發(fā)讀者的思考，并正式切入主題：人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪忻媾R各種選擇時(shí)也會(huì)感到迷惑，不知如何選擇。第三段為下文的銜接過(guò)渡，講述了作者對(duì)專(zhuān)家的專(zhuān)注點(diǎn)和人們通常采取的措施的想法。,由本段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞confused，conflicting information等可猜測(cè)出作者對(duì)這些專(zhuān)家持“懷疑”的態(tài)度，由此能得出第3題的答案。尾段給出結(jié)論：作者建議人們面臨多種選擇時(shí)要快速作出決定，集中到一點(diǎn)上，并且快速采取行動(dòng)。本部分是議論文的結(jié)論，也是第4題的答案所在。,1．Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A．To trick the lion. B．To show off his skills. C．To get ready for a fight. D．To entertain the audience. 答案：A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.”可知，把椅子放在獅子面前的時(shí)候，它分散了獅子的注意力，結(jié)果使獅子不再攻擊它面前的人了。因此可知，馴獸師用椅子的目的是迷惑獅子。,2．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A．They feel puzzled over choices. B．They hold on to the wrong things. C．They find it hard to make changes. D．They have to do something for show. 答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知，與獅子面臨相似境況的人們即面對(duì)多種選擇的時(shí)候，他們常常會(huì)感到迷茫和困惑。,3．What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Respectful. D．Supportive. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best.”可知，作者對(duì)專(zhuān)家是持懷疑態(tài)度的。,4．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to______. A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habits C．make a quick decision D．a(chǎn)sk for clear guidance 答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get startedtake immediate action.”可知，當(dāng)我們面對(duì)多種選擇的時(shí)候，我們要做的即作者建議我們?nèi)プ龅木褪橇⒓床扇⌒袆?dòng)。,沒(méi)有根據(jù)文章中的有效信息進(jìn)行合理推斷 It was the first snow of winter—an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been able to dress myself for recess(課間休息), but today I would need some help. I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I straggled with my jacket because it didnt fit well. It was a handmedown from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots. ” I didnt realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.,I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected the adult to do all the work. After much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too. I announced，“Theyre on the wrong feet.”With the grace that only experience can bring，she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again.Then I said，“These arent my boots.you know.”As she pulled the offending boots from my feet，she still managed to look both helpful and interested.Once they were off.I said，“They are my brothers boots.My mother makes me wear them，and I hate them！”,Somehow，from long years of practice，she managed to act as though I wasnt an annoying little girl.She pushed and shoved less gently this time，and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet.With a great sigh of relief，seeing the end of her struggle with me，she asked，“Now，where are your gloves？” I looked into her eyes and said.“I didnt want to lose them.so I put them into the toes of my boots.”,Q．What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on? A．The gloves in the toes of the boots. B．The slowness of the teacher. C．The wrong size of the boots. D．The unwillingness of the girl. 易錯(cuò)警示：考生容易誤選D項(xiàng)，認(rèn)為作者不愿意穿她哥哥的靴子而導(dǎo)致老師幫她穿靴子很難，這是一種主觀臆斷。因?yàn)楸M管作者不愿意穿她哥哥留給她的靴子，但是老師在給她穿的時(shí)候，她并沒(méi)有反抗，所以這不是穿靴子困難的原因，其原因是作者把手套放在靴子里面了。,答案：A 做推理判斷題應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)要判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠于原文。切忌主觀臆斷。 (2)要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。 (3)要善于揣摩作者的寫(xiě)作思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。 (4)不可直接選取文中的原句。,