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走向高考 英語,第一部分,微專題強(qiáng)化練,五 閱讀理解,第一部分,1 細(xì)節(jié)理解題,考 向 分 析,考 題 引 路,強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練,2,3,1,Passage 1 (2015課標(biāo)全國ⅠB) The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，F(xiàn)lorida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”．I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(維生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.,Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of coldweather root vegetables—was a 7 a．m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call. The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a．m. to 1 p．m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries；the redpainted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all，the tomatoes: amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.,Disappointed by many a broken，vineripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.,Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.,立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文是記敘文。講的是作者在冬天離開寒冷的紐約到佛羅里達(dá)州的薩拉索塔的經(jīng)歷。那里氣候宜人，水果蔬菜新鮮美味。對(duì)第一段第一句的正確理解有助于理解全文。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，The freezing Northeast指的就是New York，由此可推斷出第1題的答案。第三段主要講述了在冬天，寒冷的紐約的西紅柿和溫暖的薩拉索塔的西紅柿口味大不相同。根據(jù)第二句可知，紐約的西紅柿只是看起來誘人，實(shí)際上又干又硬，沒有味道。,1．What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A．Exciting. B．Boring. C．Relaxing. D．Annoying. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so.可知，紐約不是一個(gè)過冬的好地方，選項(xiàng)中與句中的hasnt been a terribly fun相對(duì)應(yīng)的是boring，故選B項(xiàng)。,2．What made the authors getting up early worthwhile? A．Having a swim. B．Breathing in fresh air. C．Walking in the morning sun. D．Visiting a local farmers market. 答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句．a(chǎn) 7 a. m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.可知，作者早上7點(diǎn)去農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是很值得早起的事情，故選D項(xiàng)。,3．What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A．They are soft. B．They look nice. C．They taste great. D．They are juicy. 答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，在冬季，紐約的西紅柿只是外表吸引人，買回家之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)它們又干又硬，而且無味，故選B項(xiàng)。,4．What was the author going to do that evening? A．Go to a farm. B．Check into a hotel. C．Eat in a restaurant. D．Buy fresh vegetables. 答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句．a(chǎn) newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.可知，作者晚上要在餐館吃飯，故選C項(xiàng)。,Passage 2 (2014課標(biāo)全國ⅠA) The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.,Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday，F(xiàn)ebruary 8th.,Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//cambridgesciencefestival.org.,文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則通知，告訴大家“劍橋科學(xué)節(jié)第六屆好奇心挑戰(zhàn)賽”即將開始，同時(shí)介紹了大賽的參賽人員、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法等相關(guān)事項(xiàng)。解答此類體裁文章的試題時(shí)宜采用“題干定位法”，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題的要求，有針對(duì)性地結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到文中，這樣便能快速尋找有效信息，然后再將原文和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。本文中第1、2題宜采用“題干定位法”。本文第一段是全文的主題段落。第一段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞inform提示寫作意圖，告訴我們這是一個(gè)通知。,第二句給出了活動(dòng)參與對(duì)象和內(nèi)容，即第1題的答案線索所在。文章的第二段、第三段和第四段分別提到了參賽作品的形式、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方法以及閉幕式的一些信息。第三段第一句介紹了選手獲獎(jiǎng)后的活動(dòng)，并說明了頒獎(jiǎng)儀式舉行的時(shí)間。,1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A．School students. B．Cambridge locals. C．CSF winners. D．MIT artists. 答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14.”以及第三段“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge.”可知，學(xué)校的學(xué)生可以參加好奇心挑戰(zhàn)。,2．When will the prizegiving ceremony be held? A．On February 8th. B．On March 10th. C．On March 15th. D．On April 21st. 答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.”獲勝的學(xué)生將參與4月21日在星期天舉行的特別頒獎(jiǎng)典禮，因此可知頒獎(jiǎng)典禮將在4月21日舉行。,3．What type of writing is this text? A．An exhibition guide. B．An art show review. C．An announcement. D．An official report. 答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容介紹的是第六屆劍橋科技節(jié)賽事的相關(guān)情況，再結(jié)合文章結(jié)尾處最后一句話說的是此項(xiàng)賽事的指導(dǎo)方針以及其他相關(guān)信息可登陸給定的網(wǎng)址查詢，由此可推斷出本文應(yīng)該是一篇公告。,信息錯(cuò)位，忽視題干 It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether.,Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most coolheaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and is so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.,However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies. An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic steam without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.,Unfortunately, modern drivers cant even learn to drive. Let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more giveandtake from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to hear. Q．According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by ________. A．traffic jams B．great speed of modern life C．the behavior of the drivers D．terrible road conditions,錯(cuò)誤分析：容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)槲恼麻_頭說到It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, “我們?nèi)プ肪拷煌〒矶?、汽油漲價(jià)和生活節(jié)奏過快都是合理的”。因此A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)的信息在文章中都存在。但是并沒有證據(jù)證明這兩個(gè)信息是可以回答路上麻煩的原因的，因此說這兩個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)都和題干無關(guān)。學(xué)生由于把主要精力都放在選擇正確答案上，因此一旦找到了敘述與短文事實(shí)相符的選項(xiàng)，就盲目地選它為答案，忽視了題目到底問什么，從而使所選答案答非所問。,答案：C 此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，考查文章中某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)問題。做這一類題的時(shí)候，要找出題干中的中心詞，在文章中尋找出現(xiàn)這一中心詞的位置并理解意思，然后對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)與其最相符。這類題出現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)是，不管是問題的設(shè)置還是選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置可能都不會(huì)和原文一模一樣，而是有一定變化，如用其同義詞進(jìn)行表達(dá)。比如此題，題干的中心詞是troubles, 但是我們在文中并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)troubles, 卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的同義詞quarrelling and fighting。原句說a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. “些許的禮貌就會(huì)很大程度上降低吵架和打架發(fā)生的可能性。”而全文是講司機(jī)的禮貌問題的，所以可以推斷問題發(fā)生是司機(jī)不禮貌引起的，而C選項(xiàng)“司機(jī)的舉止”和答案最接近，因此選C。,