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一,二,三,一、表示邏輯聯(lián)系的并列連詞 由并列連詞將兩個或兩個以上平等關(guān)系的簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)模式是:簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。 1.聯(lián)合或遞進關(guān)系 常用的連詞有and(同,和),not only.but (also).(不僅……而且……),neither.nor.(既不……也不……),as well as(既……又……;以及)等。如: He helps me and I help him.他幫我,我?guī)退?Not only did he give us a lot of advice,but he also helped us to study English. 他不僅給了我們很多建議,并且還幫助我們學英語。,一,二,三,2.選擇關(guān)系 常用的連詞有or(或者,否則),otherwise(否則),or else(否則),either.or(不是……就是)。如: Hurry up,or (else) you’ll be late. 快點兒,否則就會遲到了。 Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 他那時還在那里還是已經(jīng)走了? 3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 常用的連詞有but(但是,可是,只是因為),while(而,卻),yet(可是)等。如: It never rains but it pours.禍不單行。 I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜歡喝茶而她喜歡喝咖啡。(while強調(diào)兩者的對比) She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time. 她說她會遲到,但她卻準時到達了。,一,二,三,(1)副詞still(仍然),however(然而)也表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 He is good-natured;still I don’t like him. 他脾氣很好,可是我還是不喜歡他。 The book is expensive;however,it’s worth it. 這本書很貴;卻很值。 (2) but,while不與although連用,但yet,still可與although連用。 Although she felt ill,she still went to work. 她雖然感覺不舒服,但她仍然去上班。,一,二,三,4.因果關(guān)系 常用的連詞有for(因為)和so(所以,因此)等。如: I am thirsty,for it is hot. 我口渴,因為天氣太熱。 The manager was ill,so I went in her place. 經(jīng)理病了,所以我代她去。 5.when(=and just at this time)用作并列連詞意思是“就在這時/那時”,主要用于was/were doing sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did等句型中,表示“當某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在這時突然又發(fā)生了另一件事”。 I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要離開,電話鈴響了。,一,二,三,二、狀語從句的類型以及連詞的選擇 狀語從句可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較、目的狀語從句等。通過主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷狀語從句的類型,再根據(jù)意義選擇使用恰當?shù)倪B接詞。同時,要注意主從句時態(tài)搭配的問題。當主句用一般將來時態(tài)時,狀語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,有時亦可用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。,一,二,三,1.引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞 (1) 表示“當……時候”或“每當”的時間連詞。主要的有when,while,as,whenever。如: Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時不要說話。 Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鮮時最好吃。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走時他來了。,一,二,三,when,while與as引導時間狀語從句的區(qū)別 當主句動作是非延續(xù)的,從句動作是延續(xù)的時,三者都可以用。 as強調(diào)主、從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 while從句的謂語必須是延續(xù)的,不能是非延續(xù)性動詞。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.,一,二,三,(2) 表示“在……之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。主要的有before,after。如: Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。 After we have finished tea,we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。 (3) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時間連詞。主要的有since,until,till。如: She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。 Hold on until I fetch help.堅持一下,等我找人來幫忙。 Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.(諺)不要無事惹事。,一,二,三,(4) 表示“一……就……”的時間連詞主要的有as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,no sooner.than,hardly.when等。如: I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。 The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。 I came immediately I heard the news. 我一聽到這個消息,馬上就來了。 Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦開始,便不可停下來。,一,二,三,(5) 表示“上次”“下次”“每次”等的時間連詞。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次見到他時,我就把這個情況告訴他。 We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每當我們洗手的時候,我們都要損失一些皮膚細胞。 You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時都可以給我打電話。,一,二,三,2.引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if,unless,as/so long as,in case,once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),suppose/supposing (that) 等。如: Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來。 As long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高興,你做什么都沒關(guān)系。 In case it rains they will stay at home. 萬一下雨,他們就待在家里。,一,二,三,3.引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that,so that,in case(以免,以防),for fear等。如: He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每個人都能聽見。 Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 帶上雨傘,以防下雨。 4.引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that,so.that,such.that等。如: I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早,所以找了個好座位。 I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了許多跤,以至于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。,一,二,三,5.引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because,as,since,seeing (that),now (that),considering (that),in that等。表示“因為”的連詞不能與表示“所以”的 so 連用。,because,since,as,for的用法區(qū)別 (1)because的語氣最強,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的問題、引導表語從句、用于強調(diào)句等,而其余三者均不行: “Why didn’t he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他為什么沒來?”“因為他病了?！?It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因為他誠實我才喜歡他。 (2) since側(cè)重主句,從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由,常譯為“因為”、“既然”,語氣比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一種含有勉強語氣的原因。如: Since he asks you,you’ll tell him why. 他既然問你,那就告訴他為什么吧。,一,二,三,(3) as是常用詞,它表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實或顯而易見的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含義與since相同,但語氣更弱,沒有since正式,常譯為“由于,鑒于”。從句說明原因,主句說明結(jié)果,主從并重。例如: As I had a cold,I was absent from school. 因為我感冒了,所以沒去上課。 (4)for可表示因果關(guān)系,也可對前面分句的內(nèi)容進行解釋或推斷,此時不能與because換用。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下過雨,你看今早上地面是濕的。,一,二,三,6.引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although,though,even though,even if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whether.or.等。如: Although they are twins,they look entirely different. 他們雖是孿生,但是相貌卻完全不同。 You won’t move that stone,however strong you are. 不管你力氣多大,也休想搬動那塊石頭。 Whatever we have achieved,we owe to your support. 我們?nèi)〉玫囊磺谐删投細w功于你們的支持。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你相信與否,那都是真的。,一,二,三,(1)though引導讓步狀語從句時,可用正常語序,也可用倒裝語序;as引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序,即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首,若表語是單數(shù)名詞,前置時要省略冠詞。 Happy as they were,there was something missing. 盡管他們很快樂,但總?cè)鄙冱c什么。 (2)although與though都可以與yet,still連用,但不能和but連用。though還可以作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。 I’ve a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though. 我有點感冒,不過不太嚴重。 (3)while引導讓步狀語從句時,一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 盡管我承認有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。,一,二,三,7.引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as,as if,as though,the way等。如: Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢? He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他將鐵棍折彎,仿佛那是用橡膠做成的。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 沒有人像我這樣愛你。,一,二,三,8.引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。如: I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。 Everywhere I go,I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。 9.引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as.as。如: She is now happier than she has ever been. 現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時候都快活。 He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那樣努力。,一,二,三,三、狀語從句的幾個常見句型 1.before 表示“在……之前,還沒……就……;……才……;趁……,還沒來得及……”,常用句型為: It will (not) be+一段時間+before. 過……時間才……/沒過……時間就…… It was not long before.不久……就…… It was+時間段+before.過了……(時間)才…… It will be two years before he leaves the country. 再過兩年他才會離開這個國家。 It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 不到兩年他就離開了這個國家。,一,二,三,2.since表示“自從……以來”,常用句型為: It is/has been+一段時間+since.(從句用一般過去時) It was+一段時間+since.(從句用過去完成時) since引導的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動詞,所表示的動作自從句謂語動作算起;若用延續(xù)性動詞,所表示的動作自動作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時算起。 It’s two years since we arrived here. 我們到這兒兩年了。 It’s three years since we lived here. 我們不住在這里有三年了。 3.It be +時間點+when.表示“當……時,時間是……”。 It was five o’clock when he got home. 他回到家時已是五點了。(比較強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It was at five o’clock that he got home.),一,二,三,4.such.that 的常用句型 such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that. such +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that. such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+that. 注意“so many (much,few,little) +名詞”,“such a lot of (或lots of)+名詞”是習慣用法。 She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. 她如此可愛,我們都喜歡她。 5.so+形容詞或副詞+that. so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that. It was so hot a day that we all went swimming. 天如此熱,我們都去游泳了。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓練) 1.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. 2. the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year. 3.You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work. 4.Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed. 5.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 6.The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left I could ask for their names.,before,Even though/if,unless,though,when,before,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,7.I’ll be out for some time. anything important happens,call me up immediately. 8. you start eating in a healthier way,weight control will become much easier. 9.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family. 10.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.,In case,Once,so that,where,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.How can a person recover from emotional problems?A popular opinion suggests that he watch humorous films.And a recent study proves this to be wrong. 2.Influenced by them,I read widely during my early age,but I’ve developed a great interest in arts and sports. 3.The American Indians were not always friends of the Dutch,nor were the English.But the Dutch built the wooden wall to protect themselves. 4.When I said thanks to her,and she gave me a big smile. 5.I got extremely interested in foreign cultures or customs.,答案: And→But,答案:but→and,答案:ut→So,答案:去掉When或and,答案:r→and,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages;so can his wife. 7.Last summer I went to Xi’an with my parents.We visited many places of interest as the temperature was over 38℃. 8.He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son as if he wants to. 9.Until we have enough evidence,we can’t win the case. 10.She was such a proud person that she would die after she would admit she was wrong.,答案:so→neither/nor,答案:as→though,答案:as →even,答案:Until→Unless,答案:after→before,