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2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教案 一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上沒多大區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在和過去時(shí)，而be able to則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could而用was/were able to來表示。這時(shí)was/were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to，表示經(jīng)過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。如： Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時(shí)則用can。如： Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isn’t he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大) — He might be sick.(生病的可能性較小) ②may/might表示“允許”，may用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，might常用在間接引語中表過去時(shí)，但might也可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，表示比較委婉的語氣，回答用may。如： He says we may leave. He said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建議或請(qǐng)求，但might比may更客氣，意思更肯定而無過去時(shí)態(tài)的含義。 Yes, you can / may. —May / Might I use your bike? — No, you mustn’t （3）must ①must表示必須，應(yīng)該，沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化。如： You must do everything as I do. ②must表示肯定的推測(cè)。如： The light is still on, so he must be at home. ③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如： You mustn’t smoke in the office. （4）have to have to 表示“必須、不得不”，是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的事“必須”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)中。如： You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be at my office every evening. （5）should / ought to ①should和ought to表示應(yīng)當(dāng)、應(yīng)該，前者比后者語氣輕。如： You should / ought to work hard. ②should / ought to work hard. Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom. ③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如： Children shouldn’t smoke. ④should可表示陳述意見，推出建議或請(qǐng)求；而ought to可以表示勸告之意。如： You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once. （6）will / would ①will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式won’t + 動(dòng)詞。如： I will tell you all about it. Tom won’t do such a thing. ②will用于疑問句中，常用在第二稱時(shí)表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求”或“詢問”如： Will you please tell her the news when you see her? ③will 表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如： Fish will die out of water. ④would 表示客氣的請(qǐng)求、建議或意愿。如： Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? ⑤would 表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. （7）need need 作“必要”講，既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同。如： I need to think it over. —Need you go now? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t （8）dare dare表示“敢”的意思。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用在疑問句和否定句中。dare若作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面可帶to的不定式，此時(shí)to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如： How dare you say that? She doesn’t date(to)ask her father. （9）used to used to表示過去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在了。如： He used to smoke. （10）shall ①shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制”和“允許”等意思。如： We shall do as our teacher says. You shall have the book as soon as I finish it. ②在疑問句中，shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見或請(qǐng)求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如： Where shall he wait for us? Shall we go out for a walk? 2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)或判斷的用法 下表即是表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用的場(chǎng)合： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 對(duì)現(xiàn)在和未來的推測(cè) 對(duì)過去的推測(cè) 使 用 場(chǎng) 合 must must + 動(dòng)詞原形 must have done 肯定句 may / might may / might + 動(dòng)詞原形 May / might have done 肯定句、否定句 can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑問名（could可用于肯定句） should 用來表示一種估計(jì)的情況“按理會(huì)/估計(jì)會(huì)”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑問句 例如： It must have rained last night. She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home. She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home. They should be there right now. 3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語氣中的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣中表示責(zé)備的感情色彩，用法如下： （1）should have done表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而shouldn’t have done則表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如： You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本應(yīng)該……”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如： You ought to have told me about it earlier. You ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）needn’t have done表示“本無必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如： You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. （4）could have done表示“本來有可能……而事實(shí)上未做到”。如： I could have e on time, but my car broke on the way. 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET xx) A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn‘t have left D. needn’t have 解析：答案為B。本題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實(shí)非常擔(dān)心你”，因此后面可知應(yīng)是責(zé)備you不應(yīng)該沒說一句話就離開了。 2.—Are you ing to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I__________ go to the concert instead. (NMET xx) A. must B. would C. should D. might 解析：答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。由題目中“I’m not sure”,表明我可能去Jeff’s party，也可能去音樂會(huì)，故用might。 3. —Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry, ____________. My brother is ing to see me.(NMET 99) A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t 解析：答案為B。本題考查表示請(qǐng)求的英語口語，用will來向第二人稱提問的疑問結(jié)構(gòu)，是表示一種請(qǐng)求和意愿，是用疑問的形式來表達(dá)較為婉轉(zhuǎn)的祈使語氣，意思是“請(qǐng)你……，好嗎”，對(duì)于這種問句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I’d like to, but …等。注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問句中的問與答。 4.—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? —No, it be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not 解析：答案為A。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。問：那邊的難道不是Ann的丈夫嗎？答：不是。不可能是他，我確信他不戴眼鏡。 5.You be tired－you’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not 解析：答案為C。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句中破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容對(duì)前一句進(jìn)行解釋說明：你只工作了一個(gè)小時(shí)，所以你不可能累的。表否定推測(cè)時(shí)用can’t。A項(xiàng)表禁止（不許），B項(xiàng)表未來，D項(xiàng)表不允許。均不可用，故選C。 6.I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I report it to the police？ A. should B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：答案為A。本題考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故問：你是否認(rèn)為我應(yīng)當(dāng)把這事兒報(bào)告給警察？應(yīng)用A。