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1、語篇型語法填空題方法小議
今年的語篇型語法填空是一種新題型, 具有一定的創(chuàng)新意義。主要的創(chuàng)新在于:在語篇層面上考查語言知識, 符合新課標(biāo)倡導(dǎo)的語言學(xué)習(xí)理念;試題設(shè)計(jì)采用了填空方式, 而不是單項(xiàng)選擇, 真正激活了學(xué)生的語言知識及應(yīng)用能力, 對中學(xué)英語教學(xué)有較好的反撥作用;考試內(nèi)容不僅涉及句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu), 還包括構(gòu)詞法、篇章連貫和意義對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的制約作用(比如:代詞的指稱涉及篇章的連貫等), 符合語言真實(shí)性的要求, 讓學(xué)生在更加真實(shí)的語境中應(yīng)用自己的語言知識。那么對于這種新的題型,我們應(yīng)該怎樣解決呢?
首先,要
2、了解所要考察的知識點(diǎn)。主要考查的知識點(diǎn):一是語法,二是上下文的連貫性,而且語法是重點(diǎn)。它主要考查考生對高中英語大綱要求的基本語法知識、詞匯、習(xí)語和較為簡單的英語表達(dá)方式的掌握和邏輯推理能力等。其命題特點(diǎn)如下:
1. 短文長度。在150—200詞,
2. 考查篇章理解。語法填空是以短文或?qū)υ挒檩d體,考查語法的同時,也考查了考生對語篇的理解。
3. 考查基礎(chǔ)語法。所填詞語既要意思連貫和富有邏輯性(符合語境), 又要語法正確。重點(diǎn)考查動詞、代詞、介詞、冠詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等基礎(chǔ)知識。
其次,要了解考察的范圍。
1.語法填空的考查范圍
(1)語境(上下文);
(2)語法:動詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞
3、、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。
①動詞:時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語動詞等;
②引導(dǎo)詞:一些從句的使用, 如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等;
③形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞之間的詞型、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換, 形容詞與副詞的比較級、最高級等;④介詞:一些常用介詞的基本用法、介詞短語的用法;
⑤名詞、冠詞:注意名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及冠詞的特殊性用法;
⑥代詞:注意代詞所指代的對象和前后對應(yīng)的關(guān)系;
⑦并列詞:and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、對比的詞, 以及表示承接、轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞therefore, however的
4、用法;
⑧句型:要求歸納整理, 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型, 如: not...until...; not only...but (also)...; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...;more...than...; neither...nor...;such...that...;hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。
2.如何做純空格題型
考生需要根據(jù)語境在每個空格處填入一個合適的詞,主要考查連詞、介詞、代詞、冠詞等。
a.根據(jù)語境判斷詞義
通過句意或語篇的要求確定
5、單詞的含義,此種設(shè)計(jì)考查點(diǎn)包括實(shí)詞和虛詞。值得注意的是,有時通過句子本身或上下兩個句子就可以確定詞義,但有時要通過幾個句子、一個段落甚至整個篇章結(jié)構(gòu)才能確定。判斷詞義可以通過定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定。
b.根據(jù)句子類型確定詞類
若兩個或幾個簡單句之間是逗號,可以判斷,一定是填連詞。連詞有兩類,一種是并列連詞,一種是從屬連詞。我們可以根據(jù)句子的類型判斷所要填的詞類。
并列句:一般由“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”構(gòu)成,有時并列連詞前有逗號,可以根據(jù)上下句的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系判斷連詞,如同等關(guān)系(and)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but)、選擇關(guān)系(or)、因果關(guān)系(so)等。
c.謂語主要是由動詞充
6、當(dāng)。在確定詞義后,要判斷其時態(tài)和語態(tài)。時態(tài)一般只考查一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。但有時也可能涉及非謂語動詞。
3.給出提示詞題型
a.提示詞是動詞
當(dāng)括號內(nèi)提供的是動詞時,主要判斷其是謂語還是非謂語。
(1)當(dāng)考查的是謂語時,首先要判斷其時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
(2)如果考查非謂語,要判斷非謂語在句中的成分,根據(jù)不同成分使用適當(dāng)?shù)男问?,其中使?ing形式和ed形式較多,有時也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式。
b.提示詞是形容詞或副詞
如果括號內(nèi)提供的是形容詞,一般是考查副詞,即要變成副詞形式;如果括號內(nèi)提供的是副詞,一般是考查形容詞,即要變成形容詞
7、形式。但有時也要根據(jù)語境判斷是否要變成名詞或否定含義。
c.提示詞是名詞
當(dāng)括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞時,一般考查其形容詞形式,但有時也可能考查其副詞、動詞等形式。
總之我們可以遵循以下原則: 動詞形,名詞數(shù)。還要注意形和副。無詞考慮冠、介、連、代、副。以上方法只是我的一點(diǎn)淺顯之見,如有不妥的地方,望能給予批評指正。
語篇填空練習(xí)
1.
Good afternoon, my dear friends.
My name is Li Jin. I’m outgoing and get 1 well with my classmates and teachers
8、. I am 2 (skill) in organizing all kinds of activities. I’d like to run 3 the vice president of the English club in our school. I know as the vice president, I must do the 4 (follow) things for the club: I will try to make 5 known to every student and more students 6 (involve) in the act
9、ivities organized by the club. Also, 7 (improve) our English and get 8 (many) students interested in English, I intend to organize some activities at school like lectures and English parties and inter-school 9 such as English debate competitions and speech contests. I hope all of you 10 (
10、vote) for me.
Thank you.
2.
As 1 (know) to us all, 2 the improvement of people’s living standards, cars 3 (become)a popular means of transport, 4 (bring) great convenience to our life. 5 , they have also caused
11、some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve the problems then? As far as I 6 (concern) , bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For 7 ,bicycles are 8 (environment) friendly because they won’t give o
12、ff waste gas. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
9 , let’s take the 10 (responsible) to build up a carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us!
Thank you!
3.
In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates recommen
13、ded a quote to us,
1 goes like this; "Your future depends on many things, 2 mostly on you. " I cant agree 3 (much) with this view. Its true that our future 4 (determine) by many things, such as opportunities and help from others, but our own attitude, determination, 5 ha
14、rd work play a more important role. In 6 words, we are the master of our own future.
Take Abraham Lincoln, for example. He was born in a poor family, and only received a 7 (limit) education in his childhood. Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America. 8 to this day. Lincoln 9 (regard) as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. 10 , I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.
3