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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語氣（二）,設(shè)類型,if,條件從句,謂語動詞形式,主句,謂語動詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實相反,過去時,(be,用,were,而不用,was),過去將來時,should/would do,或：,could/might do,I am not a bird.If I were a bird,I could fly.,我不是一只鳥。如果我是一只鳥，我就會飛。,與過去,事實相反,過去完成時,had done,過去將來完成時,should/would/could/might have

2、done,He failed in the exam again.If he had studied hard,he would have passed the exam.,他考不及格了，如果他努力的話，他就考試過關(guān)。,與將來,事實相反,過去時,或,should do/were to do,過去將來時,should/would do,或：,could/might do,It will not rain tomorrow.If it rained,he would stay at home.,明天不下雨。如果明天下雨的話，他就呆在家,虛擬語氣知識回顧,觀察哪句是錯綜時間的虛擬語氣,設(shè)類型,if,

3、條件從句,謂語動詞形式,主句,謂語動詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實相反,過去時,(be,用,were,而不用,was),過去將來時,should/would do,或：,could/might do,與過去,事實相反,過去完成時,had done,過去將來完成時,should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果你當(dāng)初聽醫(yī)生的話,現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)好了。,(,從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would be,all right now.,1.,如果你當(dāng)初聽醫(yī)生的話,你那時就已經(jīng)好了。,(,從

4、句與過去事實相反,主句與過去事實相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would have been,all,right now.,我是錯綜時間,觀察哪句是錯綜時間的虛擬語氣,設(shè)類型,if,條件從句,謂語動詞形式,主句,謂語動詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實相反,過去時,(be,用,were,而不用,was),過去將來時,should/would do,或：,could/might do,與過去,事實相反,過去完成時,had done,過去將來完成時,should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果我是你的話,我就不會錯過

5、昨晚那場電影。,(,從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,主句與過去事實相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,wouldnt have missed,the movie.,1.,如果我是你的話,我就去看電影。,(,從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,would go,to see the movie.,我是錯綜時間,1,、錯綜時間虛擬語氣,-,事實和假設(shè)的混合,事實：,I,fully occupied.,上周我本來會和她去北京的，但我太忙了。,假設(shè)和事實混合：,上周我沒有和她去北京，我太忙了。,I to Beijing with her last week.,

6、I to Beijing with her last,week,but I,fully occupied.,didnt go,was,would have gone,was,我是假設(shè)，是虛擬語氣,我是事實，是陳述語氣,一、虛擬條件句的幾種特,殊情況,2,、含蓄虛擬條件句,=,air,，,no one could live.,1)If there were no air,，,no one could live.,2)If it hadnt been for his help,，,I would have failed,.,沒有空氣，人就不能活。,要不是有他的幫助，我就會失敗了。,=,his he

7、lp,，,I would have failed.,含蓄條件句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件,if,從句，,而利用其他暗示存在虛擬條件。常見有介詞或介詞短語，如,without,，,but for,，,but that,等，,都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為,if,引導(dǎo)的條件句。,Without,But for/that,2,、含蓄虛擬條件句,=I didnt know that he was a cheat,，,_,I,wouldnt have believed him.,3)If I had known he was a cheat,I wouldnt have,believed him.,),我不知道他是個騙子，不然

8、我也不會相信,他了。,含蓄條件句中通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有,but,，,otherwise,，,or,，,or else,等詞。,or else,4)If I were not so busy,I would certainly go,there with you.,=,Im really very busy,，,_ I would,certainly go there with you.,otherwise,=_ I a bird,，,I could fly freely.,1)If I were a bird,，,I could fly freely.,假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由

9、翱翔。,Were,2)If it should rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,=,_ it rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,3,、虛擬條件句中的倒裝,Should,要是下周下雨的話，我們就推遲運(yùn)動會。,3)If we had known each other earlier,，,I would have,helped you to set up the company.,=_ we known each other earlier,，,I w

10、ould,have helped you to set up the company.,如果我們早就認(rèn)識的話，我就幫助你開辦公司了。,Had,當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語中有,were,，,had,或,should,時，可以將從屬連詞,if,省略，同時將,were,，,had,或,should,放到,主語之前，構(gòu)成半倒裝。,二、其他從句中的虛擬語氣,1,主語從句中的虛擬語氣,句型：,It is+adj./n./V-ed,+that,從句,It is very strange that he should not come.,很奇怪，他竟然沒有來。,It is a pity that we should

11、not meet last night.,真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。,在表示驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，,謂語動詞用,(should,),動詞原形，,主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。形容詞有：,disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/curious/important/strange/proper/necessary/natural,2,主語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣,1)My suggestion is that we,(should)go,there at once.,我的建議是我們應(yīng)該立即去那里。,2)

12、We followed his advice that we,should ask,our teacher for help.,我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助。,表示請求、要求、命令、建議等的名詞,advice,，,desire,，,decision,，,idea,，,instruction,，,order,，,plan,，,proposal,，,recommendation,，,request,，,requirement,，,suggestion,，,wish,等充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語從句時要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用,(should,),動詞原形。,3,方

13、式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣,1)They,began to talk,warmly as if they,had known,each other for long.,他們開始熱烈地談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久,2)He,coughed,twice as if someone,should come,.,他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。,表示動作所發(fā)生的時間,謂語動詞的虛擬形式,動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前,had,過去分詞,動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生,一般過去時,(be,動詞用,were),動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后,would/could/should/might,動詞原形,*,從句動作“認(rèn)識”發(fā)生在主句動

14、作“交談”之前，用,過去完成時,*,從句動作“來”發(fā)生在主句動作“咳嗽”之后，用,過去將來時,三、虛擬語氣的其他用法,1,It is high time that we,had,supper.,我們該吃晚飯了。,*,句型：,It is(high/about)time that.that,從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用,過去時,或“,should,動詞原形,”，,should,不可省略,。,2,If only I,were,a flying bird!,如果我是一只飛鳥該多好啊！,If only I,had seen,the film!,如果我看過那部電影該多好啊！,在,if only,引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

15、中也要求用虛擬語氣。表示與,現(xiàn)在或未來,事實相反的愿望用,一般過去時,或“,would/could,動詞原形,”；表示與,過去,事實相反的愿望用,過去完成時,，常譯為“要是,就好了”。,.,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1,If I had studied science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,2,The teacher required all work

16、 to be finished before school was over.,The teacher required that all work,before school was over.,3,If I hadnt run all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,I,all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,4,If he were an eagle,，,he could fly everywhere.,，,he could fly everywhere.,Had I studied,be finished,ran,otherwise,Were he an eagle,5,If it hadnt been for the teachers help,，,I wouldnt have made so much progress.,the teachers