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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,閱讀理解解題技巧,主旨大意型,有關閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種,:,命 題 類,主旨大意,事實細節(jié),詞 義 猜 測,推 理 判 斷,作 者 的 態(tài) 度 意 圖,主旨大意型,考查學生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章主旨大意的能力。,一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題,標題或目的設題。,一、設題方式,1),主題型,主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式,The,main idea,of the passage is,The passage is,mainly about,What is the passa

2、ge,mainly about,?,Which of the following statements best,expresses the main idea,of the passage?,2),目的類,主旨大意題,The passage is,meant to,The,purpose,of this article is to,The author intends to.,3),標題類,主旨大意題,The,best title,for the passage might be,二、如何做主旨大意題,1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有,標題,，,標題中蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。,2),找準

3、文章的主題句是關鍵,。,“主題句定位法”,是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：,讀首句,抓大意,讀尾句,抓大意,讀首尾段,抓大意,3.)無明顯主題句時,高頻信息詞,任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個,反復出現(xiàn)的,中心詞，即高頻詞,，,也叫做主題詞,。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1)關注一些表征強轉折關系的連詞,“but,yet,however,infact,indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。,2)關注一些表征總結性，結論性的詞：,“inbrief/short,above/in/after/allinall,concl

4、usion,in a word”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。,3)如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點看其后的賓語從句。,注意排除干擾項,1.,干擾項,可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。,2.,干擾項,可能屬從文中某些,(,不完全的,),事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。,3.,干擾項,可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。,(,正確答案,),是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。,練習：,劃出主題句和主題詞。,1.,People,have different tastes in food.Some feel that they

5、 havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger

6、 or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主題句在,段首,一個主題句常常是一個段落的,開頭,，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在,論說文,，,科技文獻,和,新聞報道,中多采用這種格式。,2,.,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one

7、teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在,段尾,。,作者先擺出事實依據(jù),，,層層推理論證,，,最后自然得出,結論,，,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在,結尾句,得到體現(xiàn),，,它是此段內(nèi)容的結論。,3.,Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.”Shu said.

8、,“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.”Shu said.,（,3,）,首尾呼應,為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾呼應的寫作方式也較為多見,.,通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復,后面的表述往往有,進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味,.,4,.,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventio

9、ns are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.,A,camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（4）在短文,中間,當主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出,

10、問題,，文中的,主題,由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出,而后又作進一步的,解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.,5,.,A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system,As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,The two tunnels are about 20 meters below t

11、he surface and are 12 meters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.,In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the tunnel,The wall is made up of fou

12、r main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface.Other

13、 systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.,(5),從段落中,尋找高頻率詞,任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，,許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出,現(xiàn)的中心詞，即,高頻詞,，,也叫,做主題詞,The passage is mainly about _.,A.the construction of a road,B.the design of a road,C.the construction of two,railway,s,D.the design of two tunnels,1.,Lung cance,r is

14、 the worst cancer killer in America.About 160,440 Americans die each year from it.More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related,according to the,Lung Cancer Organization,.,Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer,Smoking is a bad habit,LCO,advises people to stop smoking,Why did,people,die of

15、 Lung cancer?,The main idea of the passage is _.,practice,2.,Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.,Name or no name?The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement,a c

16、laim or an accusation.We all want to honor our own name,and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say.,The passage is mainly about_.,A.honor and writers,B.identity and signature,C.signature(簽名)and responsibility,D.anonymity and signature,3.,Forget Twitter and Facebook,Google and the Kindle.Television is still the most influential medium around.Indeed,for many of the poorest regions(地區(qū))of the world,it remains the next big thingfinally becomes glob