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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,*,*,*,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),第一章,物流與供應(yīng)鏈,1,學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),理解物流的定義,理解物流的經(jīng)濟(jì)重要性,了解最新事件及它們對(duì)物流實(shí)踐的影響,2,學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),理解公司內(nèi)的物流實(shí)踐,了解不同的定價(jià)策略,了解物流職業(yè),3,Table 1-1:,與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值相關(guān)的企業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)成本,Year,Inventory Carrying Costs,Transportation Costs,Administrative Costs,Total U.S.Logistics Cost,Logistics As a Percentage of GDP,

2、1960,31,44,3,78,14.7,1965,38,64,4,106,14.7,1970,56,91,6,153,14.7,1975,97,116,9,222,13.5,1980,220,214,17,451,16.1,1985,227,274,20,521,12.4,1990,283,351,25,659,11.4,1995,302,441,30,773,10.4,2000,377,590,39,1,006,10.1,Source:,R.Wilson and R.Delaney,Twelfth Annual,State of Logistics Report,2001,4,美國物流成本

3、占,GDP,比重逐年變化狀況,5,1997,年，國際貨幣基金組織的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,(,表,1-3),物流成本在各國經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演角色，如果某國可以用較小比例的資源完成其各項(xiàng)物流活動(dòng)，則顯示該國的物流性能較高。其中以美、英、日的表現(xiàn)為佳，中國大陸的物流成本則比例最高,幾個(gè)地區(qū)物流成本比較，中國大陸占,GDP,的比重最高,地區(qū),GDP(10,億美元,),物流成本,(10,億美元,),比重,(%),英國,1242,125,10.1,美國,8083,849,10.5,日本,3080,351,11.4,中國臺(tái)灣,308,40,13.1,中國香港,175,24,13.7,新加坡,85,12,13.9,中國大陸,

4、4250,718,16.9,6,物流是什么？,Logistics,7,Logistics:What It Is,The definition(Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals):,“Logistics is that part of the,supply chain,process that plans,implements,and controls the efficient,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods,services,and related

5、information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.”,Source:,clm1.org,8,什么是物流？,供應(yīng)鏈管理專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的定義：,物流是供應(yīng)鏈管理的一部分，它以滿足顧客需求為目標(biāo)，對(duì)產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)和相關(guān)信息在起始點(diǎn)和消費(fèi)點(diǎn)之間的有效率，有效果的正向和逆向流動(dòng)和儲(chǔ)存進(jìn)行計(jì)劃、實(shí)施和控制。,9,PERSIL,30,C,40,C,60,C,95,C,Neu,Ja,生產(chǎn),包裝,上托盤,成品進(jìn)入,企業(yè)倉庫,三次運(yùn)輸,貨架陳列,Ja,PER

6、SIL,30,C,40,C,60,C,95,C,Neu,商店提貨,一次運(yùn)輸,上托盤,二次運(yùn)輸,提貨,生產(chǎn)物流,顧客,廢棄,回收,廢棄物物流,社會(huì)物流,銷售物流,REWE,商品進(jìn)入商店,原材料,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,輔材,通用件,10,物流的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響,宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)效用,擁有效用,形式效用,地點(diǎn)效用,時(shí)間效用,11,物流日益增長(zhǎng)的重要性,經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)制的放松,顧客行為的改變,技術(shù)進(jìn)步,零售商權(quán)力的不斷增大,貿(mào)易全球化,12,物流系統(tǒng)方法和總成本方法,系統(tǒng)方法,公司的目標(biāo)和物流目標(biāo)的相互依賴性,職能部門制定的決策應(yīng)該考慮對(duì)其他部門的潛在影響。,Stock-keeping units(SKUs),內(nèi)部物流的依賴性,

7、13,Figure 1-1:,內(nèi)向和外向物流的控制,14,采購管理,倉儲(chǔ)管理,出貨管理,進(jìn)貨管理,配送管理,系統(tǒng)運(yùn)作控制與管理,庫存管理,用戶管理,商品信息管理,訂貨管理,財(cái)務(wù)處理,進(jìn) 貨,進(jìn)貨驗(yàn)收,分 揀,保 存,包 裝,分 類,組 配,裝 貨,運(yùn) 輸,交 貨,供應(yīng)商管理,企業(yè)物流管理,用戶,制造商、供應(yīng)商,企業(yè)物流管理,15,Figure 1-2:,作為主要賣點(diǎn)的物流服務(wù)利用,16,物流系統(tǒng)方法和總成本方法,總成本方法：,成本權(quán)衡,:,一個(gè)物流活動(dòng)的變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些成本增加，而另一些成本下降。,總物流,:,企圖使支持企業(yè)顧客服務(wù)目標(biāo)的配送成本最小。,17,公司內(nèi)部的物流關(guān)系,財(cái)務(wù),LIFO,

8、：后進(jìn)先出,FIFO,：先進(jìn)先出,營銷,地點(diǎn)決策,價(jià)格決策,FOB origin/FOB destination pricing systems,裝運(yùn)港船上交貨,/,目的港船上交貨定價(jià),Landed costs,：抵岸成本、到岸成本,Phantom freight,：虛假運(yùn)費(fèi),Freight absorption,：運(yùn)費(fèi)吸收,18,Figure 1-3:,虛假運(yùn)費(fèi)和運(yùn)費(fèi)吸收,19,公司內(nèi)部的物流關(guān)系,營銷,產(chǎn)品決策,Stockouts,：缺貨,促銷決策,生產(chǎn),20,物流渠道中的活動(dòng),顧客服務(wù),設(shè)施選址決策,庫存管理,訂單管理,生產(chǎn)作業(yè)計(jì)劃,退貨,運(yùn)輸管理,需求預(yù)測(cè),工業(yè)包裝,物料搬運(yùn),零配件和

9、服務(wù)支持,采購,殘料和廢料處理,倉儲(chǔ)管理,21,22,重力貨架系統(tǒng),23,Consumer and Industrial,Packaging,24,25,26,27,物流職業(yè),專才,Freight rates,Warehouse layouts,Inventory analysis,Production,Purchasing,Transportation law,通才,Understands functional relationships,Relates logistics to other firm operations,suppliers,customers,Controls large

10、 expenditures,28,Logistics Careers,Most business organizations are potential employers,Logistics is the second-largest employment sector in the United States,The CEO of Wal-Mart began his Wal-Mart career in the logistics area!,29,Logistics Professionalism,Council of Logistics Management,Canadian Ass

11、ociation of Logistics Management,American Production and Inventory Control Society,American Society of Transportation and Logistics,Association for Transportation Law,Logistics,and Policy,Delta Nu Alpha,International Society of Logistics,Transportation Research Forum,Warehousing and Education Research Council,Professional Organizations Dedicated to,Advancing the Professional Knowledge of their members:,30,