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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2 Heroes教案6 北師大版必修1 語(yǔ)法剖析  一般過(guò)去時(shí) 用法 例句 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常與two days ago,yesterday,last week,the other day,in 1990,during the night,in ancient times等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連詞。 Where did you go just now?  I worked in that factory last year. My mother fell ill the other day. The Red Army came into being in 1927. 表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與every day,often,sometimes 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用； used to + 動(dòng)詞原形或 would + 動(dòng)詞原形常用來(lái)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的行為。 When I was a child,I often played football in the street. We sometimes went to school by bus last year. I used to smoke a lot but now I don’t now. We would ask our teachers for advice when we had questions. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作。 The monkey jumped off the tree,picked up a big stone and threw it at us. 在時(shí)間 、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 He said he would e to see me if he got here. He bought some books when he went to Paris. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 用法 例句 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)詞組或從句連用。 I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. The students were reading loudly when I came into the classroom. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 表示說(shuō)話人過(guò)去對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆,厭惡等。常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用。 The manager was always thinking of his work at that time.（表贊賞） The naughty boys were constantly making trouble.（表不滿） 表示過(guò)去將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般限于一些表示移動(dòng),方向的動(dòng)詞。 He said that he was ing to see me the next week. Nobody knew whether he was leaving for the countryside. 描述事件發(fā)生的背景。 The sun was shining,the wind was blowing,and a group of soldiers were marching. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 用法 例句 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副 詞just,already,before,yet,never,ever等狀語(yǔ)連用。 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. —Have you milked the cow yet? —Yes,I have done that already. I’ve just lost my science book. 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如:for和since,及so far,now,today,this week（month,year）等。 I haven’t seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning,we’ll go to the park. 需要注意以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)have been（to）和have gone（to）的區(qū)別: have/has been（to）表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地,說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里,已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè) 重指經(jīng)歷。 have/has gone（to）表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地,說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在這里。 試比較: He has been to Beijing.他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái),可能在這兒。） The sea refuses no river.海不拒河水；大海有能容之量。 He has gone to Beijing.他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走,不在這兒。） (2)表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞,如e,go,die,marry,buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for,since表 示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用。常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞可轉(zhuǎn)換為:buy—have,borrow—keep,leave/go—be away,begin—be on, finish—be over, bee—be,marry—be married,die—be dead 等。 這本書(shū)他買了三天了。 He has bought/got the book for 3 days.（） He has had the book for 3 days.（√） He bought the book 3 days ago.（√） (3)常用句型: ①It is the first/second time...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ②This is the 最高級(jí)+名詞that...結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. This is the best film that I’ve（ever）seen. This is the first time that）I’ve heard him sing. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較 時(shí)態(tài) 定義 各自的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 共有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 不同點(diǎn) 一般過(guò)去 時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 yesterday,last week,ago,in1980,in October,just now等表示具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 thismorning,tonight,ths April,now,once,before,already,recenly, lately等等。 只與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/unti,uptonow,inpast years,always等表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 只與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 分析比較下列例句: I saw this film yesterday.　　　　 I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She returned yesterday. She has returned from Paris. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。） （她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） He has been in the League for three years. He joined the League three years ago. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)。） （三前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。） 注意:句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。 例如: （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.