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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 1 Great Scientists 選做題同步檢測 新人教版必修7 Ⅰ.短文改錯 此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。如無錯誤，在答題卡相應的位置上畫一個勾(√)；如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤)，則按下列情況改正： 此行多一個詞：把多余的詞寫在答題卡相應的位置上，用斜線(﹨)劃掉。 此行缺一個詞：在答題卡相應的位置上寫出該加的詞，并附帶前(后)詞。 此行錯一個詞：在答題卡相應的位置上寫出該錯詞和改正后的詞。 注意：原行沒有錯的不用改。 The alarm was first gone off on the third floor. 1.________ People left the building hurriedly but in a orderly manner. 2.________ They came out carry their shopping bags and their parcels， 3.________ some not properly wrapped and some not even paid 4.________ Most passerby waited in the street to watch.Many of the 5.________ shops and offices in the street had just closed.Mr Clement， 6.________ the officer in charge of，ordered all hoses(軟管) 7.________ to turned to the roof of the main building. People were pushed 8.________ back from the area of their own safety. Seven officers 9.________ entered the basement or were driven back within minutes. 10.________ Hurriedly they put on their masks(防毒面具)，ready to try again. 答案： 1．was→had　go是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。was gone中gone是形容詞，表示“不見了；走了”。 2．a→an　orderly是以元音音素開頭的，所以用不定冠詞an。 3．carry→carrying　carrying...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作謂語動詞came out的伴隨狀語。 4．paid后加for　pay for表示“付錢買東西”。 5．passerby→passersby　由其前面的修飾語most可知，該處應該用名詞復數(shù)形式。 6．√ 7．去掉of　在 in charge of短語中of后應該接賓語，沒有賓語應該去掉of。 8．turned前面加 be　hoses不能自己指向屋頂，必須由人操作，所以用不定式的被動式。 9．of→for　介詞for常用來表示目的，for their own safety指“為了他們的自身安全”。of無此意。 10．or→but　這里表示意義上的轉折，所以用but。 Ⅱ.閱讀表達 閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到題后的橫線上(請注意問題后的詞數(shù)要求)。 [1]Medical research is leading American education officials to consider having high school classes start later in the morning. The research says that teenagers are more awake later at night than adults are. When staying up late at night, the teenagers have problems learning early in the morning. [2]Researchers in the state of Rhode Island measured the amount of the hormone(荷爾蒙) melatonin(降黑素) in peoples mouths at different times of the day. Melatonin causes people to feel sleepy. [3]They found that melatonin levels rise later at night in teenagers than they do in children and adults. It remains at higher levels in teenagers later in the morning. They said this shows that teenagers have difficulty learning early in the morning. Yet most school systems in the United States begin high school classes at about seven oclock. [4]A few school districts have made some changes. In 1996, school officials in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start of classes from seven thirty to eight thirty. Two years later, the nearby city of Minneapolis did the same. Teachers there reported that students were no longer sleepy in class and were happier. Staying in school later in the day did not seem to be a problem for students who had jobs after school either. [5]Health experts say that teenagers need between eight and nine hours of sleep a night. Students________ are likely to be late for school, fail to do their homework, fall asleep in class and have trouble taking part in class discussions. [6]Some people, however, dont support a later start time because they say that it would limit the time for practicing sports after school. However, the Minnesota schools found that this did not hurt school sports petitions. [7]More American school districts are discussing the possibility of changing high school start times. Researchers and teenagers say that they cannot make the change quickly enough. 1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 8 words.) _______________________________________________________ 2．Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to plete the sentence.(Please answer within 8 words.) _______________________________________________________ 3．plete the following statement with proper words.(Please answer within 5 words) If they go to bed very late at night, teenagers________early in the morning. 4．Do you think the change is necessary? Why? (Please answer within 15 words.) _______________________________________________________ 5．What does the word “this”(line 3, paragraph 6) probably refer to？(no more than 4words) _______________________________________________________ 答案： 1．High school classes start later？/Change high school start time 2．not getting enough sleep 3．will have difficulty/problem(s)(in)learning 4．It is necessary, because students can study full of energy in the whole morning. 5．a later start time Ⅲ.任務型讀寫 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)所讀內容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。 At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different from 100 years ago. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children. Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stayhome mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in twopaycheck families, singleparent families, adoptive or foster families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and bine the children from previous marriages into the new families)，child less families, and so on. What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War Ⅱ(19391945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these “war widows” had to go to work outside their home. During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and moving into singlefamily homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning. In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of singleparent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the singleparent household, once unusual, has replaced the “traditional” family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twentyfirst century. The Changes of the American Family Main parisons Contexts Different(1)________ There were two (2)________types of families in the past, (3)________， the extended and the nuclear. Nowadays (4)________types of families can be seen than before. Changes in different (5)________． In the 1900s and 1940s Many of the women had to work outside due to the (6)________of money, thus causing the fall of (7)________and the rise of divorce rate. In the 1950s Divorce rate slided and there were more children . The families tended to be (8)________ again. In the years between 1960s and 1990s Different types of familes(9)________. Traditional families are no longer the typical ones in America. A trend worth noting Authors opinion on changes The present structure is (10)________； it will experience changes again in the near future. 答案：1.kinds/types　2.main　3.namely　4.more 5．periods　6.lack　7.birthrate　8.fewer　9.occurred 10．temporary Ⅳ. 標題六選五 下面文章中有5處(第1～5題)需要添加小標題。請從以下選項(A、B、C、D、E和F)中選出符合各段意思的小標題，并在答題紙上將相應選項的標號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。 A. Causes of overusing fluoride (氟化物) B. Negative effects of fluoride C. Safe use of fluoride D. The experts background information E. No need to worry about fluoride poisoning F. Solutions to improper use of fluoride I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous. Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely? 1．________________ This question is answered by Dr Marcia M. Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt. She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares. 2．________________ My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions. Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush. If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and e to no harm. 3．________________ Almost all medicines have a negative effect—or even be deadly—if they are not taken as directed. So you are right—fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities. It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist. Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare—in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning. 4．________________ Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities(牙洞) as long as it is used correctly. If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases. If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate firstaid could save a life. A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting. If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment. 5．________________ Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis. The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children. It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already present in drinking water. 答案：1—5　DCEFA