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2019-2020年高中英語Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar語法專題課課后閱讀作業(yè)外研版必修 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is actually worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil)is creating a“greenhouse effect”—holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate(微粒、顆粒)matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature─a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen(though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. 【語篇概述】本文闡述了大氣污染可能導(dǎo)致的兩種結(jié)果。 1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution　　　. A. caused widespread damage in the countryside B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States C. had damaging effects on health D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章開頭可知。過去人們認(rèn)為空氣污染主要存在于大城市中。 2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author　　　. A. shares the same view with the scientists B. is uncertain of its occurrence C. rejects it as being ungrounded D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。文章第一段論述了溫室效應(yīng)可能會使全球氣溫上升, 第二段又談到污染也可能會使大氣溫度下降, 根據(jù)“At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. . . ”可知B項(xiàng)正確。 3. It can be inferred from the passage that　　　. A. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster B. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to e 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的第二句可知A項(xiàng)正確。其他幾項(xiàng)均不符合文中所列事實(shí)。 4. This passage is mainly concerned with　　　. A. the greenhouse effect B. the burning of fossil fuels C. the potential effect of air pollution D. the likelihood(可能性)of a new ice age 【解析】選C。主旨大意題。文章闡述了大氣污染可能導(dǎo)致的兩種結(jié)果: 升溫和降溫。所以只有C項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ. 語法填空 閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Earthquakes are something that people fear. There 1. ________ (be)some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, 2. ________ , have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite 3. ________ (mountain). 　　The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people 4. ________ (die)in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. 　　Strong earthquakes are not always the 5. ________ (one)that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded 6. ________ (feel)in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died. 　　In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died, most of 7. 　　　died in fires which followed the earthquake. 　　One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever 8. ________ (record)was also in China, 9. ________ which 400, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556. 　　Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is 10. ________ we often do not know when they are ing. People can not prepare for it. 【語篇概述】文章向我們介紹了人們對地震的恐懼以及地球上發(fā)生的有記載的有影響的地震。 1. 【解析】are?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)there be句型。句意: 有些地方幾乎沒有或不發(fā)生地震。主語是some places, 故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are。 2. 【解析】however。考查副詞。很顯然, 該句所說的“世界上很多地方經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震”和上一句“有些地方幾乎沒有或不發(fā)生地震”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 故用however。 3. 【解析】mountainous?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。在系動(dòng)詞后作表語用形容詞形式mountainous, 意為“多山的”。 4. 【解析】died?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。1906年發(fā)生的事情, 所以用過去時(shí)態(tài)。 5. 【解析】ones?？疾榇~。根據(jù)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞are以及定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式kill可知用復(fù)數(shù)。 6. 【解析】was felt?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。地震是被感覺到的, 并且這次地震發(fā)生在過去, 故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 7. 【解析】whom?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞。作of的賓語, 代替上文的先行詞people, 故用whom。 8. 【解析】recorded?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。record和earthquake是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 故用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。 9. 【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。后面的which代替的是先行詞“The worst earthquake”, 故用介詞in。 【補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練】句子仿寫(用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空) ①The man ________ whom you should write is Mr White. ②Do you still remember the day ________ which we met for the first time? ③He lost the book ________ which he kept many telephone numbers. 答案：①to ②on ③in 10. 【解析】that?？疾槊~性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表陳述的表語從句, 故用that。