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1、 虛 擬 語 氣 結(jié) 集 號The Bssembly of English Subjunctive Mood 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 聽歌學(xué)虛擬 If you were the only girl in the worldand I were the only boy!Nothing else would matter in the world todaywe could go on loving in the same old way!A garden of Eden just made for twowith nothing to mar our joyI would sa

2、y such wonderful things to youthere would be such wonderful things to doIf you were the only girl in the worldand I were the only boy! (byClifford Grey) 一、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱！1.何為語氣？ 語氣表示說話人對事物所持的態(tài)度,它的語法特征以動詞形式表現(xiàn)出來。1）陳述語氣

3、She is very clever.2）祈使語氣 Dont be late for the meeting.3）虛擬語氣（表示假設(shè)的情況、主觀愿望等。） If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk. 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱！2. 真實條件句 ：真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生。 時態(tài)關(guān)系句型： 條件從句 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時 shall/will + 動詞原形If she comes, she will bring her violin.典型例題The volleyball match will be p

4、ut off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained注意： 在真實條件句中，主句不用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will.(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 3. 非真實（虛擬）條件句 1）時態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。句型 ： 條

5、件從句主句 一般過去時should( would) +動詞原形 If they were here, they would help you.讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 時態(tài)從 句主 句表示現(xiàn)在過去時(be-were) should+動詞原形would +動詞原形could +動詞原形might +動詞原形1.和現(xiàn)在的事實相反 3. 非真實（虛擬）條件句 b.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。句型： 條件從句 主句過去完成時 should(would) have+ 過去分詞 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The ri

6、ce would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had no

7、t been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含義： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 時態(tài)從 句主 句表示過去 had +過去分詞should+have+過去分詞would +have+過去分詞could +have+過去分詞might +have+過去分詞 c.表示對將來的假想句型： 條件從句 主句 一般過去時 should+ 動詞原形 wer

8、e+ 不定式 would + 動詞原形 should+ 動詞原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 時態(tài)從 句主 句表示將來 should+動詞原形would +動詞原形could +動詞原形might +動詞原形1)were to+動詞原形2)should+動詞原形3)動詞過去式 條

9、件狀語從句主句與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞should/would/could/might + have + 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形與將來事實相反一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式： 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱規(guī)律總結(jié):從句都往過去推一個時態(tài)，如:與現(xiàn)在相反的if從句就用過去時;與過去相反用過去完成時(即過去的過去) 特別說明1、l would/s

10、hould/could/might主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后;would表示結(jié)果還表示過去經(jīng)常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較: If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再試一試，你就會成功的。 (would表結(jié)果) If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再試一試，你可能會成功的。 (might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。(could表能力) 1.wish后面賓

11、語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的愿 望。其表達形式一般是將從句的謂語動詞退后一個時態(tài)。例如: 1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)與過去事實相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)與將來事實相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wi

12、sh he would forgive me. did/were(現(xiàn)在) S+wish+that+S+ had done(過去) would/could+do (將來)wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于:hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較:(1) We hope they will come. (We dont know if they can come.) (2) We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒

13、都歌唱 2. 在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略。 常見的動詞有:建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend倡議advocate命令order, command請求ask, demand, require, request提議move, vote指示direct 督促urge 希望 desire堅持insist 打算intend 安排 arrange 喜好prefer注意: suggest表 暗示表明 時 insist表堅持認為時不用虛擬語氣: He insisted that I had read his

14、 letter. He insisted that I should read his letter. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. He ordered that it (should) be sent back. He urged that they go to Europe. 。 He requires that I (should) appear. I move that we accept the proposal. He arranged that I should go abro

15、ad. She desires that he do it. The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 特殊賓語從句中的虛擬語氣Would you mind if +S did sth? eg. Would you mind if I smoked here? l would rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現(xiàn)在和過去。 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that從句中, 句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣， 表示寧愿做什么 ，具體用法為: 一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在

16、或?qū)淼脑竿?Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。 用過去完成時表過去的愿望 Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C.havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.h

17、as B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher ordered that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished BB BD 考題點擊： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit som

18、e of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell h

19、im? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, askBA C 基本句型： 1. It be+過去分詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+過去分詞：desired, suggested, requested, decided, reported, proposed, ordered, recommended, It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary. 讓所有

20、的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱2. It be+形容詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+形容詞: incredible, surprising, necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, urgent, vital etcIt is

21、necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient. 讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱3. It be+名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動詞原形+（以上兩種主語從句，should意為“應(yīng)該”，“竟然表示驚奇，惋惜，遺憾，重要”等作用。）（以上二三兩種主語從句，表示驚奇，惋惜，遺憾，重要等作用。should意為“應(yīng)該”，“竟然”） 在 advice, agreement,

22、command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.1)表語從句:2)同位語從句:I make a proposal that we (shou

23、ld) hold a meeting next week. 考題點擊： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will

24、 be allowed D. is allowedDB B 考題點擊： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent

25、C. sent D. should sentAC A 1.用在由as if,as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的懷疑，用過去時；表示過去想象中的動作或情況，用過去完成時;表示將來用would + 動詞原形。It seems as if the man were his brother.This device operated as though it had been repaired.He acts as if he knew me. They treat me as though I were a stranger. He talks as if he had

26、been abroad. 注:兩點說明(1 ) 從句內(nèi)容若為事實或可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣:It looks as if well be late. 我們似乎要遲到了。(2 ) 注意 It isnt as if的翻譯:It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。 2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或動詞原形。She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates.She closed the windows l

27、est she catch cold. 考題點擊：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.exploded C. explode D.had explodeCC 虛擬倒裝句 1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the di

28、fficulties.2.Had I (=If I had) known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call,please take a message.What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherC考題點擊： 虛擬條件句的

29、倒裝 虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實行倒裝。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were

30、it to rain, the crops would be saved.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. Were I a boy, I would join the army.注意:若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如:我們可以說:Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能說:Werent it for the expense,

31、I would go abroad now.讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would knowDIf you hadnt bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? 考題點擊： 混合型虛擬語氣錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時

32、應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整: If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下過雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會是濕的。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你當時聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會好多了。 If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在) 3) 介詞短語表條件 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with, with

33、out, but for。如:What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadnt got your help)But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.Nothing could live without the sun.考題點擊：Without your help, we _ such

34、 rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have madeD If虛擬條件句的否定(含蓄條件句) ?？純蓚€句型:If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意為若不是(有) 要不是。如: If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是沒有水植物就無法生長。 If it hadnt been for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded. =But

35、for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded. =Without your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不會成功的。 4）情境中提供虛擬語氣含蓄型虛擬語氣: 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。如:I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long

36、before. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. He would have given you more help,but he was too busyHe would lose weight,but he eats too much.讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 A man who stopped

37、 drinking water would be dead in about seven days. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Ot

38、herwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.考題點擊：I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）I might have given you more help , but I

39、was too busy .（連詞）Given more time, we could have done it better .（分詞短語） Such mistakes could have been avoided .（通過上下文） 5) 比較if only與only if （I） if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態(tài)與 wish后所接時態(tài)的情況相同:If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了

40、。If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!*if only 通常獨立使用，沒有主句?？碱}點擊：If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should seeB 5) 比較if only與only if （II） only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. if only 則表示“如果就好了”。其從句中的謂語動詞用過去時或過去完成時。If only I

41、knew more.If only the alarm clock had rung.If only 也可用于陳述語氣。If only he comes early. 6) Its (high/low) time 從句：It is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)為 would rather 從句： I would

42、rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考題點擊：It is time that you _ the whole book.A.must go over B.can go overC.went over D.have gone overC （7）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如： It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close

43、the door?用于一些習(xí)慣表達法中。如： Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you.表示祝愿話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。 May godblessyou.愿上帝保佑你。 May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康長壽美滿幸福。讓所有的花兒都開放，讓所有的鳥兒都歌唱 高考鏈接:1 . I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has com

44、e B. did come C. came D. had come 2 . When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 3. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt getC. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had drive

45、n ; wouldnt have got 4.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly D CDA 5._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the meeting. A. Were B. Should C. Wo

46、uld D. Will 6. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 7. _ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. I

47、f they were not8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. O therwise, she _something.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have saidBBCD Should Have-Could Have-Would Have （I） by Bobbi Ann Duffy I should have had the courage to stand my ground To be what I wanted to be not what you expecte

48、d me to be If I could have, I would have been A success in my own eyesInstead of a failure in yours I should have rejected your standards for my life And lived only by my own If I could have, I would have been Happy and strong Instead of miserable and weak 賞詩學(xué)虛擬 Should Have-Could Have-Would Have（II）

49、 by Bobbi Ann DuffyI should have done what I thought was right Not what you said was right If I could have, I would have Lived a life that had meaning for me Instead of a life filled with empty regrets I should have lived my life for myself Not for you, others, or society If I could have, I would ha

50、ve Enjoyed living and loving Instead of feeling so alone and unfulfilled But in the twilight of life Should Have-Could Have-Would Have （III） by Bobbi Ann Duffy Should haves- Could haves And would haves Do no good because they change nothing And negate the joys I have experienced The love I have shar

51、ed And the beauty I have seen None of which I am willing to so dishonor. 讀唐詩學(xué)虛擬望夫石 望夫處，江悠悠，化為石，不回頭。 山頭日日風復(fù)雨，行人歸來石應(yīng)語。 朗讀望夫石的英文版，找出虛擬語氣Where she awaits her husbandOn and on the river flows.Never looking backTransformed into stoneDay by day upon the mountain top,Wind and rain revolve.Should the journey

52、er return,This stone would utter speech 讀文章學(xué)虛擬語氣 Now you were in the Pentagon in those days, among other things putting together what later became known as the Pentagon Papers. Do you think the criticism was warranted? If there had been a heavier bombing would it have made much of a difference? I do

53、nt know that it would have made a difference in the ultimate outcome of the war, because I think the North Vietnamese and their allies in the South, the Vietcong, were going to fight as long as necessary to drive out any foreign power. The force of nationalism was that strong. But I think it would have made a difference in the military campaign. I think what the military was saying was militarily correctthat we could have done much more damage and made it much more difficult for the North Vietnamese to adjust with a more all-out bombing campaign.