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2019-2020年中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)材料--語法專題十一 主謂一致 一．就近原則出現(xiàn)幾個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱單復(fù)數(shù)須和最近的主語保持一致。 二．意義一致原則主語形式是單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義要用復(fù)數(shù)；反之主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。如表示一筆錢，一段時間，一定重量時，這些單位雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。 三．語法一致一個句子的主語是單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 細(xì)則如下： 1. 由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等）連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與較近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.　 2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中，謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語保持一致。 There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There ______(e) the bus. 3. 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，其謂語動詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。 I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father. 4. 在強調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時它應(yīng)與被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。 　It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.　　 5. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 When to leave _____(be) not been decided. Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes. 　When to leave _____(be) not been decided. Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.　　 注：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。 What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night . 由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 　What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”. 6.“…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時，若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞），則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)， 如： half of, some of, any of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quarter of, a third of, 30% of。 Most of the water here ______(be) clean. 80% cotton ______have) been sent to America.80% Half of the apples ______(be) red. 7. 詞組“a number of”作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year. 5. 英語的集體名詞（family, public, group, team, class等詞），指代“整體”時為單數(shù)；指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。 My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl　　 My family ______(be) all looking forward for your ing. 8. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working. 9. 英語句中的each， either， neither等詞，作代詞充當(dāng)主語，修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong . 10. 由some, any every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate. 11. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主語時，通常謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等詞語時，則謂語動詞要與量詞（pair, suit, piece ）在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker. Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk . 12. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，卻表示單數(shù)意義（maths, physics, news …）謂語用單數(shù)。 　Maths_____(be) my favorite subject. 13.“the +形容詞（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一類人”，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The young ______(like) listening to popular songs . 14.“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)” 表示“某某夫婦，某某一家人”，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The Greens _______(be)having lunch now. 15. 當(dāng)主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短語時 ，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。 I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month. 16. 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 10 minutes is enough. 17.加減乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運算謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 2 and 3 ______5. 18.“the +姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、….夫婦”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China. 19由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同 一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單 數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。 The writer and teacher ing. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher ing. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) 練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！ ( )1There______ be a fashion show in our town tomorrow. A．a(chǎn)re going to B. will have C. has D. is going to ( )2Doing exercise ____ good for your health. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )3 Neither he nor I__________ from Canada. We are from Australia. A.is B. are C. am D. be ( )3. A number of tourists ________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A.have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to ( )4Now the number of Chinese people _____ working Africa more than one million. A.is B. are C. was D. were ( )5. Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )6. Everyone except Tom and John ____there when the meeting began. A.are B. is C. were D. was ( )7. Neither Kate nor her cousins ______ to America, but ______ of them have known the country very well. A.have been; all B. have gone; both C. has been; all ( )8 There _____a dictionary and two pens on the desk. A.am B. is C. are ( )9.—Maths ____my favourite subject, what about you?—Physics_____. I think its very interesting． A.is：is B. are; are C. are；is ( )10. In our school library there _____ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _____ growing larger and larger. A.are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is ( )11 Neither my sister nor I _____ been to America before. A.have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never. ( )12 Neither of the books____ interesting. I won’t buy of them_____.. A.is; either B. are; neither C. is; any ( )13 There ___still some apple juice in the fridge. It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now. A.was B. were C. is D. are ( )14 How time flies! Well graduate. Three years really____ short time. A.was B. are C. is ( )15.Do you think there _____ robots in People’s homes in the future? A.will be B. will is C. be will ( )16 There______ some milk, two apples and a bottle of juice in the fridge. A.is B. are C. have ( )17 Nobody except Tom and Mary _______in the classroom. The students are watching the basketball game on the playground now. A.am B. is C. are ( )18 —I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. —Sorry, I with my parents _______ at that time. A. was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopping