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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復習 第三部分 語法及語法填空 語法講解 專題二 自由填空 第4講 定語從句素能特訓 Ⅰ.語法填空 A．單句語法填空 在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．[xx江蘇四市一模]In xx, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life. 答案：as　考查定語從句用法。根據(jù)句子結構可知空格后缺少“from”的賓語，且先行詞由“such”修飾，故應填關系代詞as。 2．[xx安徽安慶一中四模]Ill never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood there with my grandparents. 答案：because　考查狀語從句。本題表面上考查定語從句，而細分析會發(fā)現(xiàn)從句中不缺少主語和賓語，也不缺少地點狀語“there”，而空前名詞也是表地點，因此不會考查定語從句，而是考查狀語從句，根據(jù)前后句邏輯關系可知答案。 3．[xx安徽六校聯(lián)考二]The naughty boy hid himself behind the door, from ________ he could hear what we talked about clearly. 答案：where　考查定語從句用法。從句中不缺少主語，從from看后面缺少賓語，而根據(jù)語意我們可以看出，此空格表示“behind the door”的意思，故應填where。 4．[xx北京東城區(qū)期末]Mr.Sawyer started his career at Stanfor University, ________ he became Professor of Physics in 2002. 答案：where　考查定語從句。從句中不缺少主語和賓語，其先行詞表示地點，故填where。 5．[xx北京海淀區(qū)期末]The glorious moment would live in my mind ________ our football team won the championship. 答案：when　考查定語從句用法。從句中不缺少主語和賓語，且根據(jù)語意可知，先行詞是“the moment”表示時間，故填關系副詞when。 6．[xx北京石景山區(qū)一模]Beijing successfully held the xx APEC meeting, ________ won high praise from the member countries. 答案：which　考查定語從句用法。從句中缺少主語，且先行詞指的是上文中的整個句子，故填關系代詞which。 7．[xx廣東惠州三模]One day the city mouse, ________ lived in a big house wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit. 答案：who　考查定語從句用法。從句中缺少主語，先行詞從表面上看表示物，而根據(jù)下文可知，此處已經(jīng)擬人化，故應填who。 8．[xx山西太原模擬]________ can be seen, the mask soon became popular around the area among older consumers, ________ led masks to be defined as a special symbol of Chinese Dama by many netizens. 答案：As; which　第一空處As can be seen為固定結構，意為“正如所看到的”，因此填As；第二空應代替前面整句話的內(nèi)容，故填which。 9．[xx福建廈門質檢]On her birthday she received a present from her friend ________ which a note was attached, saying “Wish you happy and healthy！” 答案：to　考查定語從句的用法。從句中不缺少主語和賓語，但which在空格后，可知，此處應該填介詞，根據(jù)“be attached to”可知，此空填介詞to。 10．[xx四川雅安重點中學月考]—When did you see the sponsor, Madam? —It was on the weekend ________ I was doing some shopping with my husband. 答案：when　考查定語從句的用法。從結構表面上看似乎考查強調句型，但句意表示的答非所問，故應該是定語從句，從句中不缺主語和賓語，且先行詞表時間，故填when。 B．語篇語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 [xx黑龍江大慶質檢二]Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I __1__ (live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town. People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep. “Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to __4__ much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy __5__. But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short __6__ cash and couldnt afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __7__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops，so I could always find someone __8__(interest) to talk with. And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__ (do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we dont realize how ____10____ (fortune)we are, do we? 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 作者是一個窮困潦倒的畫家，住在嘈雜的鬧市區(qū)。難以繼日時，Joe會施以援手，這讓作者感到非常幸運。 1．lived　考查一般過去時。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般過去時。 2．because　考查連詞?！拔摇钡墓⒌姆孔夂鼙阋耍驗椤拔摇弊≡谧罘泵χ坏慕謪^(qū)里。 3．how　考查引導詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“外邊是繁忙的街區(qū)，那我是怎樣睡著的？”。 4．so　考查固定結構。so much＋不可數(shù)名詞“如此多的……”。 5．one　考查代詞?！拔摇弊〉墓⒃谝粋€很吵鬧的商店/酒吧上面。one代指商店或酒吧。 6．of　考查介詞。be short of“缺少/短缺……”。 7．a(chǎn)　考查固定短語。take a look“看一看”，是固定結構。 8．interesting　考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我找到某個有趣的人去交談”。 9．doing　考查非謂語動詞。介詞“for”后應跟動詞ing形式。 10．fortunate　考查詞性轉換。根據(jù)語境可知，此空應填其形容詞形式。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [xx江西南昌調研測試]I felt very depressed the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didnt feel so __1__. As I was sitting at my desk, I __2__ it was the birthday of a dear longtime friend—a single, middleaged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loving her __3__. Knowing that she didnt have family in town, I __4__ to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on her shift, __5__ to work late into the evening, and wouldnt have __6__ of a birthday this year. As always, though, she __7__ cheerful and was happy that I __8__. After I hung up, I couldnt __9__ the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on her special day. __10__ feeling a little depressed myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed, I couldnt shake the thought. I __11__ gave in, and set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons that evening. My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise __12__ me that Id done the right thing, and they were a generous __13__ for the little effort it had taken. When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a __14__ friend on her birthday, but my own negative feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had __15__ my own! Isnt that the way it is __16__ we take the time and make the __17__ to do something for someone else? Its just like the saying，“Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives, and him who __18__.” Cheering up people on their birthdays isnt the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with __19__ to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to __20__. And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too. 作者講述了在自己心情不好的一天給一個從事護士職業(yè)的朋友過生日而得到的感悟：生活總是為我們提供機會，讓我們多邁出一步或者做一件對別人有影響的善事。 1．A.special B．positive C．nervous D．scared 答案：B　根據(jù)空格前的“I felt very depressed the other day.The weather had been dark and rainy”可知，“我”的心情不好，positive“樂觀的”，符合語境。 2．A.explained B．plained C．remembered D．informed 答案：C　當“我”坐在書桌前的時候，記起了一個朋友的生日。故選C項。 3．A.family B．training C．work D．school 答案：C　根據(jù)空格前的“who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing”可知，她從事護士職業(yè)30年，說明她很喜歡自己的工作(work)。故選C項。 4．A.decided B．continued C．a(chǎn)greed D．refused 答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處用decided表示“我決定給她打個電話”。故選A項。 5．A.surprised B．disappointed C．bored D．prepared 答案：D　根據(jù)前面的“Sure enough, she was on her shift”可知，這是她的當班時間，她準備工作到晚上。故選D項。 6．A.much B．many C．little D．few 答案：A　此處表示“不會有太多的時間過生日”。many和few用來修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞，故排除。little本身含有否定的意思，在此處可排除，故選much。 7．A.sounded B．looked C．grew D．found 答案：A　“我”打電話給她，她聽上去很高興。故選A項。 8．A.admitted B．called C．succeeded D．a(chǎn)pologized 答案：B　參見上題解析。選B項。 9．A.experience B．imagine C．shake D．understand 答案：C　此處表示“我沒法去除這種感覺”，應用shake“去除，擺脫”。故選C項。 10．A.Almost B．Even C．Never D．Still 答案：D　此處用“Still”表明作者仍然感到沮喪，與文章開頭相呼應。故選D項。 11．A.luckily B．finally C．unhappily D．hardly 答案：B　“我”的心情沮喪，“我”盡力去清理掉這種心情，但是經(jīng)過一天的時間，還是沒能擺脫，最終“我”屈服了。finally“最后，終于”，故選B項。 12．A.convinced B．a(chǎn)dvised C．promised D．reminded 答案：A　根據(jù)空格前面的“My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise”和空格后面的“Id done the right thing”可知，朋友的神情讓“我”確信自己做對了。convince“使確信”，符合語境。故選A項。 13．A.response B．contribution C．reward D．share 答案：C　她的笑容和驚喜使“我”確信“我”做對了，這也是對“我”慷慨的回報(reward)。故選C項。 14．A.careless B．lonely C．weak D．curious 答案：B　由前文的“a single, middleaged woman”和“she didnt have family in town”可知，作者的朋友是孤獨的。故選B項。 15．A.troubled B．taken C．wasted D．made 答案：D　讓這位孤獨的朋友快樂的同時，又掃除了作者的沮喪，所以說“Making her day had made my own”。故選D項。 16．A.when B．where C．why D．how 答案：A　從句子的結構和語境看，此處應該用引導時間狀語從句的連詞，表示“當我們花費時間為別人努力做一些事情的時候”。故選A項。 17．A.suggestion B．money C．effort D．call 答案：C　參見上題解析。make the effort to do sth.“努力做某事”。 18．A.tries B．receives C．expects D．cares 答案：B　根據(jù)空格前的“gives”可知，應用receives與gives相對應。故選B項。 19．A.opportunities B．dreams C．choices D．regrets 答案：A　生活總是為我們提供機會。opportunity“機會”，符合語境。故選A項。 20．A.someone B．something C．everyone D．everything 答案：A　生活總是為我們提供機會，讓我們多邁出一步或者做一件對他人產(chǎn)生影響的善事。故選A項。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 [xx吉林長春質檢二]When I asked my motherinlaw to select which meals shed like me to order from the homedelivery menu, she only chose the ones her husband would like. This goes way beyond politeness. She is actually feeling unfortable voicing what she wants. She developed the main symptom of Askers Syndrome that ones unable to ask for what one wants. Its not just older women who have this problem. Askers Syndrome can strike the young. I have single friends who wont ask a man out on a date because they fear being considered “too forward”. My fiveyearold daughter Violet is showing the early stages of Askers Syndrome. Shes learned that women dont ask, but rather drop hints. Shell say，“Remember last Sunday afternoon we went to the park？” rather than “Can we go to the park？” Apart from women and girls problematic relationship with appetite， food and dating, its widely reported that women are less likely than men to ask for pay rises and promotions. Instead, they withdraw， hoping that somebody else will decide they are worthy and make them promoted. No doubt, many women develop Askers Syndrome as a defensive measure because theyve been labeled as pushy or rude for simply asking for what they want. But in the long term， choosing not to express our desires doesnt serve us well. Its time to cure ourselves and our girls of Askers Syndrome. I dont want to raise a future “mother” who denies her wish for food, power and success and anything else. So I now insist that my daughter ask for what she wants directly. For women in our culture, asking is a skill that we need to learn and practice. And if we all do it, then women asking will bee the norm rather than the exception. 本文作者通過事例來告訴我們Askers Syndrome的癥狀是什么，并且提出自己的看法，鼓勵女士們勇于發(fā)表自己的觀點，說出自己真正想要的。 1. The authors motherinlaw is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to ________. A．introduce the old lady B．set an example C．talk about her illness D．lead in a topic 答案：D　考查文章結構。本文講的是Askers Syndrome的癥狀是什么，文章一開始就通過“motherinlaw”在點菜的時候沒有說出自己真正想要的菜的這個例子來引出話題。故選D項。 2．Which is TRUE about Askers Syndrome according to the passage? A．It often causes problems with appetite and food. B．Older women develop more of its symptoms. C．More women suffer from it than men in their career. D．It strikes only female victims as reported. 答案：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“its widely reported that women are less likely than men to ask for pay rises and promotions”可知，女士與男士相比不太敢在加薪和升職方面提要求，即在事業(yè)方面更多的女士遭受Askers Syndrome的折磨。故選C項。 3．The author holds the view that ________. A．others decide whether we are worthy B．choosing not to ask is a protective measure C．a(chǎn)sking for what is wanted is rude D．Askers Syndrome should be cured 答案：D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段的第一句“Its time to cure ourselves and our girls of Askers Syndrome”可知，作者認為Askers Syndrome應該被改正。故選D項。 4．The passage is written to ________. A．list symptoms of Askers Syndrome B．encourage women to express their desires C．explain the causes of refusing to ask D．suggest ways to ask for more 答案：B　考查寫作目的。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，作者鼓勵女士們直接說出她們真實想要的。故選B項。 1．select vt. 選擇；選拔　　2.symptom n. 癥狀 3．a(chǎn)ppetite n. 胃口；食欲 4.withdraw vt. 撤回；脫癮 5．promote vt./vi. 促進，晉升 1．a(chǎn)part from 除此之外(還) 2．a(chǎn)sk for 想要/需要…… 3．in the long term 在長期看來 原文：So I now insist that my daughter ask for what she wants directly.(insist的用法) 譯文：所以現(xiàn)在我堅持讓我的女兒直接要她想要的。 仿寫：The boy insisted that he be_taken_to_watch the football match to be held next month in Beijing. 這個男孩堅決要求被帶去看下個月在北京舉行的足球比賽。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 [xx河南洛陽統(tǒng)考二]During the travel back to my hometown, in the plane, I sat next to an old lady who looked very scary. She closed her eyes tight and grasped her red bag on her lap. I thought I might be nervous, so I planned to chat with her to make her to feel relaxed. We talk a lot about our families and experiences. When the flight over, I also helped her carry her luggages. She was so grateful about my help that she gave me the big hug when we were going to leave. On our way out，we waved goodbye. She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldnt see each other any long. 答案： During the travel back to my hometown, in the plane, I sat next to an old lady who looked very . She closed her eyes tight and grasped her red bag on her lap. I thought might be nervous, so I planned to chat with her to make her feel relaxed. We a lot about our families and experiences. When the flight over, I also helped her carry her . She was so grateful my help that she gave me big hug when we were going to leave. On our way out, we waved goodbye. She kept on turning back to see me we couldnt see each other any . Ⅴ.書面表達 [xx四川德陽四校聯(lián)考]寒假中，你的父母和你談起報考大學的事兒，請你結合他們的意見和自己的想法寫一篇英語短文，投稿到某中學生英語報，和大家分享你的看法。要點如下： 1．選擇什么樣的大學或專業(yè)？ 2．選擇的理由？(兩點) 3．最后一個學期的打算？ 注意：1.詞數(shù)：不少于120詞； 2．開頭和結尾已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)； 3．可適當增加情節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Dear Editor， Im writing to share my ideas about my future college or major. ___________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear_Editor， Im_writing_to_share_my_ideas_about_my_future_college_or_major. The time is getting closer and closer when I have to make a decision on what kind of college to go. bining my parents advice with my opinion, I think it is a better choice to make foreign language as my major, such as English or German. The reason why I make such a choice is that Im fond of foreign language very much. I always find foreign language an attraction to my curiosity. Whats more, mastering one or two foreign languages will provide me more chance to travel or learn abroad, which accordingly will broaden my mind. Therefore, I think I have no choice but to fight for the last battle to realize my dream. Im determined to meet the possible hardship and challenge in the last term and make it. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua