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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習 第三部分 語法及語法填空 語法講解 專題二 自由填空 第2講 代詞和介詞素能特訓 Ⅰ.語法填空 A．單句語法填空 在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．[xx北京朝陽區(qū)一模]Studies show that people who have a glass of wine per day do better than ________ who dont. 答案：those　考查代詞用法。根據(jù)句意可知此空格代替的是people，而且有定語修飾，故特指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)需填those。 2．[xx陜西渭南一模]After three months of hard work, I wish to travel in a nice small town, especially ________ with an ocean view. 答案：one　考查代詞用法。代替a nice small town，為泛指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，故填one。 3．[xx四川南充二診]The total darkness made ________ possible to make out what the notice said. 答案：it　考查代詞用法。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析出，該空格代替的是不定式的內(nèi)容，故填it作形式賓語。 4．[xx重慶南開中學一診]Animals do not “talk” with words. They use smells, sounds and movements to municate with ________ animal. 答案：another　考查代詞用法。根據(jù)空格位置可知需填可以修飾名詞的代詞，且animal為單數(shù)，由句意可知填“另外一個，其他的”，another表示“三者或三者以上的另外一個”。 5．[xx安徽合肥質(zhì)檢一]—Which of these trip plans do you like best? —________. They are both expensive and boring. 答案：None　考查代詞用法。根據(jù)“best”可知“trip plans”至少有三個，因此，代詞必須指代的數(shù)為“三者及以上”的，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填None表示“三者及以上都不”。 6．[xx西工大附中四模]If anyone knows of recent research about this topic, I would greatly appreciate ________. 答案：it　考查代詞的用法。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查“appreciate＋it＋if/when...”結(jié)構(gòu)。 7．[xx蘇錫四市教學調(diào)研一]Though the college entrance exam is drawing near, study shouldnt take up all of your time.Its important to set ________ some time for relaxation and hobbies as well. 答案：aside　考查介詞用法。根據(jù)句意可知填aside。 set aside“抽出，留出”。 8．[xx北京海淀區(qū)一模]When I was pushed onto the stage, I felt all the eyes in the hall ________ me. 答案：on　考查介詞用法。根據(jù)句意可知填on。句意：當我被推上舞臺的時候，我感到大廳的眼睛都盯著我。 9．[xx天津河西區(qū)一模]________ person is not prepared for this exam，for example，Zhang Gong and Wang Lin havent finished reviewing their lessons. 答案：Every　考查代詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，此空與not連用表示部分否定，填Every。句意：并非每個人都準備好了考試，比如：張恭和王林還沒復(fù)習完他們的功課。 10．[xx浙江溫州一模]She looked in the direction of the window, but there was nothing in front ________ the deep darkness. 答案：but/except　考查代詞的用法。根據(jù)句意可知填but/except，表示“除……之外”。句意：他朝著窗戶的方向望去，前方除了一片漆黑，一無所有。 B．語篇語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 [xx吉林長春質(zhì)檢二]A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__ (final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said：“I dont believe that God exists.” “Why do you say that？” asked the customer. “Well, you just have to go out in __3__ street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there __4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I cant imagine __5__ (love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.” The customer thought for a moment, but didnt respond because he didnt want to start an __6__ (argue). After everything __7__ (do) and just after he left the barbers, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barbers again and said：“You know what? __8__ do not exist.” “How can you say that？” asked the surprised barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__ (work) on you！” “No！” the customer said. “Barbers dont exist because __10__ they did, there would be no people with long dirty hair, like that man outside.” 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 本文是一個小故事，講述的是一位男士到理發(fā)店去理發(fā)，和理發(fā)師聊起了上帝是否存在的話題。 1．a(chǎn)bout 考查介詞。talk about sth.表示“討論某事”。 2．finally 考查副詞。修飾動詞touched應(yīng)用final的副詞形式。 3．the 考查冠詞。in the street表示“在街上”。 4．would/should/could/might 考查情態(tài)動詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，從句用一般過去時，主句應(yīng)用would/could/might/should＋動詞原形。 5．loving 考查非謂語動詞。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”。 6．a(chǎn)rgument 考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞an可知，這兒需要用名詞形式。 7．was done 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由后面的left可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時；又因do和everything是動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。 8．Barbers 考查語境理解。根據(jù)下文理發(fā)師說的話可知，這里是在說“理發(fā)師是不存在的”。 9．worked 考查動詞的時態(tài)?！拔摇眲倓偨o你理了頭。此處是描述過去發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)用一般過去時。 10．if 考查連詞。如果理發(fā)師存在的話，就不會出現(xiàn)頭發(fā)又長又臟的人了。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [xx河北保定一模]When I was young, it wasnt the parental love that filled my thoughts in spring. It was baseball. I loved everything about the game－the __1__ of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old blackandwhite TV. Yet looking __2__ now, nothing was so __3__ as to me as the annual ritual (老規(guī)矩) of playing catch with my dad. Dad was never much of a baseball __4__， but as green leaves began to shoot on __5__ branches and warmth returned to the air, he __6__ grab (抓起) his old baseball gloves and __7__ out to the yard with me. There was __8__ about playing catch with him, the hum (呼呼聲) of the ball as it __9__ through the air, and the friendly pop as it __10__ the leather netting. We may have been 50 feet __11__， but the flight of that ball __12__ us, forming as strong a relationship as any fatherson talk. I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never __13__ that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to catch and throw back any __14__ throw I sent his direction. As I grew older, I realized that our game was a __15__ of our relationship－that even if a problem didnt involve a glove and a __16__， Dad would always be there to __17__ anything I threw in his direction. His __18__ to our springtime ritual showed his love to me－not only to my love of baseball but also to my __19__. Ive often heard it said that “the devil is in the details.” Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, __20__ was in the details. 文章首段揭示了文章的主題。作者兒時每年春天的快樂時光就是與父親打棒球，也正是在這項活動中，作者感受到了父親的愛與責任。 1．A.excitement B．journey C．dream D．trouble 答案：A　本句破折號為解釋說明前句，由“l(fā)ove the game”，那么excitement不難選出。 2．A.ahead B．back C．out D．through 答案：B　考查短語。look back on“回顧，回憶”。 3．A.difficult B．easy C．important D．tiring 答案：C　對于作者來說，兒時的回憶沒有比與父親打棒球更重要的了。 4．A.player B．watcher C．coach D．fan 答案：D　“我”與父親都是業(yè)余愛好者，故只能用fan了。 5．A.bare B．green C．thick D．small 答案：A　as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表明綠葉開始出現(xiàn)在光禿禿的樹上和天氣變暖和，證明春天到了，可以出去打棒球了。 6．A.could B．might C．would D．should 答案：C　would指過去經(jīng)常的一種習慣。指每到春天暖和的時候，父親就拿起手套沖向外面去打球。 7．A.turn B．head C．skip D．wander 答案：B　head out“朝外面奔去”。 8．A.worry B．conflict C．danger D．fun 答案：D　打棒球時的一切動作和過程都充滿了樂趣，哪怕是撿球和看著球在空中飛。 9．A.sailed B．walked C．looked D．got 答案：A　sail“飛翔，飛行，航行”。 10．A.attracted B．hit C．missed D．took 答案：B　看到球撞上球網(wǎng)。hit“打，撞擊”；attract“吸引”；miss“錯過”；take“拿起，占據(jù)”。 11．A.apart B．high C．tall D．long 答案：A　apart (adv.)“分開；隔開”?！拔摇焙透赣H雖然站了有50多英尺遠，但球來回的過程給我們建立了親密的父子關(guān)系。 12．A.catch B．reach C．protect D．connect 答案：D　見上題解析。 13．A.thought about B．cared about C．put out D．left out 答案：B　雖然“我”不是學校棒球隊的明星隊員，但父親并不在乎。 14．A.beautiful B．direct C．false D．sudden 答案：C　每年都會與父親外出打球，父親會“throw back”我發(fā)錯的球。 15．A.reflection B．burden C．problem D．result 答案：A　現(xiàn)在隨著“我”長大，作者認為打棒球的這種過程就反映了“我”與父親的關(guān)系，每當“我”有困難或需要父親幫助時，他都會在那幫助“我”。因為該段以及最后一段回應(yīng)了文章的主題。 16．A.game B．talk C．dinner D．ball 答案：D　根據(jù)語境可知，ball與glove是密不可分的。 17．A.handle B．receive C．put D．collect 答案：A　見15題解析，父親會幫我處理問題。 18．A.answer B．devotion C．solution D．promise 答案：B　父親對打球的全身心投入也反映了父親對“我”的愛無微不至。 19．A.interest B．work C．value D．life 答案：D　揭示文章主題，父愛無處不在。 20．A.confidence B．trust C．love D．help 答案：C　見上題解析。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 [xx遼寧大連雙基檢測]Griffith Observatory (天文臺) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level. Visitors may drive to the observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (預(yù)訂) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest time is weekends. Buses, taxis, and car pools are wele. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line Station. Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free. Hours of Operation Tuesday～Friday 12 noon～10 p．m. Saturday～Sunday 10 a．m.～10 p．m. Monday Closed Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day Closed Samuel Oschin Planetarium The Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, halfhour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose. Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each days show time. Being seated late is not permitted. Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are： Adults (13～59 years old)　　　$7.00 Children (5～12 years old) $3.00 Seniors (60 years and older) $5.00 Students $5.00 Children under 5 years old will be admitted only to the first show each day. Hearing assist devices are available on request. Public Telescopes Free public telescopes are available each evening the observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7 p．m.. All observing must be pleted by 9：45 p．m.. 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了美國的著名景點格里菲斯天文臺的相關(guān)信息。 1．What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage? A．It is open all the year around. B．It is mostly visited at weekends. C．It bees famous because of Hollywood. D．It is the most attractive place in Los Angeles. 答案：B 考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“and the busiest time is weekends”可知，周末是格里菲斯天文臺最繁忙的時間，故選B項。 2．Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater? A．Hearing assist devices are provided to seniors. B．The shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes. C．Visitors are required to be seated before the show starts. D．The tickets for the shows can be bought through the website. 答案：C 考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“Being seated late is not permitted”可知，每場劇開場之前，要提前入場就座，遲到了就不能進劇場了。即C項正確。 3．To watch the show, a young couple with a 7yearold son should pay ________. A．$13.00 　　　　　　　 B．$15.00 C．$17.00 D．$20.00 答案：C 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章所提供的票價“Adults(13～59 years old)$7.00”“Children(5～12 years old) $3.00”可知，一對夫婦和一個7歲男孩共需要17美元，故選C項。 4．Which of the following is charged? A．Parking. B．Telescopes. C．Hearing assist devices. D．Watching presentations. 答案：D 考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中的“Admission and parking are free”“Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearing assist devices are available on request”可知，A、B、C項都是免費的，根據(jù)Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“The ticket prices for shows are”可知，觀看表演要收費，故選D項。 1．a(chǎn)dmission n. 承認；入場費　2.operation n. 操作；手術(shù) 3．presentation n. 陳述；贈送 4.purchase vt./n. 購買 5．senior adj. 高級的；年長的 1．be admitted to 加入；獲準做某事 2．on request 根據(jù)要求；按要求 B [xx山東鄒城一中月考]“Soon, youre going to have to move out！” cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood. One tiny 9inch plant, bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. Roses require a good deal of care, and if it werent for the pleasure they give, it wouldnt be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweetsmelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned (剪枝) in early spring, leaving ugly woody brances until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It waqs the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing (施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves. Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold. First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (縮回) my full fist without dropping the_prize_so_dearly_won. I found two fullblown white roses pletely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. Here I am faced with a painful small decision. To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasure roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind. Ill think about that tomorrow. 本文大意講的是作者在春天偶然栽種的一棵西紅柿長成后非常大，影響到園中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西紅柿美味的同時，又難以割舍珍貴的玫瑰花，面對兩種選擇，作者舉棋不定。 5．What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose? A．Frequent pruning and fertilizing. B．A lot of care and the right soil. C．Tomato plants grown alongside. D．Cages placed around the roots. 答案：B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段：Roses require a good deal of care和第四段Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. 可知玫瑰的健康成長需要精心呵護和肥沃的土壤。故選B。 6．This year the writers roses were ________. A．removed from the rose bed B．largely hidden under the tomato plant C．mostly damaged by too much sunlight D．picked along with the tomatoes 答案：B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段：has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants，...可知西紅柿已經(jīng)蓋住了玫瑰。故選B。 7．By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ________. A．express her liking for the roses B．show the hardship of growings the roses C．show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes D．express her care for the tomatoes 答案：C　考查推理判斷。作者在第五段的第一句用了the task一詞，將摘西紅柿看成是一項“任務(wù)”；其次作者在三個地方用了have to，表示摘西紅柿不容易；最后作者還用了stand on my head reach down and under...等夸張性用詞，充分說明了摘西紅柿的難度。故選C。 8．In the situation described in the text, one good thing is that ________. A．the roses cost the writer little money B．the writer has a daily harvest of tomatoes C．someone will help the writer make the decision D．the writer can now enjoy both the roses and tomatoes 答案：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后倒數(shù)第二段：Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold可知每天有收獲是好事。故選B。 1．ugly adj. 丑陋的；邪惡的 2．a(chǎn)vailable adj. 有效的；可利用的；空閑的 3．productive adj. 多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的 4．ripe adj. 熟的，成熟的 1．a(chǎn)t least 至少 2．on ones way to 在通往……的路上 3．turn...into... 把……變成…… 4．be faced with 面對，面臨 原文：Roses require a good deal of care, and if it werent for the pleasure they give, it wouldnt be worth the work. 譯文：玫瑰在要求大量地護理，并且如果不是因為他們給人們帶來樂趣，這工作是不值得的(werent for...) 仿寫：If_it_were_not_for a few boys who saved her life, she would have drowned. 要不是因為幾個男孩救了她的命，她早就被淹死了。