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Sample Paper Analysis,魏凌霄 石翔宇 李后紅 劉凱 楊開洪,Group 5,Citizenship education and youth participation in democracy,A . Basic introduction of the paper B . Over structure of paper C . Abstract analysis,李后紅,CONTENT,Title :Citizenship education and youth participation in democracy,Author: Murray Print , from Sydney University,Journal: British journal of education study,Basic introduction,Nature: This is a very good paper use empirical and theoretical study s method (實證性和理論性研究研究方法). Because , we can find that there are theories and data, and the author draw conclusion (questions, characteristics, method) from the report (Youth electoral study). Study field: Education& politic science (focus on the relationship between formal education and informal education and youth politic participation ).,Basic introduction,Overall structure of the paper,Structure of paper ( Six parts) (Abstract / introduction/ text /conclusion/reference),Overall structure of the paper,TEXT,PARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY,SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN AUSTRALIA,THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME,YOUTH ELECTORAL STUDY,YOUTH PARTICIPATION,CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS,Abstract analysis,Background “ Citizenship education in established democracies is challenged by declining youth participation in democracy. Youth disenchantment and disengagement in democracy is primarily evident in formal political behavior, especially through voting, declining membership of political.”,Abstract analysis,Topic “If citizenship education is to play a major role in addressing these concerns it will need to review the impact it is making on young people in schools.”,Abstract analysis,Special investigation(method): “This paper reviews a major national project on youth participation in democracy in Australia set in the context of a national citizenship education program. The Youth Electoral Study found that citizenship education in Australian schools has at best been marginally successful and substantially more is required to raise levels of democratic engagement.”,Abstract analysis,Contribution “The paper explores many opportunities available to education systems and schools to address these issues through reconceptualising aspects of the formal and the informal curriculum.”,Introduction,魏凌霄,Introduction,1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges their very legitimacy. 文章開篇提出民主制面臨的問題，并且說明文化的豐富需要民主，政府也希望民眾能更廣泛的參與民主。,Introduction,2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many forms. 但是民眾的民主參與卻在下降。,Introduction,3. The family does not, or cannot, provide this educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are influential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizenship education. Over the past two decades citizenship education has been introduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒體引導不行，所以學校教育成為重要載體。在過去的20年里，學校在公民教育上已經(jīng)做出了努力。,Introduction,4. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is declining, a decline which is particularly evident in the established democracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治參率與仍在下降。但是也并不是青年不愿意參與，他們有政治熱情，但是因為各種原因使得他們沒有參與。為什么呢？,Introduction,Is there a solution to this conundrum and to the challenge of declining participation in democracy by young people? What influences youth civic engagement and encourages them to participate in democracy and political life morespecifically? 本文在這個基礎上，提出問題，有沒有解決方法？是什么影響青年人的民主參與，以及怎么樣讓他們參與民主政治？,Introduction,本文的引言主要是作者的思考過程，即如何一步一步提出問題，分析問題，解決問題，對他所要研究的問題做了現(xiàn)象學的分析。,Introduction,1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges their very legitimacy. 文章開篇提出民主制面臨的問題，并且說明文化的豐富需要民主，政府也希望民眾能更廣泛的參與民主。,Introduction,2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many forms. 但是民眾的民主參與卻在下降。,Introduction,3. The family does not, or cannot, provide this educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are influential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizenship education. Over the past two decades citizenship education has been introduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒體引導不行，所以學校教育成為重要載體。在過去的20年里，學校在公民教育上已經(jīng)做出了努力。,Introduction,4. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is declining, a decline which is particularly evident in the established democracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治參率與仍在下降。但是也并不是青年不愿意參與，他們有政治熱情，但是因為各種原因使得他們沒有參與。為什么呢？,Introduction,Is there a solution to this conundrum and to the challenge of declining participation in democracy by young people? What influences youth civic engagement and encourages them to participate in democracy and political life morespecifically? 本文在這個基礎上，提出問題，有沒有解決方法？是什么影響青年人的民主參與，以及怎么樣讓他們參與民主政治？,Participation in democracy,1,楊開洪,1， Civic indicators - active membership of groups/associations; volunteering; fundraising for charities, community participation/ problem solving. 2，Electoral indicators - regular voting; persuading others; contributions to political parties; assisting candidates with campaigns. 3，Political engagement indicators - contacting officials; contacting print and broadcast media; protest; written petitions; boycotting and boycotting activists, email petitions and internet engagement. (CIRCLE, 2002),Voting in Democracies,2,Yet there is persuasive evidence that young people aged 18 to 25 years of age are increasingly disengaging from their electoral responsibilities by avoiding enrolment and not voting in elections,Schooling and Education for Democratic Citizenship in Australia,3,In modern democracies citizenship education may be translated as meaning programs in education for democratic citizenship, that is, learning about being a citizen in a democracy through educational programs in schools.,THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME,4,1，YOUTH ELECTORAL STUDY 2，YOUTH PARTICIPATION 3， ENGAGEMENT 4，TRUST IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS 5，CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS 6，F(xiàn)ORMAL CURRICULUM 7，INFORMAL CURRICULUM,Conclusion,Therefore, greater encouragement of these elements of the informal curriculum is needed to offer students, schools and education systems an enhanced opportunity for democratic participation by young people.,CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND YOUTHPARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY (公民教育和青年人的民主參與),劉凱,INTRODUCTION 引言 PARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY 民主參與 Voting in Democracies民主投票 SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN AUSTRALIA澳大利亞的學校教育和公民民主教育 THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME民主方案的探索 Outcomes of Discovering Democracy 成果 YOUTH ELECTORIAl STUDY 青年選舉研究 YOUTH PARTICIPATION青年參與,ENGAGEMENT 契約 TRUST IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS政府和政治家的信任 CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS學校中的公民教育 FORMAL CURRICULUM 正規(guī)課程 INFORMAL CURRICULUM 非正規(guī)課程 CONCLUSIONS 結(jié)論 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 致謝 NOTE 注意 REFERENCES 參考資料,,Diction Sentence Sonciseness,石翔宇,ppl. 分詞,Competing forces impacting on the school curriculum have been more successful in gaining resources and curriculum time. Combining evidence from the 2001 Australian Census, CIRCLE, the Electoral Commission and YES, these young people appear to constitute a distinct generation. Declining democratic participation is more widespread than voting in elections. Given the schools role in duty of care the application of democratic participation is clearly restrained, yet compromises can be found.,complex sentence,While disenchantment and disengagement of youth in democracy is primarily evident in formal political behaviour and indicators such as joining political parties, substantial evidence exists that young people do have political views and participate in alternative political behaviour. 年輕人對民主已經(jīng)不抱幻想并且脫離之，當這點在正規(guī)的政治活動以及諸如參與政黨這類指標中明顯體現(xiàn)時，大量的證據(jù)卻表明年輕人確實有政治觀點并且也參與了非正規(guī)的政治活動。,,other forms,As a country with both compulsory voting and a high level of applied sanctions to enhance compliance on non-voters, Australia would be expected to demonstrate exceptionally high levels of youth voting. Females were more likely to enrol and more likely to vote than males and more females would vote than males if it was not compulsory.,conciseness,Within the formal curriculum, citizenship education may be conceptualised as specific school subjects such as citizenship, civics, government or history. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is declining.,