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1、 關(guān)于新課程理念下的高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)改革初探 中英文對(duì)照 About the concept of new curriculum high school on the teaching reform of philosophy. In both Chinese and English 　　隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，對(duì)學(xué)生的發(fā)展方向也提出了更高的要求。而我國(guó)的教育體制也在不斷地適應(yīng)新的變化，從而滿足學(xué)生全方面發(fā)展的需要。新課程的改革更要求注重高素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)，從而造就更優(yōu)秀的人才。所以說(shuō)，高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)也要隨著教育改革的浪潮，突破傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式，著力于幫助學(xué)生領(lǐng)悟馬克思主義哲學(xué)的精神實(shí)質(zhì)，通過(guò)對(duì)西

2、方哲學(xué)精華的學(xué)習(xí)與借鑒，學(xué)會(huì)利用哲學(xué)來(lái)自主思考問(wèn)題。 With the continuous development of society, to students development direction are also put forward higher request. The Chinese education system is also constantly adapt to the new changes, so as to meet the needs of the students all aspects of development. Of new curric

3、ulum reform requires more attention to the cultivation of high quality, so as to make more excellent talents. So, high school philosophy teaching should also with the wave of education reform, breaks through the traditional teaching mode, focusing on helping students grasp the spiritual essence of m

4、arxist philosophy, based on the study and draw lessons from western philosophy essence, learn to use philosophy to independent thinking. 　　一、新課程改革的理念 One, the concept of new curriculum reform 　　我國(guó)教育部在2001年頒的《基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革綱要》中指出“要讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與技能的同時(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)自主性學(xué)習(xí)并且形成正確的人生觀與價(jià)值觀”，并且要求針對(duì)不同學(xué)科的不同特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)實(shí)際教學(xué)選擇內(nèi)

5、容，使教育更具時(shí)效性。并逐漸將學(xué)生所學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)與實(shí)際生活緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)，注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，同時(shí)養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，掌握更扎實(shí)的專業(yè)技能，從而鍛煉學(xué)生的思維能力與創(chuàng)新能力，將學(xué)生的發(fā)展作為教育的根本，進(jìn)而更加適應(yīng)先進(jìn)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。 Chinas ministry of education in 2001 awarded the "basic education curriculum reform outline" point out "to let students in learning basic knowledge and skills at the same time, lear

6、n to autonomous learning and form the correct outlook on life and values", according to different characteristics of different disciplines and requirements. According to the practical choice of teaching content, make the education more timely. And gradually will students study knowledge and real lif

7、e are closely linked, pay attention to cultivate the students interest in learning, at the same time to form a good learning methods, to master a more solid professional skills, so as to exercise the students thinking ability and innovation ability, to the students development as the fundamental edu

8、cation, and thus more adapt to the development of advanced society. 　　二、新課程理念下高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)的改革措施 Second, the concept of new curriculum high school philosophy teaching reform measures 　　在高中的哲學(xué)教學(xué)過(guò)程中，老師一定要將培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新思維作為教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，老師要根據(jù)實(shí)際教學(xué)內(nèi)容，選取適合學(xué)生的教學(xué)方式，主動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的興趣。比如說(shuō)，在講到意識(shí)的能動(dòng)作用、客觀世界的變化發(fā)展、人生價(jià)值以及主觀能動(dòng)性

9、等具有代表性的章節(jié)時(shí)，老師一定要讓課堂充滿活力，讓課堂保持一個(gè)健康和諧的氣氛，積極地鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生參與到教學(xué)過(guò)程當(dāng)中，將教學(xué)內(nèi)容和生活實(shí)際相結(jié)合，充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。 In high school philosophy teaching process, teachers must to cultivate students innovative thinking as a focal point of the teaching in the process of learning, teachers should according to the practical teaching

10、contents, to select the way of teaching for students, actively cultivate the students interest. , for instance, talk about the consciousness of active function, the change of the objective world development, the value of life, and the representative sections such as subjective initiative, the teache

11、r must make the classroom full of vigor, to maintain a healthy and harmonious class atmosphere, encourage students to actively participate in the teaching process, combining the teaching contents and real life, fully arouse the enthusiasm of students learning. 　　現(xiàn)階段的哲學(xué)教育，一定要突破傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)，將培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維能力與

12、創(chuàng)新能力作為新課程下教育的目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，也要注重學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累，只有學(xué)生掌握了扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，才會(huì)在實(shí)際的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)知識(shí)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，從而逐漸地培養(yǎng)思維能力與創(chuàng)造能力。在學(xué)生掌握扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的同時(shí)，更要掌握辯證思維的方法，因?yàn)檎莆湛茖W(xué)的方法比掌握已有的知識(shí)更重要。教學(xué)的根本作用從哲學(xué)的角度上講就是對(duì)學(xué)生思維方法的合理指導(dǎo)。作為老師自身也要具備一定的思維方式，比如說(shuō)，分析與綜合、分類與比較、具體與抽象等等，這樣才能夠在教學(xué)的過(guò)程中提高教學(xué)效果。老師把哲學(xué)思想與實(shí)際相結(jié)合，才能制定出一套適合鍛煉學(xué)生思維能力的方案，從教學(xué)的內(nèi)容以及實(shí)踐等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的安排，從而大大地激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性，鍛煉

13、學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力。 At this stage of education philosophy, must break through the traditional teaching goal, to develop students thinking ability and innovation ability as the goal of education under the new curriculum. At the same time, also want to pay attention to the accumulation of basic knowledge of s

14、tudents, only students to master the solid foundation, will only be realized in the actual learning process between knowledge transformation, and gradually develop thinking ability and creative ability. While students grasp solid basic knowledge, more should grasp the dialectical thinking method, be

15、cause the master the scientific method is more important than the existing knowledge. Teaching the fundamental role from the perspective of philosophy is the thinking method of reasonable guidance to the students. As teachers themselves must have certain ways of thinking, for example, the analysis a

16、nd synthesis, classification and comparison, concrete and abstract and so on, such ability can enhance the teaching effect in the process of teaching. Teacher put philosophy combined with practical, to develop a set of suitable for exercise plan, students thinking ability from the aspects of teachin

17、g content and practice arrangement in detail, thus greatly stimulate students study enthusiasm, exercise the students ability of innovation. 　　在高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)的過(guò)程中，隨著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的提高，他們會(huì)積極參與到教學(xué)當(dāng)中，也會(huì)對(duì)哲學(xué)中不理解的現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑，只有質(zhì)疑才能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生對(duì)哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣，所以說(shuō)，老師要對(duì)學(xué)生的質(zhì)疑進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)，老師也要對(duì)學(xué)生的各種質(zhì)疑與猜想進(jìn)行耐心的解答，哪怕學(xué)生的想法是愚蠢的。在實(shí)際教學(xué)過(guò)程中，老師要將學(xué)生的各種質(zhì)疑提出假設(shè)，并

18、讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論，要求學(xué)生的回答別出心裁，教師也要適當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)，只有這樣，才能充分的調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，主動(dòng)性。學(xué)生的懷疑說(shuō)明學(xué)生具備求異思維的能力，并且加深了學(xué)生對(duì)價(jià)值觀的認(rèn)識(shí)。老師在對(duì)學(xué)生質(zhì)疑進(jìn)行合理解答的同時(shí)，還要做好問(wèn)題的延伸，爭(zhēng)取在產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題中能夠衍生出更深的知識(shí)，能夠讓學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行歸納與總結(jié)，從而更加牢固地對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行掌握。這種教學(xué)模式能夠讓學(xué)生清楚地明白哲學(xué)所特有的思維模式，不僅能夠充分的鍛煉學(xué)生的邏輯思維，還能開(kāi)拓學(xué)生的視野，也更利于學(xué)生今后的發(fā)展。 In high school philosophy teaching process, with the impr

19、ovement of students learning interest, they will be actively involved in teaching, will produce the phenomenon of philosophy do not understand question, only questioning can reflect students interested in philosophy, so, the teacher should encourage students questions, the teacher should also be pat

20、ient with students of all kinds of questions and guess the answer, even if the students idea is dumb. In actual teaching process, teacher to students all sorts of questions put forward hypothesis, and let the student to carry on the discussion, students are required to answer is unique, teachers sho

21、uld also be properly to encourage students, only in this way, to fully arouse the enthusiasm of students learning, initiative. Students doubt that students have the ability to questioning mind, and deepen the students understanding of values. The teacher in question to carry on the reasonable soluti

22、ons for students at the same time, need to get an extension of the problem, strive for can be derived in the problem of deeper knowledge, to let the student to the knowledge induction and summary, thus more firmly to master the knowledge. Philosophy of this teaching mode can make students clearly un

23、derstand the specific mode of thinking, not only can fully exercise the students logical thinking, also can develop the students field of vision, also in favor of the development of the students in the future. 　　在老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行合理有效的知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)與能力培養(yǎng)的同時(shí)，學(xué)校也應(yīng)定期組織學(xué)生參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生在實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用知識(shí)并以相關(guān)的理論指導(dǎo)實(shí)際。現(xiàn)階段，素質(zhì)教育的重點(diǎn)就是培養(yǎng)

24、學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力，實(shí)踐也是學(xué)生發(fā)展的需要。因此，我們就一定要將實(shí)踐作為體現(xiàn)馬克思主義哲學(xué)的目標(biāo)。從哲學(xué)的角度看，實(shí)踐是一切知識(shí)的根本，沒(méi)有實(shí)踐，也就不能真正地領(lǐng)悟其本質(zhì)。學(xué)生在參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中，也會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生的情感及人文關(guān)懷得到一定的啟發(fā)，從而讓學(xué)生培養(yǎng)正確的人生觀與價(jià)值觀。所以說(shuō)，高中哲學(xué)必須將目標(biāo)定在讓學(xué)生能夠?qū)嵺`的位置上，并同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生善于觀察與思考問(wèn)題，并通過(guò)自身的努力，解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。 The teacher guide the student to carry on the reasonable and effective knowledge learning and ab

25、ility training at the same time, schools should also regularly organizes the student to participate in social practice activities, let the students use knowledge in practice and using the related theory to guide practice. At present, the focal point of quality education is to cultivate the students

26、practical ability, practice is also the needs of the development of students. Therefore, we must practice as the target of marxist philosophy. From the perspective of philosophy, practice is the foundation of all knowledge, without practice, also cant really grasp the essence. Students in the proces

27、s of participation in social practice, but also to students emotion and humanistic care to get certain inspiration, thus let the students foster correct outlook on life and values. So, high school philosophy target must be in the position of allow students to practice, and cultivate the students goo

28、d at observation and thinking at the same time, and through own efforts, ability to solve practical problems. 　　隨著教育體制的深度改革，高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)也隨之不斷地發(fā)展變化，更加著力于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，更加突出學(xué)生的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，更加注重學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)。這種適應(yīng)新課程的改革是有利于學(xué)生發(fā)展的，但是，傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式已經(jīng)影響了我國(guó)教育很多年，要想做到高中哲學(xué)教學(xué)的真正改革，還需要學(xué)校與廣大教師們的共同努力。 Along with the deep reform of ed

29、ucation system, the high school philosophy teaching has been constantly development and changes, more focus on training students ability of logical thinking, highlight the students practical activities, pay more attention to the cultivation of students comprehensive quality. That adapt to the new cu

30、rriculum reform is conducive to the development of students, however, the traditional teaching model has affected the education in our country for many years, in order to achieve the real reform of high school philosophy teaching, also need the joint efforts of school and the teachers.