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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 題型專題方略 專題一 閱讀理解 第五講 篇章結構題針對訓練 (xx山東濟南調研)Too often in life，we focus on the things we cannot do.Sometimes we cannot do things because of financial limitations，health limitations，family limitations，educational limitations，and so on.Sometimes，we end up limiting ourselves from achieving success in reaching our goals.We end up having a negative attitude which limits our ability to achieve success and happiness in our life. Through the Internet，I have recently met an individual whom I found to be very inspiring.He has a positive attitude；he focuses on what he can do.To name a few of his acplishments：he has set a world record，and is in the Guinness Book of World Records；he is an international poet with over 900 publications；he is an advocate for the disabled；he is the founder of Beyond Limitations Week；he is an ambassador for the Harvey Ball World Smile Foundation；he has created his own website—http：//wheelierecord.Tripod.corn/ index，html.And the list could go on! The individual is Robert M．Hensel.You see，Robert was born spina bifida，a disability that affects the sense of balance and also has an impact on the kidneys.Robert could have easily used his disability to limit his achievements，yet he has acplished more than many.His attitude to life is one that，for me，is inspiring！To quote Robert，“I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed，showing other ways to meet our needs.Now I look beyond what I can’t do and focus on what I can.” Let Robert be a reminder for changing attitudes.Use his motto of not focusing on what you can’t do，but focus on what you can do! 【解題導語】　本文以患有先天性脊柱裂的Robert M．Hensel最后取得成功的事例告訴我們：只要我們專注于自己能夠做到的事情，每個人都可以獲得成功。 1．What stops us from achieving success according to the author? A．Negative attitudes.　　 B．Constant changes. C．Too high goals. D．Various limitations. 解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“We end up having a negative attitude which limits our ability to achieve success and happiness in our life.”可知，作者認為是我們對人生的消極態(tài)度阻礙了我們取得成功。故選A項。 2．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A disease. B．A disability. C．An attitude. D．A story. 解析：選C。代詞指代題。one在句子中作表語，其主語為“His attitude to life”，由此可以推知，one指代的是一種對待人生的態(tài)度(attitude)。 3．Why has Robert M．Hensel made many achievements in his life? A．He has never changed his attitude to life. B．He always looks beyond his strengths. C．He takes advantage of his disability. D．He concentrates on what he can do. 解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后Robert所說的話“I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed，showing other ways to meet our needs.Now I look beyond what I can’t do and focus on what I can.”可知，Robert之所以能取得那么多的成就，就是因為他專注于自己能夠做到的事情。 4．How does the author support his idea in the text? A．By offering examples. B．By paring attitudes. C．By analyzing limitations. D．By telling stories. 解析：選A。文章結構題。通讀文章可以得知，作者主要是通過舉Robert獲得成功的事例來論證自己的觀點的。故選A項。 (xx河北唐山高三模擬)Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence—and a notsogood influence—on this generation of American teenagers.More than 2，000 teachers took an online survey.Three quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a“mostly positive” effect on their students’research habits and skills.But 64 percent said the technologies“do more to distract(使分心)students than to help them academically”．And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an“easily distracted generation with short attention spans”． The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project.Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a coauthor of the report.Ms.Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster.“Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging.Young people favor these tools.The goal is to really help them bee creators of meaningful content，and not just sort of consumers.” But one problem the survey found is that many_students_lack_digital_literacy．They trust too much of the information they find on the Internet.Judy says these students haven’t developed the skills to determine the quality of online information.“It’s something that really has to be taught and paid attention to，because in a world in which things happen quickly，you do need to step back，reflect and analyze the information you have.” Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all：being able to quickly find information online.Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries. Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities. 【解題導語】　本文主要講述了數(shù)字化工具的益處和弊端。 5．The text mainly tells us ________． A．all the students use digital tools B．the Internet is playing a key role C．teachers encourage using digital tools D．digital tools bring about benefits and problems 解析：選D。主旨大意題。文章第一段的第一句“Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence—and a notsogood influence—on this generation of American teenagers.”為主題句，介紹了該調查結果，即老師們認為數(shù)字時代對這一代的美國青少年既有好的影響，也有不好的影響。 6．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①＝Para.1，②＝Para.2，③＝Para.3，④＝Para.4，⑤＝Para.5) 解析：選A。篇章結構題。本文為總分式，第一段進行了綜述，介紹了數(shù)字化工具對學生既有好的影響也有不好的影響；第二段介紹了好的影響，第三、四、五段介紹了不好的影響。因此選擇A。 7．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means ________． A．students do not have the right digital tools B．students do not always have access to the Internet C．students haven’t the ability to adjust themselves D．students can’t judge online information properly 解析：選D。句意理解題。根據(jù)下文“They trust too much of the information...the quality of online information.”可知，學生們缺乏對數(shù)字化信息的認識能力，還不能恰當?shù)嘏袛嗑W上的信息，因此D項正確。 8．Some students don’t tend to work hard because ________． A．they can get answers on the Internet quickly B．printed books and libraries around aren’t enough　 C．the Internet can’t make students concentrate D．they can copy others’ work without being punished 解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Another problem...being able to quickly find information online.Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.”可知，一些學生不努力學習是因為他們能很快在網上找到答案。 C Successful women with demanding jobs are almost twice as likely to suffer a heart attack，research shows. Those with highly stressful careers (職業(yè)) are more at risk from strokes(中風)，high blood pressure and heart trouble.Women who say their role requires them to work very hard with little opportunity to use their creative skills are 40 percent more likely to develop heart disease or need surgery，American researchers found.They are 88 percent more likely to suffer a heart attack than those with more relaxed jobs—almost double the risk. Traditionally doctors have always believed that men under pressure at work are far more likely to fall victim to heart disease.But these latest findings from researchers at Harvard Medical School in Boston show women are just as easily harmed—particularly as they often face the added stress of dealing with a family. The study，which was presented to the American Heart Association’s annual conference in Chicago，showed that successful women were 43 percent more likely to need heart surgery.The researchers looked at the records of more than 17，400 women in their 50s and 60s who all provided details on their work stress and job insecurity.Those with highly stressful roles，who felt they did not have the chance to use their creative skills，were most at risk.Women who were scared of losing their job were more likely to be overweight，have high blood pressure and raised cholesterol(膽固醇)． The researchers remend successful women take certain steps to try to protect their health.These include regular exercise，trying not to bring your work home and having a close network of friends and family close by. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。一項最新的研究表明：具有艱巨工作任務的成功女性更易患心臟病。對此，文章給出了一些預防措施。 9．What can be learned from the text? A．Women working with creative skills are more likely to develop heart disease. B．Women under pressure are more likely to suffer heart trouble than men. C．Women with more relaxed jobs are less likely to have a heart attack. D．Women succeeding in their work are 40% more likely to need heart surgery. 解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“They are 88 percent more likely to suffer a heart attack than those with more relaxed jobs—almost double the risk.”可推知，C項正確。本句中的“They”是指上文提到的“有著艱巨工作任務的成功女性”。 10．According to the researchers，what can be done to protect women’s health? A．Taking less work and doing regular exercise. B．Doing regular exercise and trying not to bring work home. C．Going on a diet and doing regular exercise. D．Taking relaxed jobs and spending more time with friends. 解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，專家給出的保護成功女性的健康的建議包括定期鍛煉、盡量不把工作帶回家，以及和親友保持親密聯(lián)系。故選B項。 11．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (P1＝Paragraph 1，P2＝Paragraph 2，P3＝Paragraph 3...) 解析：選D。篇章結構題?？v觀全文，第一段給出了一項最新的研究成果，即有著艱巨工作任務的成功女性心臟病發(fā)作的幾率是其他女性的兩倍。接下來的三段具體介紹了成功女性心臟病發(fā)作的幾率。最后一段提出建議。因此，D項為這篇文章的結構。 12．Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A．Career Women More Likely to Have Heart Attacks B．A Recent Science Report C．Career Men Less Likely to Have Heart Attacks D．Breadwinner or Breadbaker? 解析：選A。標題概括題。文章第一段點明了主旨，即有著艱巨工作任務的成功女性更易患心臟病。故選A項。