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1、6 Composer germson Life as a Movie Extra Ordinary people have always been attracted to the world of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras,you may not have paid atte

2、ntion to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while“ the bad guy” is being chased by the police. Extras don’t normally speak any l

3、ines,but they help make the scenes look real1. Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don’t forget that being an extra is really a job, and it’s mostly about doing nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the p

4、rocess of movie making is. In a finished movie,the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen. The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m. , and then you

5、 wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says “action” and you do the first “take” , you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, yo

6、u may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours,sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather2. You may not be nnished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isn’t good,either - often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who ge

7、ts you the job a commission of about 10 percent. So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of th

8、em have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available3. They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesn’t happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distin

9、ction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts. The next time you see a movie , don’t just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself ： Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life? Maybe there is so

10、meone in the crowd who is just like you. 練習(xí)： l. What is true about movie extras? A） Only agents get them jobs in movies. B） They often have to wait around on movie sets and do nothing. C） It’s a good way to get a real acting job. D） They can have drinks in a restaurant. 2. What might surprise

11、 movie extras the first time they do the job? A） It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the movie. B） They always do the same scene many times. C ） The actors are interested in talking to them. D） The action moves very quickly. 3. Why do most people work as movie ext

12、ras? A） They like meeting famous movie stars. B） They think they will become famous. C） They want to be on a movie set. D） They will get real acting jobs. 4. What are the job requirements for being a movie extra? A） You have to have a part-time job. B） You must be attractive. C） You must be

13、willing to repeat a scene many times. D） You must start working very early. 5. It can be inferred from the passage that . A） being a movie extra can be boring B） movie extras need acting experience C） movie extras can play larger parts D） movie actors are quite different from actors

14、 答案與題解： 1. B 本文的第三段詳細(xì)敘述了群眾演員的主要工作要求是在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)等，不用做事，所以答案為B；第一段中描述了群眾演員的工作；他們是演員的陪襯，不用講話。雖然提到他們是在餐館里，但并沒(méi)有提是硒可以喝飲料，所以D可以排除；A中的only一詞太籠統(tǒng)，所以A不對(duì)；從第四段可以看出，從群眾演員到演員的轉(zhuǎn)型是相當(dāng)困難的，所以C也不對(duì)。 2． A 第二段中說(shuō)明了令初做群眾演員感到吃驚的是：拍一個(gè)場(chǎng)景需要一整天，而播放時(shí)只有幾分鐘。雖然B、D都有所提及，但不是令他們吃驚的事情。 3． C 雖然做群眾演員耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)而薪酬低，但他們?yōu)槭裁催€選擇這一工作呢？答案在第四段：他們喜歡這份工作

15、，愿意與別的群眾演員交流，他們自己的工作時(shí)間有彈性。A沒(méi)有提到，B、D不太可能。 4． C 做群眾演員的條件是什么？在第三段和第四段，我們可知：要有耐心（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待，一個(gè)場(chǎng)景有時(shí)要拍好多次），要肯吃苦（在惡劣的戶外環(huán)境中拍戲），報(bào)酬低，工作時(shí)間有彈性。A、B沒(méi)有提到；在第三段的第二句提到：You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m.，表明只是有時(shí)會(huì)很早開(kāi)始工作，不是每日必須的，所以D不對(duì)。 5． A 從本文對(duì)群眾演員的工作描述我們可以看出，群眾演員只是演員的道具，所以是乏味的。B沒(méi)有提到；據(jù)第四段的最后一句，C不對(duì)；第四段的最后一句清楚表明，群眾演員和真

16、正的演員差別很大，所以不是得出的推論，推論是通過(guò)字里行間推出來(lái)的，不是給出的陳述。 參考譯文： 群眾演員的人生 人們常常被電影和電影演員吸引，接近他們的方式之一就是當(dāng)群眾演員。雖然你見(jiàn)過(guò)群演員，但可能從沒(méi)注意過(guò)他們。群眾演員就是主角在餐廳對(duì)話時(shí)在后面坐著的人，是主角舉行婚禮時(shí)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的客人，是“壞人”被警察追捕的時(shí)候過(guò)馬路的行人。雖然群眾演員通常沒(méi)有臺(tái)詞，但他們的存在使整個(gè)場(chǎng)景更真實(shí)。 當(dāng)群眾演員看上去很有意思，你可以看到電影背后的情景。但是不要忘記群眾演員是一個(gè)職業(yè)，而這個(gè)職業(yè)常常意味著無(wú)事可做。第一次當(dāng)群眾演員的人常常會(huì)感到震驚：原來(lái)拍電影這么緩慢。電影成品中的場(chǎng)景會(huì)播放的很快，

17、但在拍攝的時(shí)候，屏幕上幾分鐘的鏡頭可能需要拍一整天。 對(duì)群眾演員來(lái)說(shuō)，主要的要求就是要有耐心等待。可能告知你早晨五六點(diǎn)鐘工作，但你要一直等導(dǎo)演準(zhǔn)備好你要出演的一幕，可能一等就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)。說(shuō)不定還會(huì)出現(xiàn)技術(shù)問(wèn)題，那就要等更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。導(dǎo)演說(shuō)“開(kāi)始”之后，你開(kāi)始演你的第一場(chǎng)戲，要是導(dǎo)演不滿意，你就要重演一遍。實(shí)際上，一遍又一遍地重復(fù)是常有的事。在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，你可能一演就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)，有時(shí)還要一直待在很熱或很冷的環(huán)境中。工作可能會(huì)持續(xù)到晚上十一二點(diǎn)。報(bào)酬也不是那么理想——很可能剛超過(guò)最低工資線，你還要從中拿出約lO%給向你提供工作的中介。 究竟哪些人會(huì)想當(dāng)群眾演員呢？雖然工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而報(bào)酬又低，但還是有

18、很多人樂(lè)意申請(qǐng)這份工作。有些人是真心喜歡這份工作，他們喜歡出現(xiàn)在電影中，也樂(lè)意同其他群眾演員交，流。這些人中大部分都是時(shí)間比較靈活的人，這樣他們就能騰出時(shí)間來(lái)演戲。他們有可能是學(xué)生、服務(wù)生、家庭主婦、退休人員或者是失業(yè)的演員。一部分找不到工作的演員希望群眾演員的工作能夠幫助他們找到一份正式的演出工作，但是希望很渺茫。電影業(yè)里的人大都對(duì)群眾演員和正式演員有嚴(yán)格的區(qū)分，通常不會(huì)考慮讓群眾演員出演大角色。 下次看電影的時(shí)候，別總是盯著影星，也看一下做背景的人，問(wèn)問(wèn)你自己：他們是誰(shuí)？什么在這里？在生活中他們做些什么呢？也許在人群中，就有人過(guò)著跟你相似的生活。 Going Her Own Way

19、When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class farmlies chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools. There they leame

20、d a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria - or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywlvhere. One time she even brought he

21、r math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools： the “classical” schools and the “tec

22、hnical” schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however

23、, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modem languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2. Most people - including Maria’s father - believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.

24、 Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father’s approval. She finally did, with her mo

25、ther’s help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria’s father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883 , at age thirteen, Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Vlichelangelo Buonarroti” in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult fo

26、r us to imagine. Though the courses included modem subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Leaming consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very dema

27、nding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 練習(xí)： 1. Maria wanted to attend . A） private “finishing” school B） school with Latin and Greek C） technical high school

28、 D） school for art and music 2. In those days, most Italian girls . A） went to classical schools B） went to “finishing” schools C） did not go to high school D） went to technical schools 3. You can infer from this passage that

29、. A） girls usually attended private primary schools B） only boys usually attended technical schools C） girls did not Iike going to school D） only girls attended classical schools 4. Maria’s father probably . A） had very modern views about women B） had

30、very traditional views about women C） had no opinion about women D） thought women could not leam Latin 5. High school teachers in ltaly in those days were . A） very modem B） very intelligent C） quite scientific

31、 D） quite strict 答案與題解： 1．C 本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria想去個(gè)怎樣的學(xué)校？由文中第三段可明確得出結(jié)論?！癕aria，however, wanted to attend a technical school.” A、B、D項(xiàng)均有明顯錯(cuò)誤。 2．C 本題的問(wèn)題是：在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利大多數(shù)女孩的選擇是什么？由文中第一段可知“Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，”所以本題的正確答案為C。 3．B 本題為推理題，問(wèn)題是：從全文可以得出

32、什么樣的結(jié)論?A選項(xiàng)未提及。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇待在家里，并未說(shuō)她們都不喜歡讀書(shū)。D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)就算是上學(xué)的話大多數(shù)女孩子也都選擇傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，而并非只有女孩于才可以去。所以正確答案為B。 4．B 本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria的父親對(duì)女性的態(tài)度是什么？由文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Most People - including Maria’s father - believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.”可以得出答案，父親和大多數(shù)人一樣都持傳統(tǒng)觀念。 5．D 本題的問(wèn)題是：當(dāng)時(shí)的意

33、大利高中教師是怎樣的？從文中最后一段可以得出結(jié)砉論“Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishmentsevere for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.”故正確答案為D。 參考譯文： 選擇她自己的路 當(dāng)她1 2歲的時(shí)候，瑪利亞做出了她人生道路的第一個(gè)重要決定。她決定繼續(xù)讀書(shū)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)來(lái)自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的女孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，小學(xué)畢業(yè)就都選擇待在家里，盡管有一曲參加了教會(huì)辦的女子精修學(xué)校。在那她們學(xué)習(xí)一些音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)、

34、針線活，以及如何禮貌交談。這些并不是瑪利亞所感興趣的或者可以說(shuō)也不是她媽媽感興趣的。此時(shí)，她對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)更加認(rèn)真。她不停地讀書(shū)，他走到哪里就把書(shū)帶到哪里。有一次她甚至把數(shù)學(xué)書(shū)帶到了劇院里，設(shè)法在黑暗中學(xué)習(xí)。 瑪利亞知道她想要繼續(xù)正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)。她想要到公立高中去學(xué)習(xí)，很少有女孩子這樣做。在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利，有兩種形式的高中，一種是“傳統(tǒng)”學(xué)校，另一種是“技術(shù)類”學(xué)校。在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)及文學(xué)課，還有意大利的文學(xué)與歷史。極少數(shù)能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的女孩們也大多選擇這類學(xué)校。 但是瑪利亞打算去技術(shù)類學(xué)校。技術(shù)類學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多，他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言、數(shù)

35、學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。包括瑪利亞父親在內(nèi)的大部分人都認(rèn)為，女孩子是不可能弄明白這些科目的。另外，他們也認(rèn)為女孩子不適合學(xué)習(xí)這些。 瑪利亞并不在乎適合與否。數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)是她最感興趣的學(xué)科。但是在她報(bào)名之前她必須爭(zhēng)得她父親的同意。最后在她母親的幫助下她成功了，盡管過(guò)去很多年她的家庭關(guān)系依然很緊張。她的父親一直反對(duì)她的計(jì)劃，而她的母親卻幫助她。 1883年，瑪利亞13歲的時(shí)候考取了羅馬的“Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti”學(xué)校。她在這個(gè)學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)難以想象。盡管課程包括現(xiàn)代學(xué)科，而教學(xué)方式卻是十分傳統(tǒng)的。學(xué)習(xí)包括記憶長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的詞條和事件，然后向老師復(fù)述。學(xué)生們不會(huì)以任何的方式被提問(wèn)或是自己思考。老師非常苛刻，課堂紀(jì)律十分嚴(yán)格，未達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者不守紀(jì)律的學(xué)生會(huì)被給予嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。