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專題十 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài),山西專用,1．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,2．需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況： ①在不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。如： These books are written for children.這些書是為孩子們編寫的。(誰(shuí)寫的不知道) ②當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時(shí)。如： China was liberated in 1949.1949年中國(guó)解放。(不言而喻是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨解放的) ③雖然可以說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，但動(dòng)作的承受者是談話中心或特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。如： My watch has been repaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是談話的主旨，是誰(shuí)修好的則不必提及),④出于委婉、禮貌而避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ?。如?You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你認(rèn)真一點(diǎn)兒做。(誰(shuí)希望，不愿或不便說(shuō)出來(lái)) ⑤當(dāng)人不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如： We are all shocked by the news of his sudden death.他的突然去世使我們大家都感到震驚。,3．主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的互相轉(zhuǎn)換 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者＋動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式＋動(dòng)作承受者 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者＋動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)＋動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 如： We asked him to sing an English song.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) →He was asked to sing an English song by us.我們叫他唱首英文歌。 【注意】 ?某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。如： The dictionary sells well.這本字典賣得好。 The sweater costs $ 88.這件毛衣賣88美元。 ?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些動(dòng)詞，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后跟省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要帶上to。如： He made the boy laugh. ＝The boy was made to laugh by him.那個(gè)男孩被他逗笑了。,?動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后的介詞或副詞不能省略。如： The baby was looked after by her sister.那個(gè)嬰兒由她姐姐照顧。 4．不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 ①連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如： The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。 The watch looks good.這表看起來(lái)很好。 ②有些詞組的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing sth.(需要做某事)，be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)等。如： Your bedroom is much mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上打掃一下。 ③表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。 The story happened on a cold night.(√) The story was happened on a cold night.(),1．Food safety is very important.More rules should ______in China. A．make B．be making C．be made 2．An expert team _____to study H7N9 bird flu virus in April，2013. A．is set up B．was set up C．has set up 3．The sports meeting _____next month. A．will hold B．is going to hold C．will be held 4．Boys and girls，the books in the library should _____ good care of. A．be taken B．take C．a(chǎn)re taking 5．Do you know when the first train _____ in China? A．was produced B．is produced C．produced,C,B,C,A,A,