工程管理專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 8課1
《工程管理專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 8課1》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《工程管理專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 8課1(38頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、Construction Planning施工計(jì)劃Sentence1:Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and execution of construction projects.Translation:在施工項(xiàng)目的管理和執(zhí)行中,施工計(jì)劃是一項(xiàng)基本的并且在施工項(xiàng)目的管理和執(zhí)行中,施工計(jì)劃是一項(xiàng)基本的并且具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動(dòng)。具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動(dòng)。Sentence2: It involves the choice of technology, the definition
2、of work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks, and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks.Translation:它涉及到技術(shù)的選擇,工作任務(wù)的定義,每一個(gè)任務(wù)所需它涉及到技術(shù)的選擇,工作任務(wù)的定義,每一個(gè)任務(wù)所需資源和持續(xù)時(shí)間的估算,以及明確不同工作任務(wù)之間相互作用等工作。資源和持續(xù)時(shí)間的估算,以及明確不同工作任務(wù)之間相互作用等工作。Sentence3:
3、A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for work. Translation:一個(gè)好的施工計(jì)劃是確定預(yù)算和制定工作進(jìn)一個(gè)好的施工計(jì)劃是確定預(yù)算和制定工作進(jìn)度的基礎(chǔ)。度的基礎(chǔ)。Sentence4:Developing the construction plan is a critical task in the management of construction, even if the plan is not written or otherwise formall
4、y recorded.Translation:制定施工計(jì)劃是建設(shè)管理當(dāng)中的一項(xiàng)重要工制定施工計(jì)劃是建設(shè)管理當(dāng)中的一項(xiàng)重要工作,即使這個(gè)施工計(jì)劃不是書面的或其他正式記錄的形式。作,即使這個(gè)施工計(jì)劃不是書面的或其他正式記錄的形式。Sentence5:In addition to these technical aspects of construction planning, it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions(制定組織決策)(制定組織決策) about the relationships between projec
5、t participants and even which organizations to include in a project. Translation:除了施工計(jì)劃技術(shù)層面的問題之外,明確項(xiàng)目參與除了施工計(jì)劃技術(shù)層面的問題之外,明確項(xiàng)目參與者之間的關(guān)系,甚至定義那些組織將參與項(xiàng)目,也很必要。者之間的關(guān)系,甚至定義那些組織將參與項(xiàng)目,也很必要。Sentence6:For example, the extent to which sub-contractors will be used on a project is often determined during constructio
6、n planning. Translation: 例如,分包商在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中所承擔(dān)的范圍通常是在例如,分包商在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中所承擔(dān)的范圍通常是在施工計(jì)劃期間決定的。施工計(jì)劃期間決定的。Sentence1:Forming a construction plan is a highly challenging task. As Sherlock Holmes noted: Translation:形成一個(gè)施工計(jì)劃是一個(gè)高挑戰(zhàn)的工作。正形成一個(gè)施工計(jì)劃是一個(gè)高挑戰(zhàn)的工作。正如夏洛克如夏洛克.福爾摩斯所言:福爾摩斯所言:InformationGenderMaleOccupationConsulting de
7、tectiveFamilyMycroft Holmes (brother)NationalityBritishSherlock Holmes,又譯作夏洛克夏洛克福爾摩斯福爾摩斯,是一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的偵探人物,是由19世紀(jì)末的英國(guó)偵探小說家阿瑟柯南道爾所塑造的一個(gè)才華橫溢的偵探形象。福爾摩斯自己稱自己是一名“咨詢偵探”,也就是說當(dāng)其他私人或官方偵探遇到困難時(shí)常常向他求救。故事透露福爾摩斯經(jīng)常能夠足不出戶就可以解決很多疑難問題,但是大部分故事都集中講述一些比較困難、需要福爾摩斯出門調(diào)查的案子。福爾摩斯善于通過觀察與演繹法來(lái)解決問題??履系罓柺菑淖约阂娏?xí)于愛丁堡皇家醫(yī)院時(shí)一名善于觀察的老師的身上獲得靈感,創(chuàng)
8、造了福爾摩斯這一人物的。其全名被認(rèn)為是威廉威廉歇洛克歇洛克斯科特斯科特福爾摩斯(福爾摩斯(William Sherlock Scott Holmes)Sentence1:Most people, if you describe a train of events to them, will tell you what the result would be.(a train of adj. 一列(一串, 一排)Eg:The pop star was followed by a train of admirers. ) Translation:若你向大多數(shù)人描繪一系列事情,多半會(huì)告訴若你向大多數(shù)
9、人描繪一系列事情,多半會(huì)告訴你最后的結(jié)局如何。你最后的結(jié)局如何。Sentence2: They can put those events together in their minds, and argue from them that something will come to pass(發(fā)展發(fā)展). Translation:他們可能將這些事件都記住,并且爭(zhēng)論(猜想)他們可能將這些事件都記住,并且爭(zhēng)論(猜想)哪些事情將會(huì)發(fā)生。哪些事情將會(huì)發(fā)生。Sentence3: There are few people(幾乎沒有人,很少有人)(幾乎沒有人,很少有人), however, who, if
10、you told them a result, would be able to evolve from(演繹、推斷)(演繹、推斷) their own inner(內(nèi)在)(內(nèi)在) consciousness(內(nèi)心認(rèn)識(shí))(內(nèi)心認(rèn)識(shí)) what the steps were which led up to that result(修飾(修飾step). Translation:如果你告訴人們某事的結(jié)局,很少有人能夠從這如果你告訴人們某事的結(jié)局,很少有人能夠從這件事的結(jié)局去件事的結(jié)局去反向推斷反向推斷這件事發(fā)生這個(gè)結(jié)局的各個(gè)步驟。這件事發(fā)生這個(gè)結(jié)局的各個(gè)步驟。Sentence4: This pow
11、er is what I mean when I talk of reasoning backward. Translation:這種力量就是我說的這種力量就是我說的反向推理反向推理。Sentence1: Like a detective, a planner begins with a result (i.e. a facility design) and must synthesize (綜合;用綜合法處理;人工合成2. 綜合;合成) the steps required to yield(產(chǎn)生) this result. Translation:像偵探一樣,計(jì)劃者以結(jié)果(建筑設(shè)計(jì))開始,
12、必須像偵探一樣,計(jì)劃者以結(jié)果(建筑設(shè)計(jì))開始,必須整合產(chǎn)生這一結(jié)果所需的步驟。整合產(chǎn)生這一結(jié)果所需的步驟。Sentence2: Essential aspects of construction planning include the generation(定義) of required activities, analysis of the implications(內(nèi)涵) of these activities, and choice among the various alternative(可選的) means of performing activities.Translation
13、:施工計(jì)劃的基本內(nèi)容包括定義所需要的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng),分施工計(jì)劃的基本內(nèi)容包括定義所需要的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng),分析這些活動(dòng)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉?lái)完成這些活動(dòng)。析這些活動(dòng)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉?lái)完成這些活動(dòng)。Sentence3: In contrast to a detective discovering a single train of events, however, construction planners also face the normative(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,規(guī)范的)規(guī)范的) problem of choosing the best among numerous alter
14、native plans(眾多的備選方案)(眾多的備選方案). Translation:但是和偵探的不同之處在于,偵探可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一系列事件但是和偵探的不同之處在于,偵探可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一系列事件(single一個(gè)事件中不同階段的不同情況),而建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃人員一個(gè)事件中不同階段的不同情況),而建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃人員遇到的是在多個(gè)備選方案中如何選擇最好的這樣一個(gè)規(guī)范性問題。遇到的是在多個(gè)備選方案中如何選擇最好的這樣一個(gè)規(guī)范性問題。Sentence4: Moreover, a detective is faced with an observable result, whereas a planner must
15、 imagine the final facility(最終產(chǎn)(最終產(chǎn)品、最終結(jié)果)品、最終結(jié)果) as described in the plans and specifications. Translation:更進(jìn)一步來(lái)說,偵探面臨的是可視的結(jié)果,而計(jì)劃者必更進(jìn)一步來(lái)說,偵探面臨的是可視的結(jié)果,而計(jì)劃者必須按計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃想象建筑結(jié)果。須按計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃想象建筑結(jié)果。逆向工程,有的人也叫反求工程。大意是根據(jù)已有的東西和結(jié)果,通過分析來(lái)推導(dǎo)出具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。比如你看到別人寫的某個(gè)exe程序能夠做出某種漂亮的動(dòng)畫效果,你通過反匯編、反編譯和動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤等方法,分析出其動(dòng)畫效果的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程,這種行為就是逆向
16、工程 在加拿大首都渥太華附近,有這樣一些公司,其專長(zhǎng)是分解拆卸市場(chǎng)上的各種電子產(chǎn)品。該項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)又稱為逆向工程技術(shù),工程技術(shù)人員使用電子顯微鏡對(duì)電子 產(chǎn)品的微電子構(gòu)造進(jìn)行分析解剖,這樣的分析研究可以深入到硅原子級(jí)別。隱藏在這些微細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的,也許就是某位人士的專利技術(shù)。這些加拿大公司正是運(yùn)用此 道來(lái)尋找隱藏在其中的專利技術(shù)證據(jù)。在加拿大,這項(xiàng)新興的逆向工程技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛,許多過去在北方電訊等高技術(shù)公司從事計(jì)算機(jī)芯片設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)人員正參與其中,為客戶對(duì)各種新型微處理器進(jìn)行分解分析。位于渥太華附近的UBM技術(shù)公司、芯片工場(chǎng)公司以及全球知識(shí)戰(zhàn)略公司等,構(gòu)成了加拿大逆向工程產(chǎn)業(yè)的核心力量。他們?cè)阡滋A
17、地區(qū) 雇傭了成千上萬(wàn)名員工,向世界各國(guó)特別是來(lái)自于美國(guó)、歐洲和亞洲的客戶提供服務(wù)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)處理業(yè)務(wù)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)巨大的行業(yè)。人們認(rèn)識(shí)到自己投入大量資金開發(fā)出的專利技術(shù),可以產(chǎn)生巨大收益。美國(guó)法院判賠的專利侵權(quán)案件經(jīng)常是天文數(shù)字,如加拿大RIM公司2006年被美國(guó)法院判定賠償受損方6億多美元。因此許多高技術(shù)公司都對(duì)其擁有的專利的潛在價(jià)值看護(hù) 得極端嚴(yán)密。一項(xiàng)專利可能需要幾百萬(wàn)美元開發(fā),還需要每年花上10萬(wàn)美元左右的資金來(lái)保護(hù)專利不被世界上其他公司侵權(quán)。Sentence1: In developing a construction plan, it is common to adopt a prim
18、ary emphasis on(重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)) either cost control or on schedule control as illustrated in Fig. 8-1.Translation:在制定一項(xiàng)施工計(jì)劃時(shí),通常需要選定是以在制定一項(xiàng)施工計(jì)劃時(shí),通常需要選定是以成本控制或進(jìn)度控制為重點(diǎn),如圖成本控制或進(jìn)度控制為重點(diǎn),如圖8-1所示。所示。Sentence2: Some projects are primarily divided into expense categories with associated costs. Translation:一些項(xiàng)目主要?jiǎng)澐譃橘M(fèi)用類別
19、以及相關(guān)成本。一些項(xiàng)目主要?jiǎng)澐譃橘M(fèi)用類別以及相關(guān)成本。Sentence3:Sentence3: In these cases, construction planning is In these cases, construction planning is cost or expense oriented. cost or expense oriented. Translation:Translation:在這些情況下,施工計(jì)劃是成本或費(fèi)用導(dǎo)向在這些情況下,施工計(jì)劃是成本或費(fèi)用導(dǎo)向的。的。Sentence4:Sentence4:Within the categories of expendi
20、ture, a Within the categories of expenditure, a distinction is made between costs incurred distinction is made between costs incurred directly directly in the performance of an activityin the performance of an activity and and indirectly for indirectly for the accomplishment of the projectthe accomp
21、lishment of the project. .Translation:Translation:在劃分支出類別時(shí),我們將對(duì)執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)在劃分支出類別時(shí),我們將對(duì)執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)所發(fā)生的直接成本和整個(gè)項(xiàng)目完成所需的間接成本予以特所發(fā)生的直接成本和整個(gè)項(xiàng)目完成所需的間接成本予以特殊的對(duì)待。殊的對(duì)待。Sentence5: For example, borrowing expenses for project financing and overhead items are commonly treated as indirect costs. Translation:例如,為項(xiàng)目融資而產(chǎn)生的借款費(fèi)用
22、和日常例如,為項(xiàng)目融資而產(chǎn)生的借款費(fèi)用和日常開支項(xiàng)目(管理費(fèi)用)通常被認(rèn)為是間接成本。開支項(xiàng)目(管理費(fèi)用)通常被認(rèn)為是間接成本。Sentence6:For other projects, scheduling of work activities over time(按時(shí)間) is critical and is emphasized in the planning process. Translation:對(duì)其他項(xiàng)目來(lái)說,在計(jì)劃過程中強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)其他項(xiàng)目來(lái)說,在計(jì)劃過程中強(qiáng)調(diào)按時(shí)間按時(shí)間制定工作活動(dòng),這是很重要的。制定工作活動(dòng),這是很重要的。Sentence7: In this case, the
23、 planner insures that the proper precedence(先后順序、前導(dǎo)順序)(先后順序、前導(dǎo)順序) among activities are maintained and that efficient scheduling of the available resources prevails(奏效、效力)(奏效、效力). Translation:在這種情況下,施工計(jì)劃人員確保維持各項(xiàng)工作在這種情況下,施工計(jì)劃人員確保維持各項(xiàng)工作適當(dāng)?shù)南群箜樞蜿P(guān)系,保證對(duì)各項(xiàng)可用資源效用得到有效安排。適當(dāng)?shù)南群箜樞蜿P(guān)系,保證對(duì)各項(xiàng)可用資源效用得到有效安排。Sentence8:
24、Traditional scheduling procedures emphasize the maintenance of task precedence (resulting in critical path scheduling procedures) or efficient use of resources over time (resulting in job shop scheduling procedures). Translation:傳統(tǒng)的進(jìn)度排序強(qiáng)調(diào)保持任務(wù)先后順序(關(guān)鍵路傳統(tǒng)的進(jìn)度排序強(qiáng)調(diào)保持任務(wù)先后順序(關(guān)鍵路徑法)關(guān)系或隨時(shí)間推移有效利用資源(作業(yè)排序法)徑法)關(guān)系
25、或隨時(shí)間推移有效利用資源(作業(yè)排序法)Sentence9: Finally, most complex projects require consideration of both cost and scheduling over time, so that planning, monitoring and record keeping must consider both dimensions. Translation:最后,大部分復(fù)雜的項(xiàng)目要求同時(shí)考慮成本最后,大部分復(fù)雜的項(xiàng)目要求同時(shí)考慮成本和進(jìn)度,所以計(jì)劃、監(jiān)控和記錄必須考慮這兩個(gè)尺度。和進(jìn)度,所以計(jì)劃、監(jiān)控和記錄必須考慮這兩個(gè)尺度。S
26、entence10:In these cases, the integration of schedule and budget information is a major concern. Translation:在這些情況下,進(jìn)度和預(yù)算信息的綜合是一在這些情況下,進(jìn)度和預(yù)算信息的綜合是一個(gè)重要的考慮方面。個(gè)重要的考慮方面。The critical path method (CPM) is an algorithm(算法) for scheduling a set of project activities. It is an important tool for effective pr
27、oject management.CPM is commonly used with all forms of projects, including construction, aerospace and defense, software development, research projects, product development, engineering, and plant maintenance, among others. Any project with interdependent activities can apply this method of mathema
28、tical analysis. Basic techniqueThe essential technique for using CPM is to construct a model of the project that includes the following: A list of all activities required to complete the project (typically categorized within a work breakdown structure工作細(xì)分結(jié)構(gòu)), The time (duration) that each activity w
29、ill take to completion, and每一活動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間 The dependencies between the activities.活動(dòng)間的相互依賴關(guān)系CPM calculates the longest path(最長(zhǎng)路徑) of planned activities to the end of the project, and the earliest and latest that each activity can start and finish(最早最晚開工完工時(shí)間) without making the project longer. This proces
30、s determines which activities are “critical” (關(guān)鍵的)(i.e., on the longest path) and which have “total float”(總時(shí)差). 關(guān)鍵路徑法(Critical Path Method, CPM)是一種基于數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃管理方法,是網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖計(jì)劃方法的一種。關(guān)鍵路徑法將項(xiàng)目分解成為多個(gè)獨(dú)立的活動(dòng)并確定每個(gè)活動(dòng)的工期,然后用邏輯關(guān)系(結(jié)束-開始、結(jié)束-結(jié)束、開始-開始和開始結(jié)束)將活動(dòng)連接,從而能夠計(jì)算項(xiàng)目的工期、各個(gè)活動(dòng)時(shí)間特點(diǎn)(最早最晚時(shí)間、時(shí)差)等。在關(guān)鍵路徑法的活動(dòng)上加載資源后,還能夠?qū)?xiàng)目的資
31、源需求和分配進(jìn)行分析。關(guān)鍵路徑法是現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目管理中最重要的一種分析工具。根據(jù)繪制方法的不同,關(guān)鍵路徑法可以分為兩種,即箭線圖(ADM)和前導(dǎo)圖(PDM)。箭線圖(ADM)法又稱為雙代號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖法,它是以橫線表示活動(dòng)而以帶編號(hào)的節(jié)點(diǎn)連接活動(dòng),活動(dòng)間可以有一種邏輯關(guān)系,結(jié)束-開始型邏輯關(guān)系。前導(dǎo)圖(PDM)法又稱為單代號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖法,它是以節(jié)點(diǎn)表示活動(dòng)而以節(jié)點(diǎn)間的連線表示活動(dòng)間的邏輯關(guān)系,活動(dòng)間可以有四種邏輯關(guān)系,結(jié)束-開始、結(jié)束-結(jié)束、開始-開始和開始-結(jié)束。Job shop scheduling (or Job-shop problem) is an optimization problem in c
32、omputer science in which ideal jobs are assigned to resources at particular times. The most basic version is as follows:We are given n jobs J1, J2, ., Jn of varying sizes, which need to be scheduled on m identical machines, while trying to minimize the makespan(完工期). Sentence1: In this chapter, we s
33、hall consider the functional requirements for construction planning such as technology choice, work breakdown, and budgeting. Translation:在本章中,我們將考慮施工計(jì)劃的功能要求,在本章中,我們將考慮施工計(jì)劃的功能要求,例如技術(shù)選擇,工作細(xì)分和預(yù)算。例如技術(shù)選擇,工作細(xì)分和預(yù)算。Sentence2:Construction planning is not an activity which is restricted to the period after t
34、he award of a contract for construction. Translation:制定施工計(jì)劃并不是僅限于施工合同達(dá)成之制定施工計(jì)劃并不是僅限于施工合同達(dá)成之后的一個(gè)階段性活動(dòng)。后的一個(gè)階段性活動(dòng)。Sentence3:It should be an essential activity during the facility design.Translation:而是一個(gè)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的必要活動(dòng)。而是一個(gè)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的必要活動(dòng)。Sentence4: Also, if problems arise during construction, re-planning is requir
35、ed.Translation:并且,如果施工中發(fā)生問題,會(huì)要求重新制并且,如果施工中發(fā)生問題,會(huì)要求重新制定計(jì)劃。定計(jì)劃。1.活動(dòng),Activity 2.活動(dòng)定義,Activity Definition 3.活動(dòng)描述/說明,AD=Activity Description 4.活動(dòng)歷時(shí)估算,Activity Duration Estimating 5.箭線網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖(雙代號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖),AOA=Activity-On-Arrow 6.節(jié)點(diǎn)式網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖(單代號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖),AON=Activity-on-Node 7.已執(zhí)行工作實(shí)際成本,ACWP=Actual Cost of Work Performed8.實(shí)際
36、完成日期,AF=Actual Finish Date 9.實(shí)際開始日期,AS=Actual Start Date 10. 箭線,Arrow 11. 箭線圖示法,ADM=Arrow Diagramming Method 12. 逆推計(jì)算法,Backward Pass 13. 完工預(yù)算,BAC=Budget At Completion14. 并行工程, Concurrent Engineering 15. 趕工,Crashing16. 關(guān)鍵工序,Critical Activity17. 關(guān)鍵路線,Critical Path18. 關(guān)鍵路線法,CPM=Critical Path Method 19.
37、 當(dāng)前完成日期,Current Finish Date 20. 當(dāng)前開始日期,Current Start Date 21. 依賴關(guān)系,Dependency 22. 虛活動(dòng),Dummy Activity23. 延續(xù)時(shí)間,DU=Duration 24. 延續(xù)時(shí)間壓縮,Duration Compression 25. 最早完工日期,EF=Early Finish Date26. 最早開始日期,ES=Early Start Date 27. 在完成時(shí)的費(fèi)用估算,EAC=Estimate At Completion 28. 到完成時(shí)的估算,ETC=Estimate To Complete 29. 單節(jié)點(diǎn)
38、事件圖,Event-on-Node 30. 完成日期,F(xiàn)inish Date 31. 完成到完成關(guān)系,F(xiàn)F=Finish-to-Finish 32. 完成到開始關(guān)系,F(xiàn)S=Finish-to-Start 33. 時(shí)差,機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間,浮動(dòng)時(shí)間,F(xiàn)loat34. 順推計(jì)算法,F(xiàn)orward Pass 35. 自由時(shí)差,F(xiàn)F=Free Float 36. 甘特圖,Gantt Chart 37. 圖解評(píng)審技術(shù),GERT=Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique38. 關(guān)鍵事件進(jìn)度計(jì)劃,Key Event Schedule 39. 最晚完成日期,LF=Late Fi
39、nish Date 40. 最晚開始日期,LS=Late Start Date 41. 提前量,Lead 42. 回路,Loop 43. 主進(jìn)度計(jì)劃,Master Schedule 44. 里程碑,Milestone 45. 里程碑進(jìn)度計(jì)劃,Milestone Schedule 46. 次關(guān)鍵工作,Near-Critical Activity 47. 網(wǎng)絡(luò),Network48. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析,Network Analysis49. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)邏輯,Network Logic 50. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)路線,Network Path 51. 節(jié)點(diǎn),Node52. 組織分解結(jié)構(gòu),OBS=Organizational Br
40、eakdown Structure 53. 線路,Path 54. 線路時(shí)差,Path Float 55. 完成百分比,PC=Percent Complete 56. 計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù),PERT=Program Evaluation and Review Technique57. 計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù)圖,PERT Chart58. 計(jì)劃的完成日期,PF=Planned Finish Date59. 計(jì)劃的開始日期,PS=Planned Start Date 60. 優(yōu)先圖示法,PDM=Precedence Diagramming Method61. 優(yōu)先關(guān)系,Precedence Relationship
41、 62. 緊前工作,Predecessor Activity63. 項(xiàng)目網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖,Project Network Diagram64. 目標(biāo)完成日期,TF=Target Finish Date65. 目標(biāo)開始日期,Ts=Target Start Date 66. 總時(shí)差,TF=Total Float67. 工作分解結(jié)構(gòu),WBS=Work Breakdown Structure 68. 工作包,Work PackageSentence1: At the same time that the choice of technology and general method are considered
42、, a parallel step in the planning process is to define the various work tasks that must be accomplished. Translation:在考慮技術(shù)和方法選擇的同時(shí),計(jì)劃過程中同步進(jìn)行的在考慮技術(shù)和方法選擇的同時(shí),計(jì)劃過程中同步進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)工作是對(duì)項(xiàng)目中必須完成的各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)進(jìn)行定義。另一項(xiàng)工作是對(duì)項(xiàng)目中必須完成的各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)進(jìn)行定義?;颍夯颍涸诳紤]技術(shù)和方法選擇的同時(shí),計(jì)劃過程中并行的步驟是定義項(xiàng)在考慮技術(shù)和方法選擇的同時(shí),計(jì)劃過程中并行的步驟是定義項(xiàng)目中必須完成的各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)。目中必須完成的各項(xiàng)
43、工作任務(wù)。Sentence2:These work tasks represent the necessary framework to permit scheduling of construction activities, along with estimating the resources required by the individual work tasks, and any necessary precedence or required sequence among the tasks. Translation: 這些工作任務(wù)為我們安排施工進(jìn)度活動(dòng)、估算各項(xiàng)工作這些工作任務(wù)
44、為我們安排施工進(jìn)度活動(dòng)、估算各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)所需的資源,以及確定各項(xiàng)工作的必要過程和先后順序提供了必任務(wù)所需的資源,以及確定各項(xiàng)工作的必要過程和先后順序提供了必要的架構(gòu)。要的架構(gòu)。Sentence3: The terms work “tasks” or “activities” are often used interchangeably(互換) in construction plans to refer to specific, defined items of work. Translation:在施工計(jì)劃中,工作在施工計(jì)劃中,工作“任務(wù)任務(wù)”或或“活動(dòng)活動(dòng)”等術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用等術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用來(lái)指稱具
45、體而又明確的工作,使用時(shí)可以互換。來(lái)指稱具體而又明確的工作,使用時(shí)可以互換。Sentence4:In job shop or manufacturing terminology(專有名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)), a project would be called a “job” and an activity called an “operation”, but the sense of the terms is equivalent(相同的). Translation:在車間作業(yè)或制造業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中,項(xiàng)目被稱為在車間作業(yè)或制造業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中,項(xiàng)目被稱為“作業(yè)作業(yè)”,活,活動(dòng)被稱為動(dòng)被稱為“操作操作”,但意義是相同的。
46、,但意義是相同的。Sentence5: The scheduling problem is to determine an appropriate set of activity start time, resource allocations and completion times that will result in completion of the project in a timely and efficient fashion. Translation:進(jìn)度問題是確定能夠使項(xiàng)目及時(shí)有效完成的一系列活動(dòng)進(jìn)度問題是確定能夠使項(xiàng)目及時(shí)有效完成的一系列活動(dòng)的合理開始時(shí)間、資源配置和完成
47、時(shí)間。的合理開始時(shí)間、資源配置和完成時(shí)間。Sentence6:Construction planning is the necessary fore-runner to scheduling. Translation:施工計(jì)劃對(duì)進(jìn)度而言是必不可少的施工計(jì)劃對(duì)進(jìn)度而言是必不可少的“先導(dǎo)先導(dǎo)”。Sentence7: In this planning, defining work tasks, technology and construction method is typically done either simultaneously(同時(shí)) or in a series of iterations(重復(fù)). Translation:在此計(jì)劃中,定義工作任務(wù)、確定技術(shù)和施工方法無(wú)論在此計(jì)劃中,定義工作任務(wù)、確定技術(shù)和施工方法無(wú)論是同時(shí)還是重復(fù),都是照例要做的。是同時(shí)還是重復(fù),都是照例要做的。
- 溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 電子科大歷年信號(hào)與系統(tǒng)考研試題ppt課件
- 2022年人教版小學(xué)《認(rèn)識(shí)折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖》課件
- 人教版數(shù)學(xué)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第1課時(shí)等腰三角形的性質(zhì)課件
- 2022高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Bodylanguage課件新人教版必修4
- 義和團(tuán)的旗幟
- 冀教版六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)課件:Lesson-23-It's-christmas-Morning
- 2022屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)高考外研版板塊5名詞性從句教學(xué)課件(雙擊可編輯)
- 臨床檢驗(yàn)中的發(fā)光免疫分析講解
- 2022語(yǔ)文S版語(yǔ)文二下《諾亞方舟》課件
- 衍生金融工具課件--(4)金融互換概述
- 火電廠循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)方案課件
- 急性心肌梗死溶栓治療進(jìn)展
- 人教版化學(xué)選修4第三章第三節(jié)課件1
- 營(yíng)銷隊(duì)伍管理
- 汽蝕余量和水泵安裝高度計(jì)算