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Module 3,,Grammar 2,Interpersonal Relationships —Friendship,在英語中，介詞賓語常用動名詞， 不用不定 式。而動詞賓語，有時用動名詞，有時用不定式，有時用動名詞和不定式意義變化不大，有 時意義卻相差甚遠。,一、 下列動詞只能接不定式作（直接）賓語：,hope, wish, want, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, care, choose, arrange, expect, decide, agree, plan, promise, offer, mange, pretend, prepare, elect, fail, long, detrmine，desire等。,They all agreed to start off early in order to catch the first bus. In spite of the difficulties, we managed to finish the work ahead of time. Im longing (desiring) to see you.,二、下列動詞只能按動詞名詞 作（直接） 賓語：,appreciate, delay, admit, suggest, keep, prevent, miss, risk, escape, imagine, enjoy, consider, avoid, finish, mind, fancy, practise, advise, pardon, excuse, give up ,keep on, put off, cant help, leave off, feel like, cant stand 等。,I cant fancy (imagine) his doing such a thing.,注意：下列短語后也只能接動名詞作 （直接）賓語： set about, get/be used to, look forward to, object to, devote oneself to （致力于）等。,We are used to getting up early. She set about making tea for us . We are looking forward to seeing you again.,三、下列動詞的直接賓語既可用不定式， 又可用動名詞，意義上僅有具體與抽象之分，但許多情況下可互換：,like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, attempt, afford, prefer, propose, intend , cant bear。,We cant afford to pay for/ paying for the car. After a short break she started to work/working hard. He continued to live/living with his parents after his marriage.,四、下列動詞的（直接）賓語可用不定式， 也可用動名詞，在意義上有明顯的差別。 它們是：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on 等。,remember to do 記著要做；remember doing 記得（過去）曾做過 2. forget to do忘記要做（未做）；forget doing 忘記了（過去）曾經(jīng)做過（已做） 3. regret to do 對將要做的事表示后悔；regret doing對已做過的事表示后悔,4. try to do想法／設(shè)法／努力做；try doing 試一試／試著做 5. mean to do打算／想要做…… ；mean doing 意思是……，意味著…… 6. stop to do停止（某事）去干另一件事； stop doing停止（不再）做事 7. go on to do（干完一事后） 接著干另一件事; go on doing 繼續(xù)干（以前未完成的） 某事,五、動詞want, need, require 作“需要”解 時，接不定式或動名詞意思都一樣，只是接 動名詞要用主動形式（表示被動意義），接 不定式要用被動式。,Your handwriting needs improving. (=to be improved). What you said wants proving (=to be proved). These books are required Reading (=to be read),Complete these sentences from the listening passage. Put the verbs into the form or the infinitive with to.,do keep meet say,1. I remember ________ her for the first time. 2. You must remember ________ in touch. 3. I regret ________ that now. 4. I regret ________ that I have lost touch with four or five friends.,Activity 1,meeting,to keep,doing,to say,Activity 3,Match the sentences with their meanings.,1. The girls stopped talking when the teacher came into the room. 2. The girls were walking along the road. They stopped to look in a shop window. 3. I’ll never forget meeting her. She was so kind to me. 4. I won’t forget to meet her after school. 5. the teacher was talking about relationships when Liao Mei came in. She looked up, then went on talking. 6. The teacher was talking about relationships when Liao Mei came in. She went on to talk about homework.,A. The girls were doing something but stopped in order to do something else. B. The girls were doing something but didn’t do it any more. C. I won’t forget what it was like to meet her. D. The teacher was talking about something and continued to talk abut it. E. The teacher was talking about one subject and then talked about another subject. F. I’ll remember to meet her.,B-A-C-F-D-E,Complete the sentences. Put the verbs into the –ing form or the infinitive with –to.,Remember _______________(keep in touch) when you go away. Email me! 2. Do you remember _____(go) to school for the first time? Did you feel shy? 3. I never forget ________(phone) my parents when I’m away from home. 4. I’ll never forget ______(say) that. It was stupid of me. I really hurt my friend.,Activity 4,to keep in touch,going,to phone,saying,5. I regret ______ (tell) you that you will not be in the same class as your friends. 6. The joke was really funny and the two girls couldn’t stop ________(laugh). 7. I walk home from school with a friend. We often stop ________(buy) some sweets. 8. I didn’t like Chen at first but we went on ________(become) good friends. 9. First we discussed our families, then we went on ___________(talk about) personal matters.,telling,laughing,to buy,to become,to talk about,Complete the passage.,I met Li Bei for the first (1)______ when I was six years old. Her family lived on the (2)_____ floor as us, and I remember (3)______ a pretty little girl going in and out of the next-door flat. I was an only child and really wanted someone (4)__ play with. One day Li Bei (5)___ playing with her dolls outside her flat when my mother and I (6)______ at out front door. When she saw us she stopped (7)________ and my mother laughed and said,,time,Activity 5,same,seeing,to,was,arrived,playing,“Go on (8)________! Liao Mei can play with you.” I regret (9)______ that I immediately ran over to Li Bei and took her doll (10)____ her. Li Bei started (11)___________ and I began crying too. This was a bad start to our friendship, but we went on (12)________ best friends and I never regret (13)________ her. When she was ten, Li Bei’s family (14)________ to a city on the other side of China, but or many years she never forgot (15)________ me a card my birthday. Those were happy times.,playing,to say,off,to cry/crying,to become,meeting,moved,to send,