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一,二,三,一、表示邏輯聯(lián)系的并列連詞由并列連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上平等關(guān)系的簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)模式是:簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。1.聯(lián)合或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的連詞有and(同,和),notonly...but(also)...(不僅……而且……),neither...nor...(既不……也不……),aswellas(既……又……;以及)等。如:HehelpsmeandIhelphim.他幫我,我?guī)退?。Notonlydidhegiveusalotofadvice,buthealsohelpedustostudyEnglish.他不僅給了我們很多建議,并且還幫助我們學(xué)英語。,一,二,三,2.選擇關(guān)系常用的連詞有or(或者,否則),otherwise(否則),orelse(否則),either...or(不是……就是)。如:Hurryup,or(else)you’llbelate.快點(diǎn)兒,否則就會(huì)遲到了。Willhestillbethereorwillhehavegoneaway?他那時(shí)還在那里還是已經(jīng)走了?3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的連詞有but(但是,可是,只是因?yàn)?,while(而,卻),yet(可是)等。如:Itneverrainsbutitpours.禍不單行。Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.我喜歡喝茶而她喜歡喝咖啡。(while強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的對(duì)比)Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime.她說她會(huì)遲到,但她卻準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。,一,二,三,(1)副詞still(仍然),however(然而)也表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Heisgood-natured;stillIdon’tlikehim.他脾氣很好,可是我還是不喜歡他。Thebookisexpensive;however,it’sworthit.這本書很貴;卻很值。(2)but,while不與although連用,但yet,still可與although連用。Althoughshefeltill,shestillwenttowork.她雖然感覺不舒服,但她仍然去上班。,一,二,三,4.因果關(guān)系常用的連詞有for(因?yàn)?和so(所以,因此)等。如:Iamthirsty,foritishot.我口渴,因?yàn)樘鞖馓珶?。Themanagerwasill,soIwentinherplace.經(jīng)理病了,所以我代她去。5.when(=andjustatthistime)用作并列連詞意思是“就在這時(shí)/那時(shí)”,主要用于was/weredoingsth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereabouttodosth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.whensth./sb.did等句型中,表示“當(dāng)某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在這時(shí)突然又發(fā)生了另一件事”。Iwasjustleavingwhenthetelephonerang.我正要離開,電話鈴響了。,一,二,三,二、狀語從句的類型以及連詞的選擇狀語從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較、目的狀語從句等。通過主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷狀語從句的類型,再根據(jù)意義選擇使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。同時(shí),要注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配的問題。當(dāng)主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),狀語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),有時(shí)亦可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。,一,二,三,1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞(1)表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有when,while,as,whenever。如:Don’ttalkwhileyou’reeating.吃飯時(shí)不要說話。Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.蔬菜新鮮時(shí)最好吃。HecamejustasIwasleaving.我正要走時(shí)他來了。,一,二,三,when,while與as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作是非延續(xù)的,從句動(dòng)作是延續(xù)的時(shí),三者都可以用。as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。while從句的謂語必須是延續(xù)的,不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Shesangaswewalked.Ilistenedcarefullywhileshewassinging,andwefelthappywhenwegothome.,一,二,三,(2)表示“在……之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before,after。如:Trytofinishyourworkbeforeyouleave.離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。Afterwehavefinishedtea,wewillsitonthegrass.喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。(3)表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since,until,till。如:She’sbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。HoldonuntilIfetchhelp.堅(jiān)持一下,等我找人來幫忙。Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.(諺)不要無事惹事。,一,二,三,(4)表示“一……就……”的時(shí)間連詞主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner...than,hardly...when等。如:I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.我一接到她的信就通知你。ThemomentIhavefinishedI’llgiveyouacall.我一干完就給你打電話。IcameimmediatelyIheardthenews.我一聽到這個(gè)消息,馬上就來了。Onceyoubeginyoumustcontinue.你一旦開始,便不可停下來。,一,二,三,(5)表示“上次”“下次”“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),(the)nexttime(下次),anytime(隨時(shí)),(the)lasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次)。如:I’lltellhimaboutit(the)nexttimeIseehim.我下一次見到他時(shí),我就把這個(gè)情況告訴他。Weloseafewskincellseverytimewewashourhands.每當(dāng)我們洗手的時(shí)候,我們都要損失一些皮膚細(xì)胞。Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。,一,二,三,2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if,unless,as/solongas,incase,once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),suppose/supposing(that)等。如:Don’tcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打電話,否則你別來。Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.只要你高興,你做什么都沒關(guān)系。Incaseitrainstheywillstayathome.萬一下雨,他們就待在家里。,一,二,三,3.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有inorderthat,sothat,incase(以免,以防),forfear等。如:Heraisedhisvoicesothateveryonecouldhear.他提高了嗓音,以便每個(gè)人都能聽見。Takeyourumbrella(just)incaseitrains.帶上雨傘,以防下雨。4.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有sothat,so...that,such...that等。如:IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.我去聽演講去得很早,所以找了個(gè)好座位。IhadsomanyfallsthatIwasblackandblueallover.我摔了許多跤,以至于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。,一,二,三,5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),considering(that),inthat等。表示“因?yàn)椤钡倪B詞不能與表示“所以”的so連用。,because,since,as,for的用法區(qū)別(1)because的語氣最強(qiáng),表示直接原因,可用于回答why提出的問題、引導(dǎo)表語從句、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等,而其余三者均不行:“Whydidn’thecome?”“Becausehewasill.”“他為什么沒來?”“因?yàn)樗×??！盜tisbecauseheishonestthatIlikehim.是因?yàn)樗\(chéng)實(shí)我才喜歡他。(2)since側(cè)重主句,從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由,常譯為“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ凹热弧?語氣比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一種含有勉強(qiáng)語氣的原因。如:Sinceheasksyou,you’lltellhimwhy.他既然問你,那就告訴他為什么吧。,一,二,三,(3)as是常用詞,它表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實(shí)或顯而易見的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含義與since相同,但語氣更弱,沒有since正式,常譯為“由于,鑒于”。從句說明原因,主句說明結(jié)果,主從并重。例如:AsIhadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?所以沒去上課。(4)for可表示因果關(guān)系,也可對(duì)前面分句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或推斷,此時(shí)不能與because換用。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚一定下過雨,你看今早上地面是濕的。,一,二,三,6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whether...or...等。如:Althoughtheyaretwins,theylookentirelydifferent.他們雖是孿生,但是相貌卻完全不同。Youwon’tmovethatstone,howeverstrongyouare.不管你力氣多大,也休想搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。Whateverwehaveachieved,weowetoyoursupport.我們?nèi)〉玫囊磺谐删投細(xì)w功于你們的支持。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你相信與否,那都是真的。,一,二,三,(1)though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),可用正常語序,也可用倒裝語序;as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語序,即從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首,若表語是單數(shù)名詞,前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.盡管他們很快樂,但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。(2)although與though都可以與yet,still連用,但不能和but連用。though還可以作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。I’veabitofcold.Itisnothingmuch,though.我有點(diǎn)感冒,不過不太嚴(yán)重。(3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),一般置于句首。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。,一,二,三,7.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as,asif,asthough,theway等。如:Whydidn’tyoucatchthelastbusasItoldyouto?你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?Hebenttheironbarasifithadbeenmadeofrubber.他將鐵棍折彎,仿佛那是用橡膠做成的。Nobodyelselovesyoutheway(=as)Ido.沒有人像我這樣愛你。,一,二,三,8.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。如:I’lltakeyouanywhereyoulike.你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as...as。如:Sheisnowhappierthanshehaseverbeen.現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時(shí)候都快活。Hedoesn’tworkashardasshedoes.他工作不像她那樣努力。,一,二,三,三、狀語從句的幾個(gè)常見句型1.before表示“在……之前,還沒……就……;……才……;趁……,還沒來得及……”,常用句型為:Itwill(not)be+一段時(shí)間+before...過……時(shí)間才……/沒過……時(shí)間就……Itwasnotlongbefore...不久……就……Itwas+時(shí)間段+before...過了……(時(shí)間)才……Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.再過兩年他才會(huì)離開這個(gè)國(guó)家。Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.不到兩年他就離開了這個(gè)國(guó)家。,一,二,三,2.since表示“自從……以來”,常用句型為:Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since...(從句用一般過去時(shí))Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since...(從句用過去完成時(shí))since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所表示的動(dòng)作自從句謂語動(dòng)作算起;若用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所表示的動(dòng)作自動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起。It’stwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我們到這兒兩年了。It’sthreeyearssincewelivedhere.我們不住在這里有三年了。3.Itbe+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when...表示“當(dāng)……時(shí),時(shí)間是……”。Itwasfiveo’clockwhenhegothome.他回到家時(shí)已是五點(diǎn)了。(比較強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):Itwasatfiveo’clockthathegothome.),一,二,三,4.such...that的常用句型such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that...such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...注意“somany(much,few,little)+名詞”,“suchalotof(或lotsof)+名詞”是習(xí)慣用法。Sheissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.她如此可愛,我們都喜歡她。5.so+形容詞或副詞+that...so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.天如此熱,我們都去游泳了。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練)1.Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesitfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.2.theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.3.Youwillnevergainsuccessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.4.Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,historycannotbechanged.5.Itwasthemiddleofthenightmyfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.6.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.,before,Eventhough/if,unless,though,when,before,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,7.I’llbeoutforsometime.anythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.8.youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.9.Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasbornshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.10.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxithebushaddroppedher.,Incase,Once,sothat,where,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Howcanapersonrecoverfromemotionalproblems?Apopularopinionsuggeststhathewatchhumorousfilms.Andarecentstudyprovesthistobewrong.2.Influencedbythem,Ireadwidelyduringmyearlyage,butI’vedevelopedagreatinterestinartsandsports.3.TheAmericanIndianswerenotalwaysfriendsoftheDutch,norweretheEnglish.ButtheDutchbuiltthewoodenwalltoprotectthemselves.4.WhenIsaidthankstoher,andshegavemeabigsmile.5.Igotextremelyinterestedinforeignculturesorcustoms.,答案:And→But,答案:but→and,答案:ut→So,答案:去掉When或and,答案:r→and,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.Oneofmyfriendscannotspeakthreeforeignlanguages;socanhiswife.7.LastsummerIwenttoXi’anwithmyparents.Wevisitedmanyplacesofinterestasthetemperaturewasover38℃.8.Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhissonasifhewantsto.9.Untilwehaveenoughevidence,wecan’twinthecase.10.Shewassuchaproudpersonthatshewoulddieaftershewouldadmitshewaswrong.,答案:so→neither/nor,答案:as→though,答案:as→even,答案:Until→Unless,答案:after→before,