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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 Unit2 Heroes單元綜合測試 北師大版必修1 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A LOS ANGELES—Old people who keep walking a relatively long distance may be less likely to suffer from cognitive(認知的) decline，a new study suggests. “By walking regularly，and maintaining a little bit of moderate physical activity，you can reduce your likelihood of developing Alzheimers disease and spare brain tissue，” Kirk I．Erickson，the studys lead author，said. Erickson and his colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh began to establish a link between walking and memory in 1989. According to the report on their study published online Wednesday in Neurology，an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology，researchers tracked the physical activity and cognitive patterns of nearly 300 adults. At the very beginning，all participants，on average 78 years old and about two－thirds being women，were in good cognitive health.The researchers charted how many blocks each person walked in one week. Nine years later，the participants were given a MRI scan to measure their brain size.All of them were deemed to be“cognitively normal.” But after four more years，test showed a little more than one third of the participants had developed a mild cognitive impairment or dementia. By correlating cognitive health，brain scans and walking patterns，the research team found that being more physically active appeared to lower the risk of developing cognitive impairment. As to how much walking would help prevent cognitive decline，the researchers suggested that walking about six miles，or 9.6 km，per week appears to protect the brain against shrinking in old age. The researchers said the relationship between walking and gray matter volume appears to apply only to people who regularly walk relatively long distances. The more someone walks，the more gray matter tissue the person will have a decade or more down the road in regions of the brain，namely the hippocampus，the inferior frontal gyrus and the supplementary motor area，that are central to cognition. And among the more physically active participants who had retained more gray matter a decade out，the chances of developing cognitive impairment were cut in half，the study said. 【語篇解讀】 老年人進行適當、有規(guī)律的散步能減少認知能力下降的可能性。 1．When did the old people tested in the research begin to show difference in cognitive decline? A．When they were 78 years old. B．When they were 87 years old. C．Between the year 1989 and xx. D．Between the year xx and xx. 答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。從文中第三段可知，實驗于1989年開始，在9＋4年之后，測試結(jié)果顯示實驗對象在認知能力上已經(jīng)存在差異。] 2．What do we know about the gray matter? A．The quantity of it has a decisive influence on the cognitive ability. B．Its something in the muscle that develops from physical activity. C．Its a brain disease that will damage the cognitive ability. D．Its some brain matter that can cure brain diseases. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后三段可知，體力運動較積極的人腦部的gray matter較多，可推斷gray matter的數(shù)量可顯示認知能力水平。]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “shrinking” in Para.9? A．worrying B．weakening C．widening D．wandering 答案　B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文意可知，walking可防止腦部萎縮，功能退化，與答案B(weakening)最相近。] 4．What is TRUE about the research? A．Men and women differ in the decline of cognition. B．The research subjects were required to walk blocks per week. C．The findings suggest the more walking，the better health. D．There were about 200 women involved in the research. 答案　D　[正誤判斷題。從文中第四、五段可知，測試對象約300人，其中約2/3為女性。] B Basketball player Tina Charles grew up understanding the importance of education and of giving back to others. When the WNBA(美國女子職業(yè)籃球賽)star and the xx US Olympic Women’s Basketball team athlete heard about the chance to fund a school in an African village, she made sure to take part. Charles first came across the opportunity while she was a sophomore in college. At that time, she didn’t have the funds to help out, but all of that changed when she was drafted to the WNBA. With the help of two charitable organizations — OmniPeace and buildon — Charles funded the entire ＄32 000 cost of the school. The school, pleted earlier this spring, was built in the small village of Ganale in western Africa. Before Charles’contributions, children living in the village were schooled in tiny mud huts. The lack of proper lighting and of proper airflow made it difficult for the students to learn. The new school building is nearly 3 000 square feet and contains three large classrooms. It can fit up to 150 students at a time and is also used for adult literacy classes in the evenings. The school will be a source of learning for generations to e. Charles undertook this charitable act while playing professional basketball and preparing for the London Olympics. The Olympic Games begin today, July 27, and Charles will play for a team that has won the gold medal in the last four Olympic Games. The first-time Olympic petitor considers her placement on the team, along with 12 fellow female basketball players, a testament to how hard she works. Whether it is representing her country in the Olympic Games or giving back to the munity, Charles is always working hard. “Once you receive, you have to give,”she told Time for Kids, “I wanted to give others the same opportunity I had growing up.” 【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇人物介紹。著名籃球明星蒂娜查爾斯不僅僅球技超人，而且熱衷于慈善事業(yè)。最近，就在即將參加xx倫敦奧運會之際，在慈善組織的幫助下，她慷慨捐資，為非洲的一個村子建立了一所學校，其無私精神值得稱贊。 5. Charles donated to build a school probably because ______. A. she has earned a large amount of money B. she thought she should do something in return C. she had a chance to receive further education D. she was a famous basketball star in the U.S.A. 答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Basketball player Tina Charles grew up understanding the importance of education and of giving back to others.”可知，她認為她應該做一些回報別人的事情。] 6. What made Charles regretful when she was in college? A. She didn’t work hard at her lessons. B. She wasted much time playing games. C. She couldn’t go to school like others. D. She couldn’t afford to build a school. 答案 D [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“she didn’t have the funds to help out ....”可知，她當時缺少資金，沒錢建造學校。] 7. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Children couldn’t learn anything at school. B. Many adults are interested in learning. C. Even villagers can learn in the new school happily. D. The new school is made up of several parts. 答案 C [推理判斷題。該段介紹了新學校的規(guī)模和用途，特別是成人和孩子都可以受益，由此可知C項和文意相符。] 8. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that Charles ______. A. plays an important part in her team B. is always busy doing something important C. is sure to gain a gold medal in the Olympics D. is getting along well with her female players 答案 A [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The first-time Olympic petitor considers her placement on the team, along with 12 fellow female basketball players, a testament to how hard she works.”可以推知，查爾斯在她的球隊中舉足輕重。] Ⅱ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 As parents，I do not believe that any of us sets out to raise a child that is disrespectful or bratty(無禮的)．Here are some helpful tips on how to raise a bratty child so that you can have a child that will be a benefit to society. It doesnt take long for a toddler(學步兒童)to toddle right into trouble of some kind.This is the perfect time for perents to teach the child not to do that action again.__9__ Helping a child to behave in an acceptable manner is a necessary part of raising the child well.Discipline is a useful teaching tool to guide a child. I think its necessary to explain to children what responsibility means.Responsibilities mean the things you have to do.As parents，you should say to your children “If you play with your toys，its your responsibility to put them away.” Besides，coach your children in their responsibilities.__10__ Children should use their time well.We cant let a child do the same thing again and again.When kids are bored，they can end up in trouble creating problems for themselves and others.__11__ Children should be told not to waste their time and they should make full use of their time to do useful things. The children who are eager to increase their pocket money should be taught that money does not e easily.For example，when parents buy school lunch for their children，they should put this spending into childrens pocket money.If children want to get much more money，parents can ask them to cook the lunch themselves.__12__ Parents should let their children know how to be in charge of their “expenses” and manage their expenditure(花費)． __13__It is your responsibility to help and guide your kids.So，the next time you see a bratty kid remember：they didnt get that way themselves，and they have parents who didnt take time to teach them. A．Parents should be strict with children. B．You，the parent，whom kids rely on. C．This process is called discipline. D．You should encourage children to be kind. E．I think its very important that kids should be coached and not just lectured to. F．Parents should encourage their children to save their pocket money. G．Sports，activities and chores are a few things to help give kids something to fill their time 答案　9.C　10.E　11.G　12.F　13.B Ⅲ.短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中 每句中最多有兩處錯誤。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(﹨)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線(____)，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 Behind my apartment，there was used to be a dirty and messy corner.Bits of plastic bags hanged on the trees.Broken bottles were left laying here and there.There was a damaging car in the center.The whole corner gave away an unpleasant smell.One year ago，we decided to turn it in a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have been taken place in that corner.All the rubbish have been cleared away.Flowers and young trees have planted all over.Now birds e here to sing，children e here to play，and adults e here to enjoy our peaceful life.It has taken on a new look. 答案　 Behind my apartment，there was used to be a dirty and messy corner.Bits of plastic bags on the trees.Broken bottles were left here and there.There was a car in the center.The whole corner gave an unpleasant smell.One year ago，we decided to turn it a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have bean taken place in that corner.All the rubbish been cleared away.Flowers and young trees have planted all over.Now birds e here to sing，children e here to play，and adults e here to enjoy peaceful life.It has taken on a new look.