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1、第三篇 Germs on Banknotes People in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still h

2、ave one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes. Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease. Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the

3、currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 . Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 f

4、rom 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash. Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter.

5、 Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm. What we call “paper” money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9

6、to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers. The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand

7、dollar and some Mexican pesos. The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on m

8、oney-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all

9、5, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it 詞匯： pesos/pi:s?vs/ n ．比索 bacterium /kkti?ri?m/ n ．細(xì)菌（單數(shù)） germ/d??:m/ n．病菌 bacteria /bkti?ri?／細(xì)菌（復(fù)數(shù)） banknote/b?kn?vt/ n．紙幣 centimeter/senti,mi:t?。/ n．厘米 microbiologist /

10、,maikr?v,bai?l?d?ist/n.微生 polymer/p?lim? / n. ［高分子」聚合物 物學(xué)家 harbor/ha:b?/ v．懷有，藏有 vendor/vend?I/n．小販 注釋： 1.have one thing in common ：有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn) 2. well over ：大大超過 3. Frank Vriesekoop : Frank Vriesekoop 博士是巴拉瑞特大學(xué)的食品微生物學(xué)家，他率領(lǐng)一個(gè)全球研究小組對(duì)至少

11、10個(gè)國家的紙幣展開了分析。他的研究結(jié)果是：相對(duì)于比較落后貧窮的國家，富裕發(fā)達(dá)國家的紙幣所攜帶的病菌較少。重要的是，世界各地紙幣上的病菌數(shù)量都沒有達(dá)到令人擔(dān)心的程度。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)紙幣使用的年限和材質(zhì)對(duì)紙幣的污染程度也有影響。 4. University of Ballarat in Australia：澳大利亞巴拉瑞特大學(xué)。該校建立于1994年，位于維多利亞省的巴拉瑞特市。 5. after all：畢竟 練習(xí): 1. A coins B money C cheques D loans 2. A different B clean C hard

12、 D foreign 3. A anniversary B year C decade D century 4. A along B with C within D outside 5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces 6. A delivered B borrowed C gatheredD designed 7. A because B though C when D where 8. A plastic B rubber

13、 C cotton D paper 9. A languages B colors C substances D materials 10. A family B team C advisor D boss 11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies 12. A nearly B mostlyC likely D merely 13. A dirt B water C germs D oil 14. A compa

14、re B connect C conduct D command 15. A arms B hands C face D clothes 答案與題解: 1.B 冒號(hào)后面說的是各國使用錢幣的名稱:“yuan in China ，pesos in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom ，dollars in the United States，Aus往alia and New Zealand” ，所以填人的詞必 定與這些錢幣有關(guān)，而且應(yīng)該是錢幣的總括詞。因此選 money 最為恰當(dāng)。c

15、oins 是“硬幣”，cheques 是“支票” ，loans是“貸款”，它們都不會(huì)是答案。 2.A 本題的句子說的是:雖然各國使用的紙幣各不相同，它們有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，那就是紙幣上 有病菌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 different 是答案。 3.D 選century 最合理。選 anniversary (周年)，year (年)或decade都不合邏輯。 4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本題的線索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究與以前的科學(xué)家的研究不同，他比較了各國錢幣上的病菌數(shù)量， 在他之前的科學(xué)家的研究范圍局限于一個(gè)國家的紙幣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 within 表達(dá)“在(一個(gè)國家)里”的意

16、思。 5. A 經(jīng)過第四題選詞的思索過程，本題的形容詞很自然會(huì)在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的國家。 6. C 上一句說 Vriesekoop 比較不同國家紙幣攜帶病菌的數(shù)量。本題的句子明確指出他對(duì)比 的紙幣涉及十個(gè)國家。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 gathered (收集)與上下文的意思相匹配。 7. A 填詞所在的句子與前面的主句存在因果關(guān)系。為什么要從食品店和食品攤收集紙幣 呢?因?yàn)檫@些地方常要用現(xiàn)金支付。本題答案是 because。 8. C fabric 是“織物”，其制作原料不會(huì)是 plastic(塑料)或 rubber( 橡膠)。選 paper 也不對(duì)，

17、 因?yàn)楸揪涫钦f明紙幣的制作原料通常不是紙。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton( 棉花)，這是合 乎常理的。而且該段倒數(shù)第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。 9.D 本段說紙幣的材料一般不是紙，通常是用棉花織物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以選擇 materials( 材料、原料)是正確的。 10. B 本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選 team。與 family (家庭成員)，advisor (顧問)或 boss (老板)合作研究不是 沒有可能，但總有些離譜。與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作研究比較合理。 11. D 本段第二句提供了線索，它列出三種紙幣，即 the Australian dollar ，the N

18、ew Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。選 currencies 是最合理的。另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不合適; expenses 是“支出”，banks 是“銀行” ，statements 是“賬單”。 12. B 本題只有選 mostly，上下文意思才連貫。 13. C 前一句說用高分子聚合物制作的錢幣含菌數(shù)量較少。本題的句子接著分析說，在高分子聚合物上存活較難。誰存活較難？當(dāng)然是病菌。本題答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是 非生物，不存在生存的問題。 14.A 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入句子后，句子成了： “…compare/connect/

19、conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills”, 很明顯；connect （連接）/conduct （實(shí) 施）/command（控制）amounts of time是無法成立的。只有compare(比較）不同紙幣上病菌存活的時(shí)間才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新課題。 15. B人們通常是用手接觸紙幣的。所以接觸紙幣后要洗手。答案是hands。 第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneline

20、ss Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries． 1 according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 ．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel． "For me 3 ,food has always played a big role in my family,”

21、says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV sh

22、ow, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making people think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 feel lonely, the researchers had

23、them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． 9 ,the researchers had participants 1

24、0 questions about their levels of loneliness． Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated wi

25、th those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 chicken soup in the lab mad

26、e people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often as

27、sociated with our 15 with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness． 詞匯： mashed /m?t/ adj．被搗成糊漿的 macaroni/ macaroni/ n．通心粉 cheese / t?i:z / n．奶酪 artery/ artery / n．動(dòng)脈 assignment / ?sainm?nt / n．指定作業(yè) reminder / reminder/ n．起提醒作用的東西 remedy /remedy/ n．治療方法，藥物 v

28、irtual/v?:t?u?l/ adj．虛擬的 注釋： fort food：爽心食品 2. graduate student：研究生 3. The University of Buffalo：布法羅大學(xué)，建校于1846 年，位于水牛城（ Buffalo City) ，屬于紐約州立大學(xué)，因此稱為紐約州立大學(xué)水牛城分校。 4. lead author：首席作者 5. their nearest and dearest：他們最接近和最親愛的人 6. levels of loneliness：孤獨(dú)程度 7. only if: 只有（在……情況下） 8. Throughout eve

29、ryones daily lives：在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中。through 有“貫穿”的意思。 練習(xí)： 1．AbutB ifC thoughD while 2．ApersonalityB movementC emotionsDwill 3．AprivatelyB usefullyC awfullyD personally 4．Alooked forB looked atClooked afterDlooked up 5．AfavoriteB trustfulC boringD annoying 6．AwithB onC byD at 7．AprofessorsB partic

30、ipantsC assistantsDscientists 8．AgroupB classC section D part 9．APreviouslyB FormallyC InitiallyD Finally 10．ArememberB explainCrewriteDcomplete 11．AsadB secureC shyD angry 12．AyourB ourC hisD their 13．AaccidentB harmC experienceDmodel 14．AeatingB exchangingC buyingD keeping l 5．Aexpressions

31、B estimationC cooperation Dconnections 答案與題解： l. A本句前半句說土豆泥、通心粉等對(duì)血管有害（ bad) ，后半句說這些食物對(duì)心臟有利 (good) 。很明顯，前半句與后半句意思相反，所以要選轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞but加以連接。 2. C 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，吃土豆泥不會(huì)對(duì)personality （性格） .movement （移動(dòng)）或will （意志力）產(chǎn)生有利影響。隨后的文章，多處提到吃爽心食品（ favorite food ）有助于排解孤獨(dú)感。所以選emotions 是正確的。 3.D本題的答案是personally0 For me persona

32、lly （就我個(gè)人而言）與下文的意思很連貫。 privately （私下地）、usefully （有用地）或awfully （可怕地）與下文的意思搭不上，所以不會(huì)是答案。 4. B 本題的答案是looked at0。“l(fā)ooked at non-human things” 相當(dāng)于“studied （研究） nonhuman things”，與上下文的意思很匹配。looked for（尋找）、looked after （照顧）和looked up（查找）與下文的意思搭配不上。 5.A本句的意思是：人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感，常常把自己和電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起 來。選項(xiàng)中有四個(gè)形容詞，應(yīng)

33、該選哪一個(gè)形容詞去修飾TV shows 呢？應(yīng)該選褒義的形容 詞： favorite （喜愛的）或trustful ( 可信任的）。但對(duì)電視劇來說談不上信任的問題。favorite 最合理，是本題答案。 6. C 上一句說到，人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感，常常把自己和喜愛的電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián) 系起來。于是Troisi 和Gabriel 想，通過吃爽心食品讓他們想起親近的人，是不是也能產(chǎn)生 同樣的排解孤獨(dú)感的效果呢？四個(gè)介詞中只有by的詞義是“通過”。其余三個(gè)介詞在含義 上都不合適。 7.B 選professors（教授）、assistants（助手）或scientists（科學(xué)家）

34、不合常理，科學(xué)家選實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象時(shí)不會(huì)選他們。participants ( 參與者）是本題的答案。 8.A本題應(yīng)該選group，指每一組的參與者。用class （班級(jí)）, section （部門）或part （部分）在意義上顯然都不合適。 9. D 本段敘述試驗(yàn)的幾個(gè)步驟。第一步要一部分受試者描寫與親人的爭斗，其他受試者寫 情感上中性的話題。第二步（文中用then 加以連接）將上述兩組受試者中的每一組再一分 為二，一些人描寫吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷，另一些人描寫吃新食品的經(jīng)歷。接下來應(yīng)該是第三步 了。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找，只有Finally 最合適，原來第三步就是最后一步了。 1O.D 實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后一

35、步是受試者被要求書面回答10個(gè)問題。complete 是答案。要求他們 remember（記?。?、delete （刪除）或rewrite （重寫） questions 都不合乎邏輯。 11. B 與親近的人爭吵會(huì)引發(fā)孤獨(dú)感，但是，一般說來，人們的關(guān)系若是通常處于什么狀態(tài)，通過寫出他們吃爽心食物的經(jīng)歷會(huì)降低他們的孤獨(dú)感呢？一定不會(huì)是sad、shy或angry ，答案應(yīng)該是secure （穩(wěn)定的）。 12.D 修飾essays 的所有格代詞在人稱與數(shù)上要與they 一致，所以their 是答案。 13. C “eating food with family and friends” 是一種experience （經(jīng)歷），不會(huì)是一個(gè)accident （事故）、harm （危害）或model （樣式）。很明顯， experience 是本題的答案。 14.A 文章中幾次提到吃爽心食物有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感。所以本題選eating 是很自然的。其他 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)， exchanging （交換）、buying （買）或keeping （保留）若填入句子中，與后面的賓語chicken soup in the lab 連用，意思上說不通。 15.D 本題的答案是connections。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在意思上都不合適。