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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 第十一講 名詞性從句講練 語(yǔ)法精講 一．主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 　　 It is John that broke the window. 1. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu) (1) It is ＋名詞＋從句 It is a fact that the earth is round.　　　　　　　　　 It is an honor that many specialists came to our English class. It is mon knowledge that you say “ hello ”to your teacher when you first meet her at school. It is a rule that we should e to class before 8 c’clock. (2) it is ＋形容詞＋從句 It is natural that he can’t speak excellent Chinese, as he is an Australian.　　　　　　　　 It is strange that she came to school late this morning. (3) it is ＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句 It seems that it is going to rain. It happened that I met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday. (4) it ＋過(guò)去分詞＋從句 ( It is reported/said/proved/believed/known/expected/thought…) It is reported that China is going to launch “ Sheng Zhou” Six this year. It has been proved that you are wrong. It is said that that was how Chinese first raised silkworms. 2. 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jingo will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 3. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)．賓語(yǔ)．表語(yǔ)，而that 則不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. 二．賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。 1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) (1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（that 通?？梢允÷裕?例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ) 例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 4. It 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ) It 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.. We make it clear that we won’t e back till next week. 5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, want, need ,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如： I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。） 7. Whether 和 if 區(qū)別。 A. 主語(yǔ)從句用whether, 不用if. B. 在不定式之前用whether, 不用if. C. 在介詞之后用whether, 不用if. D. 在discuss/discussion/no difference等之后用whether. E. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用whether or not或者whether……or not,或者if……..or not,但不能用if or not. 三．表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四．同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置 同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)又在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）， 而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或 特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分） 語(yǔ)法精練： 1. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 2. ______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. How D. The fact 3. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 4. ______ the xx Olympic Games will be held in Beijing has already been known. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What 5. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 6. ______ matter much who will go to the film. A. There is no B. It is no C. It doesn’t D. That doesn’t 7. Go and get your coat. It’s _____ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 8. As time went on, I found my hometown wasn’t ______ it had been like. A. how B. that C. which D. what 9. Energy is ______ make things work. A. that B. what C. which D. something 10. The bad news ______ her mother had died frightened her. A. that B. which C. if D. when 11. Our suggestion was made _______ shops remain open till 10 o’clock.. A. what B. that C. which D. when 12. No one can be sure ______ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 13. It’s generally unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. what ever 14. --Do you remember ____ he came? --Yes, I do. He came here by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 15. I remember _______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 16. _______ leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights. A. No matter who B. Who ever C. She D. Whoever 17. The boss made a promise _____ a rise in pay. A. the workers got B. the workers will get C. that the workers would get D. when would the workers get 18. The reason for his being late is _______ he didn’t catch the early bus. A. because B. why C. that D. because of 19. It is not yet known _____ we shall take part in the sports meeting. A. that B. whether or not C. if or not D. whether or 20. I know nothing about her except ______ you told me. A. what B. that C. how D. where 21. _______ is the most useful invention? A. Do you think which of these B. Which of these do you think C. Which of these you think D. You think which of these 22. _______ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said 23. The possibility_______ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. A. which B. as C. that D. what 24. ______ you go or stay at home won’t make any differences. A. If B. When C. That D. Whether 25. He doesn’t know _____ is ______ he was born. A. that ; where B. that ; what C. where ; that D. what ; where 26. - -It was 3 o’clock _______ we arrived at the village. - -Oh, it was also at 3 o’clock ______ we arrived at the village. A. when ; when B. when ; that C. that ; that D. that ; when 27. Lei Feng was always thinking of _____ he could help others. A. that B. how C. when D. which 答案：1—5BABAD 6—10CBDBA 11—15BABAA 16—20DCCBA 21—25BBCDA 26—27BB