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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 北師大版 　　一、就近一致原則 1．由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2．here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 二、意義一致原則 1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況 (1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 Politics is his favorite subject. (2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? 2．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the murderer. 3．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)表示的意義而定 (1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，pany，government，population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語(yǔ)境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. (2)“the＋形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 三、語(yǔ)法一致原則 1．由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ) (1)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋a/the＋名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived. (3)“every＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋every＋名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. (4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Bread and butter is not to his taste. 2．表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Is fifty pounds enough? 3．“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來(lái)定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Twothirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 1．Listening to loud music at rock concerts________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(xx湖南，33) A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．have 2．Such poets as Shakespeare________widely read，of whose works，however，some________difficult to understand.(xx四川，15) A．a(chǎn)re；are B．is；is C．a(chǎn)re；is D．is；are 3．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress.(xx全國(guó)Ⅱ，9) A．wear B．wears C．has worn D．have worn 4．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1997.(xx山東，25) A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has been D．have been 5．Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ visit Beijing this summer.(xx陜西，7) A．is going to B．a(chǎn)re going to C．was going to D．were going to 一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．—Several department stores，including the one we usually go to，________________(have) sidewalk sales this week. —Let’s go and have a look. 2．What the science teacher does and says ________(be) of great importance to college students. 3.A number of students ________(be) playing on the ground but I don’t know what the exact number ________(be)． 4.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________(be) to blame for their son’s bad behaviour at school. 5．—Mike，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who ________(be) to visit the museum_________(be) asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. 6．Britain in mon with many other industrialized countries，________________(experience) major changes over the last 100 years. 7．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority ________(be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 8．So far a series of problems ________________(be) brought about by this decision. 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1．The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans. A．has B．do C．is D．a(chǎn)re 2．In fact，not only Mary and I but also Jane ________ having one exam after another. A．is tired for B．a(chǎn)re tired with C．is tired of D．a(chǎn)re tired of 3．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited. A．were B．have been C．has been D．was 4．At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A．were B．was C．is D．sits 5．Butter and bread ________ their daily food，but the bread and the butter ________ up now. A．is；is eaten B．a(chǎn)re；have been eaten C．a(chǎn)re；are eaten D．is；have been eaten 6．An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper’s offer.Such ________ the case with us at present. A．a(chǎn)re；is B．has been；has been C．have been；is D．is；are 7．It’s said that the team ________ twelve top European players. A．consists of B．is consisted of C．a(chǎn)re made up of D．make up of 8．Sixty miles ________ in a single night，so they were exhausted. A．is covered B．was covered C．a(chǎn)re covered D．has covered 9．________ an EnglishChinese dictionary. A．The students each have B．The students each has C．Each the students has D．Each of the students have 10．________ of the Russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and ________ of them were killed unfortunately. A．The number；the number B．The number；a number C．A number；half D．A number；three quarters 11．Email，as well as telephones，________ an important part in daily munication. A．is playing B．have played C．a(chǎn)re playing D．play 12．All but one ________ here just now. A．is B．was C．has been D．were 13．Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A．is used B．a(chǎn)re used C．has been used D．have been used 14．He is the only one of the students who ________ the winner of scholarship for three years. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．have been D．has been 15．When and where to go for the onsalary holiday ________ yet. A．a(chǎn)re not decided B．have not been decided C．is not being decided D．has not been decided 16．No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign. A．knows B．know C．have known D．a(chǎn)m to know 17．The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A．was B．were C．had been D．would be 18．All the employees except the manager ________ to work online at home. A．encourages B．encourage C．is encouraged D．a(chǎn)re encouraged 答案 感悟高考 1．C　[句意為：聽搖滾音樂(lè)會(huì)中的大聲的音樂(lè)已導(dǎo)致一些青少年失聰了。本題主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 2．A　[句意為：一些詩(shī)人，像莎士比亞，(其作品)被廣泛閱讀，然而，其中一些作品是難以理解的。句中of whose works到句末為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；第一個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)是some poets，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；第二個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)是some of whose works，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 3．B　[句意為：Barbara很容易被辨認(rèn)出來(lái)，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰幻┩矶Y服的婦女。題干中先行詞是the only one，故定語(yǔ)從句中用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)知，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。] 4．C　[“the number of＋n.”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；由since 1997可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。] 5．A　[當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與介詞短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。] 領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法 一、1.are having　2.is　3.are；is　4.is　5.are；is 6．has experienced　7.were　8.have been 二、1.D　[as...as...在這里表示“同……一樣”的意思。句意為：大氣是地球的一部分，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一樣。后面是一個(gè)省略句。原句還原為完整的句子為The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因?yàn)橛胊nd連接了soil和water，故用復(fù)數(shù)are。] 2．C　[not only...but also連接的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)就近原則來(lái)定，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。] 3．D　[主語(yǔ)是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問(wèn)昨晚的情況，有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。] 4．A　[表處所的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)句子要用倒裝，該句的主語(yǔ)是a soldier and two young people，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 5．D　[butter and bread抹上黃油的面包，已經(jīng)是一種約定俗成的食物了，所以用單數(shù)形式；the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”，是兩種食物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。] 6．A　[an average of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the average of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；第二個(gè)句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是the case，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。] 7．A　[the team是指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；consist of無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。] 8．B　[表示距離的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；由were可知用過(guò)去式。cover意為“行過(guò)(路程)”。] 9．A　[each作the students的同位語(yǔ)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；D項(xiàng)中的主語(yǔ)是each，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；沒(méi)有C項(xiàng)這種表達(dá)形式。] 10．B　[the number of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；a number of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“大量的……”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。] 11．A　[Email作主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，句中謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。] 12．D　[All but one，意為“所有人除了一個(gè)”，主語(yǔ)依然是All，復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。] 13．C　[every possible means每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過(guò)了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。] 14．D　[有the only修飾先行詞，其后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。] 15．D　[when and where to do雖有and 連接，但指同一事，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)看成單數(shù)。] 16．A　[no one在句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用knows。] 17．A　[the teacher作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)(was)且和visiting構(gòu)成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。] 18．D　[all the employees在句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，且表示被動(dòng)，故用are encouraged。]