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2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第十八講 代詞講練 語法精講 代詞的用法: 　 1) 人稱代詞: 表示 " 我,你,他,我們,你們,他們等 " 的詞叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱,數(shù)和格之分。 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 第三人稱 he him she her it it they them it的主要用法： What is this?? It is a harvester (剛提到的事物) Who is making the noise? It must be the children (指未明身份的人或物) It is fine. （天氣等自然現(xiàn)象） It is 6 o’clock （時(shí)間，季節(jié)） It is about five miles to the Summer Place. （距離） It will be lovely in the park today. （環(huán)境情況等） It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it. (形式主語) He found it difficult to learn English （形式賓語） It ‘s through struggle that we learn this truth （強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 　 2) 物主代詞: 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞。物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。列表如下。 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 第一人稱 my our mine ours 第二人稱 your our yours yours 第三人稱 his her its their His hers its theirs 形容詞性物主代詞可用作定語,例如: I love my country. 我熱愛我的國家。 名詞性的物主代詞可用作主語,賓語,表語以及與"of" 連接的定語。 Li Huas bike is red, and yours is green. 李華的自行車是紅色的,而你的是綠色的。 3）反身代詞:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我們自己,你們自己,他們自己等的詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞第一, 二人稱構(gòu)成是由形容詞性物主代詞加 "-self " (復(fù)數(shù)加 -selves )構(gòu)成。 第三人稱反身代詞是由人稱代詞賓格形式加 - self (復(fù)數(shù)加 - selves ) 構(gòu)成。 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一人稱 myself ourselves 第二人稱 yourself yourselves 第三人稱 Himself, herself, itself themselves 反身代詞的用法:可用作賓語,表語,以及主語賓語的同位語。 I am teaching myself puter. 我自學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)。 You should ask the children themselves.　你應(yīng)該問一問孩子們自己。 4）指示代詞: 表示this, that, these, those以及such, the same等詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞在句中作主語, 賓語, 表語, 定語。 指示代詞的用法: this 和 these 表示時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物。that 和those 則表示較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。 These are cars. 這些是汽車。 I am busy these days. 我這些日子很忙。 That is not a room.　那不是一間房間。 Those are threes. 那些是樹。 that 和those 還可以指前文中的事物, this 和 these 指下文中將要講到的事物。他們起一種承上或啟下的作用。 I got up late, thats why I missed the bus. 我起床遲了,這就是為什么我沒趕上車。 　 5) 不定代詞: 　 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代詞,常用的不定代詞如下: all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。 不定代詞的用法： 代替名詞或形容詞。在句中可用作主語, 賓語，表語和定語。 Everybody should be here in time tomorrow. 明天大家都要按時(shí)到。 Thats all I know.　這就是我知道的。 不定代詞的具體用法: ?、?any 一些,任何。 any 多用作否定或疑問句中,any 在句中作主語, 賓語, 定語。 any作定語時(shí),它所修飾的名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)限制。 any 用在肯定句中,表示"任何"。 Do you have any books?　你有書嗎? You can e any time.　你什么時(shí)候都可以來。 some 一些,某些,某個(gè)。 some 多用在肯定句中,表示邀請或者對方可能給予肯定回答的疑問句中等。 There are a lot of flowers in the garden, some are white, which I like very much. I am going to get some ink. 我去弄點(diǎn)墨水。 Will you have some coffee, please?　喝點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？ ② no 無.在句中作定語.表示否定,語氣要比 not any 強(qiáng). no one 后不接of She knows no English.　她根本就不懂英語。 ③ none 無人,無物,無東西.在句中作主語 ,定語,賓語 Its none of your business.這不關(guān)你的事。 ④ many 許多.句中作主語,賓語,定語. many 代替可數(shù)名詞。much 代替不可數(shù)名詞。 Many of the students like English very much.　許多學(xué)生非常喜歡英語。 There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里沒多少墨水了。 ⑤ a few幾個(gè), a little一點(diǎn)兒, few沒幾個(gè), little 沒多少。它們在句中作主語,賓語,定語,其中 a few 和 few 代替可數(shù)名詞 , a little 和 little 代替不可數(shù)名詞，它們表示少量,不多,幾個(gè), 只是主觀上的一種相對說法，并沒有具體的數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Few of the books are cheap now. 現(xiàn)在沒幾本兒書是便宜的。 A few friends came to see me yesterday. 昨天有幾個(gè)朋友來看我。 I have a little money to buy the book.我的這點(diǎn)錢能買這本書。 There is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶沒多少水了。 ⑥ either（兩者之一）, neither（兩者都不）, both（兩者全都） If you can sit still, you may sit at ____ end of the boat ⑦　another, other, the other, others 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 泛指 another（另外一個(gè)） 作定語 作主語，賓語 other (rade) others 特指 the other另外那個(gè) the other (rades) the others Just think what our country will be like in another ten years. Show me another, please Four of us are in the workshop. What about the others. Other people may not think that way. Others may object your idea. ⑧　one, that , those That, those可以用來代替前面提到的東西(可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞)。 The machines are better than those we turned out last year. The oil output in 1968 was much higher than that (the oil output) of 1966. 如果這些名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞， the ones用的時(shí)候多一些。 My room was lighter than the ones next door. one有時(shí)也可用代詞, 代替前面提到的東西來避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞（可數(shù)名詞）。 Do you need my pen? No, thanks, I have got one. Your question is a difficult one. Take down the book for me, the one with a red cover. The large ones are 45 yuan each. 語法精練： 1. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 2. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 3. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 4. ---Why don’t we take a little break? ---Didn’t we just have _____? A. it B. that C. one D. this 5. Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from _____. A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past 6. Some people would rather ride bikes as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses. A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither 7. ---He was nearly drowned once. ---When was _____? ---_____ was in xx when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 8. ---Your coffee smells great! ---It’s from Mexico. Would you like _____! A. it B. some C. this D. little 9. ---I am sorry I’m calling you so late. --- _____ okay. A. This is B. You’re C. That’s D. I’m 10. ---There’s coffee and tea, you can have _____. ---Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 答案: 1—5BBDCA 6—10 BABCA