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2019年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great Scientists課時(shí)作業(yè) 新人教版必修5 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 　　Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of plex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其對(duì)世界所做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。他是唯一一位兩度獨(dú)立獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的科學(xué)家。 1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　　　. A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes C. was once badly treated in Washington High School D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段最后一句話“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。 2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A. The“behavior”of molecules. B. Physical chemistry. C. Biological chemistry. D. The human body. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。從第二段第二句話“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我們可以看出, Pauling的興趣發(fā)生了變化, 從physical chemistry轉(zhuǎn)到了biological chemistry上, 所以正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　　　. A. had to stop his research because of the war B. made great contributions to the safety of the country C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country D. took part in researching nuclear bombs 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 4. The main idea of the passage is to show　　　. A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其對(duì)世界的貢獻(xiàn), 所以應(yīng)該選擇B選項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 　　This is a story that can teach us a good lesson. One day, a man in rags begged from door to door along the street. With an old wallet in his hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy something to eat. He kept plaining about his bad fortune and kept　1　why those who had so much money were never　2　and were always desiring more. “As far as I’m concerned, if I had only enough to　3　and to wear, I would not want anything more. ” Just at that moment Goddess Fortune, who came down the　4　saw the beggar and said to him, “Hi, I have wished to　5　you for a long time. Now, open your　6　and I will pour my gold into it. But I will do that only on this　7　: All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　8　shall bee dust. Do you understand? ” “I see. ”said the beggar. “Then you should　9　! It’s obvious that your wallet is a(n)　10　one, so don’t load it too heavily, ”said the Goddess Fortune. The excited beggar could hardly　11　to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a　12　of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier and heavier. “Is that enough? Isn’t it cracking? ”asked the Goddess Fortune. “Never　13　. It’s still strong enough now. ”answered the beggar. The wallet was filled with so many coins that the beggar’s hands began to　14　. “Ah, if only the golden stream would　15　forever! Just a little more, ”said the beggar, “　16　just a handful or two. ” “There! It’s full. The wallet will　17　. ”warned the Goddess Fortune, but the beggar requested, “It will　18　a little more, just a little more. ” One more piece was added and the wallet split. The　19　fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar had now　20　but his broken wallet. 【文章大意】一個(gè)沿街乞討的乞丐遇到了財(cái)富女神, 財(cái)富女神給了乞丐許多金幣, 同時(shí)告誡乞丐, 金幣掉到地上則化為塵土。貪婪的乞丐不聽勸告, 導(dǎo)致金幣撐破錢包化為塵土, 乞丐又變得一無(wú)所有。故事告誡人們面對(duì)金錢不要貪得無(wú)厭。 1. A. showing　 B. explaining　 C. proving　 D. wondering 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句, 為什么那些人如此有錢卻從不滿足, 還想得到更多。可知乞丐對(duì)此百思不得其解, “keep wondering”(一直想知道)符合句意。 2. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. worried D. depressed 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。還想得到更多, 所以不滿足, B項(xiàng)符合句意。 3. A. learn B. watch C. eat D. play 【解析】選C。背景常識(shí)題。由常識(shí)可知, 乞丐最重要的是要解決吃和穿的問題。eat(吃)對(duì)應(yīng)下面提到的“穿”, 符合語(yǔ)境。 4. A. street B. bridge C. yard D. forest 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第一段, 乞丐在沿街乞討, 所以財(cái)富女神降臨到大街上才能看到乞丐。street(街道)符合語(yǔ)境。 5. A. praise B. forgive C. help D. fort 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下文, “打開你的錢包, 我要給你一些金子”, 可知財(cái)富女神想幫助乞丐。所以選help(幫助)。 6. A. coat B. pocket C. box D. wallet 【解析】選D。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下文“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold(所有進(jìn)入你錢包的都是純金)”可知乞丐打開的是一個(gè)錢包, 所以選wallet。前文也有提示。 7. A. occasion B. suggestion C. situation D. condition 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。只有在這種條件下, “我”才會(huì)去做。“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the　　　shall bee dust”解釋上文提到的這種條件。condition“條件、狀況”, 符合句意。 8. A. hand B. feet C. ground D. street 【解析】選C。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。句意: 每一枚掉到地上的金幣都會(huì)變成塵土。ground(地面)一詞在最后一段中出現(xiàn)。 9. A. look out B. look after C. look up D. look down 【解析】選A。短語(yǔ)辨析題。根據(jù)下文財(cái)富女神告誡乞丐不要裝得太多, 提醒乞丐注意、當(dāng)心。所以選look out。look after照顧; look up仰視, 向上看; look down俯視。 10. A. small B. empty C. worn D. full 【解析】選C。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。第一段中“With an old wallet in his hand”表明這是一個(gè)舊錢包, 所以選worn, 意思是: 用舊的。 11. A. stand B. wait C. breathe D. think 【解析】選B。固定搭配題。could hardly wait to do sth. 意為: 迫不及待做某事。句意: 激動(dòng)的乞丐早已迫不及待地想拿到金子。 12. A. stream B. piece C. pair D. variety 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中提到“golden stream”可知答案。 13. A. stop B. request C. fear D. insist 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。通過乞丐告訴財(cái)富女神錢包現(xiàn)在還很結(jié)實(shí), 可知不要為錢包擔(dān)心。Never fear. 不要害怕。 14. A. spread B. close C. loose D. shake 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。句意: 錢包裝了如此多的金幣, 乞丐的手開始發(fā)抖。shake(發(fā)抖), 符合語(yǔ)境。spread伸展; close關(guān)閉; loose放松, 均不符合語(yǔ)境。 15. A. pour B. end C. dry D. melt 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。乞丐希望金子源源不斷地流出, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有pour(流出)能形象地描繪出乞丐的貪婪。 16. A. take B. add C. lend D. send 【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。最后一段的第一句話有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn): One more piece was added and the wallet split。 17. A. flow B. burst C. disappear D. change 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。錢包已經(jīng)裝滿了, 而且是一個(gè)舊錢包, 繼續(xù)裝可能會(huì)裂開。所以選burst“破裂”。下文中的“split”為同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 18. A. attract B. permit C. include D. hold 【解析】選D。詞義辨析題。貪婪的乞丐認(rèn)為錢包還能多裝一點(diǎn)。hold“容納”, 符合語(yǔ)境。 19. A. present B. food C. treasure D. metal 【解析】選C。背景常識(shí)題。treasure(財(cái)寶)這里指代金幣。錢包破裂后金幣自然會(huì)掉到地上。present禮物; food食物; metal金屬, 均不符合句意。 20. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。句意: 現(xiàn)在貪婪的乞丐除了破裂的錢包一無(wú)所有了。nothing什么也沒有。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 　　I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance, were a sure path　1　success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, 　2　was originally to be held in our classroom, 　3　(change)to the library at the last minute. This, 　4　, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax　5　. But my mood changed quickly when I saw the first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay　6　(positive)and persevered　7　I finally found the solution. With the problem　8　(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 　9　(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left　10　(plete)the rest. 【文章大意】我一直被告知耐心、積極思考和毅力是通向成功的道路。但事情有時(shí)并非如此, 我的一次數(shù)學(xué)考試, 就在我的過分堅(jiān)持下失利了。 1. 【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。path后接to意為“通向……的道路”。 2. 【解析】which?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾exam, 且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 3. 【解析】was changed。考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。change和the exam之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作, 應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4. 【解析】however。考查副詞。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 其前后又有逗號(hào)隔開, 應(yīng)用however。 5. 【解析】myself。考查反身代詞。主語(yǔ)是I, 其反身代詞應(yīng)用myself。 6. 【解析】positive。考查形容詞。stay是系動(dòng)詞, 其后應(yīng)跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 7. 【解析】until/till?？疾檫B詞。句意: 我努力保持樂觀并堅(jiān)持著直到我終于找到了答案。until/till直到, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 8. 【解析】solved?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。solve和problem之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且是已完成的動(dòng)作, 應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9. 【解析】Unfortunately?？疾楦痹~。修飾整個(gè)句子, 應(yīng)用副詞; 由句意“然后, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我只剩下十分鐘的時(shí)間完成剩下的題目”可知, 應(yīng)是: 不幸的是。 10. 【解析】to plete?？疾椴欢ㄊ健lete這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái), 應(yīng)用不定式表將來(lái)。 【語(yǔ)篇隨練】多練一點(diǎn)　技高一籌 Ⅰ. 根據(jù)完形填空內(nèi)容, 寫出下面單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義 1. in rags　　　　　　　　　　 ___________ 2. fortunen. ___________ 3. depressedadj. ___________ 4. loadvt. ___________ 答案: 1.衣衫襤褸 2. 財(cái)富; 命運(yùn) 3. 沮喪的, 意志消沉的 4. 裝填; 承載 Ⅱ. 根據(jù)閱讀理解, 翻譯句子 Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 在他的努力下, 《禁止核試驗(yàn)協(xié)定》于1963年10月10日生效, 該協(xié)定宣布: 所有核試驗(yàn)都要在地下進(jìn)行, 否則就是非法的。就在同一天Linus Pauling獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。 Ⅲ. 用30個(gè)詞左右概括閱讀理解大意 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: This passage is mainly about Linus Pauling’s achievements through his life and his great contributions to the world. He is the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes.