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2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2 The United Kingdom課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修5 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (xx江蘇卷)If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen (氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(氣泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death. Other air－breathing animals also suffer this depression(減壓)sickness if they surface too fast：whales，for example.And so long ago，did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years.To this end，he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural history museums，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with depression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(標(biāo)本)showed evidence of that sort of injury. If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－depression means，they clearly did so quickly—and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食動物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark－and crocodile－free.In the Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(獵物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. [文章大意]文章主要介紹了落到水中馬上浮出水面會產(chǎn)生什么影響。 1．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A．A twisted body. B．A gradual decrease in blood supply. C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D．A drop in blood pressure. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的“The consequence...is sharp pain and a bent body”可知。 答案：A 2．The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see________. A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to depression C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years”可知。 答案：B 3．Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4________. A．confirmed his assumption B．speeded up his research process C．disagreed with his assumption D．changed his research objectives 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知。 答案：C 4．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs________. A．failed to evolve an anti－depression means B．gradually developed measures against the bends C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D．evolved an anti－depression means but soon lost it 解析：推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段but前后句子對比關(guān)系，可推出答案為A。 答案：A B (xx德州聯(lián)考)The New Folk Sound Of Terry Callier attracted little interest when first released(發(fā)行)，and by the time it was championed on a music chart，Callier had long abandoned music for a career in puter programming.As a result，he returned to music to make many recordings with some leading young artists in Britain，making it the most successful period of his life. Terry Callier was born into a poor family on May 24,1945 and grew up in Chicago.He learned to play the piano and began singing in groups in his teens.He released his first single Look At Me Now in 1962.When offered a tour, he seemed to be a shining star soon.But then his mother stepped in，insisting that，at 17，his place was not on the road but at home studying. While attending college，he began performing in folk clubs and coffee houses.It was also when he started his songwriting.Callier continued to record and give live concerts through the 1970s touring with some famous popular singers.His bination of fierce guitar，wise lyics(歌詞)and sweet voices created a distinctive style known as jazzfolk.However，he had more success as a songwriter than as a singer when he sang his hit song The Love We Had Stays on My Mind in 1971. In 1983 he abandoned music pletely to attend his 12－year－o1d daughter after splitting up with his wife.He got a steady job at the University of Chicago and did not touch a guitar for years.Many years later，some DJs discovered his old recordings and began to play his songs in clubs.Though Callier was unwilling to get involved in music again，Callier was eventually persuaded to e back，which brought him more applauses than he had ever experienced. [文章大意]Terry Callier在演唱方面很在天賦。盡管媽媽反對，但是進(jìn)入大學(xué)后，他仍有很好的表現(xiàn)，并且開始寫歌，取得了令人矚目的成就。但后來由于家庭原因，他放棄了音樂，到芝加哥大學(xué)工作。多年后，他又重返音樂界，創(chuàng)造了新的輝煌。 5．From the first paragraph we can learn that Calliers delayed success led to________. A．loss of interest in music B．a(chǎn) failure in his study C．his artistic rebirth D．the reunion of old friends 解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“As a result，...making it the most successful period of his life.”可知，最終，他到達(dá)了人生中最輝煌的時刻。 答案：C 6．What was Calliers mothers attitude towards his dream of being a star? A．Supportive.　 B．Understanding. C．Indifferent.　 D．Opposed. 解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段最后“But then his mother stepped in，insisting that，at 17，his place was not on the road but at home studying.”可知他的媽媽堅持認(rèn)為，十七歲的孩子應(yīng)該在家學(xué)習(xí)。supportive，“支持的”；understanding，“理解的”；indifferent，“冷漠的，不關(guān)心的”；opposed，“反對的”。故選D項。 答案：D 7．Which is in the right order in Calliers story? ①He got a job in puter programming at the University of Chicago. ②Writing songs became as successful as singing songs. ③The New Folk Sound Of Terry Callier became most popular. ④He managed to release the first single and was offered a tour. A．②④③①　 B．④②①③ C．④①②③　 D．④①③② 解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)“The New Folk Sound Of Terry Callier attracted little interest when first released(發(fā)行)，and by the time it was championed on a music chart...He released his first single，Look At Me Now in 1962...he had more success as a songwriter than as a singer when he sang his hit song The Love We Had Stays on My Mind in 1971...In 1983...He got a steady job at the University of Chicago and did not touch a guitar for years.”可知應(yīng)該選擇B項。 答案：B 8．Terry Callier leave his career in music in 1983 because he________. A．was offered a better job in Chicago college B．had to accept his wifes advice C．wanted to take care of his daughter D．lost interest in singing and writing songs 解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“In 1983 he abandoned music pletely to attend his 12－year－old daughter after splitting up with his wife.”可知應(yīng)該選擇C。 答案：C 9．What can we learn about Callier from the last paragraph? A．He reached a higher peak in his music career. B．Some DJs helped him to write new songs. C．He decided to give up his family for music. D．His songs were only suitable in clubs. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“which brought him more applauses than he had ever experienced”可知應(yīng)該選擇A。 答案：A Ⅱ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 It was a dreadfully cold and cloudy afternoon. I was on the bus with my children, aged four and two, heading home when it started to rain. I realized this would mean a wet walk home __10__ the bus stop. __11__ my house was merely two blocks away, it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy asleep in the pram (手推嬰兒車), the other one in a raincoat and no umbrella for myself. A pickup truck passed us on the road. I tried to thumb a ride but failed. My little boy woke up with a start and began to cry. I __12__ (convince) that things might bee worse and nobody would bother to help on such a terrible day. A few minutes later, __13__ truck drove by, but to my surprise, I saw it __14__ (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us. A young man put the window down. “Hey, heres an umbrella for you, please take __15__.” He called out. I stood there __16__ (astonish), barely believing that the man __17__ existence was unknown to me only moments ago, could be so __18__ (consider). “e on, give this to your mummy，” he said to my older son. I accepted the offer and expressed my gratitude to him. This man might have needed the umbrella for himself later during the day but preferred to give it to me. It was a lesson to me __19__ its possible to give without expecting anything in return. 10．_______　11._______　12._______　13._______ 　14．_______　15._______　16._______　17._______ 　18．_______　19._______ [文章大意]冒雨回家的母子，得到了一位好心司機(jī)的幫助。他把自己的雨傘給了挨淋的母親。 10．解析：考查介詞的用法。由句意可知她們將冒雨從車站走回家。 答案：from 11．解析：考查連詞的用法。由句意可知此處填入連詞構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句。 答案：Although/Though/While 12．解析：考查動詞的用法。be convinced (adj.) of堅信；深信。 答案：was convinced 13．解析：考查代詞的用法。由上文可知此處應(yīng)用another另一個。 答案：another 14．解析：考查非謂語動詞。see sb./sth. doing結(jié)構(gòu)中分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 答案：pulling 15．解析：考查代詞的用法。用it指代上文的“an umbrella”。 答案：it 16．解析：考查形容詞的用法。此處用形容詞astonished作狀語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。 答案：astonished 17．解析：考查定語從句。先行詞為“man”，從句中少定語，故用whose。 答案：whose 18．解析：考查詞形變化。此處用considerate體貼的；考慮周到的。 答案：considerate 19．解析：考查名詞性從句。用that引出同位語從句。 答案：that Ⅲ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。 How to Be Confident (xx河北模擬)We are all human and have weaknesses.Even if your physical appearance or social skills arent what you wish they were，that doesnt have to stop you from being confident.__20__ 1．Make a list of special talents you have，or things you do that are good—morally or otherwise.It doesnt have to be a specific skill; it can be an approach or an attitude that you hold through life.__21__ Are you very patient with people? Do you always see the humorous side of things? Are you always there for your friends? 2．__22__ When you feel strongly about something，speak loudly and clearly and make eye contact with people.People will judge you all the time ，and usually theyll misjudge you anyway，so why bother trying to live up to their opinions at all? 3．Take care of yourself.Eat a healthy diet and get enough exercise.Dont abuse your body，dont overload it，and dont deny it any of the things it needs.At the same time，dont obsess (沉迷)．__23__ Those things are only bandaids and makeup.Confidence es from within.In order to be confident ，you must value yourself and understand that your wellbeing is important. 4．Improve your posture.__24__ Dont drop your shoulders.Make sure that your back is straight，your shoulders are square，and your chest sticks out slightly (but stay loose，otherwise youll appear stubborn and nervous)．Good posture also helps with deep breathing，which helps with feeling calm and relaxed. A．But smiling at yourself in the mirror helps you to love yourself ，thus making you a bit more confident. B．Buying all the moisturizers (潤膚霜)，creams will not bring you closer to who you want to be. C．It is surprising how powerful the simple step of taking action can be. D．Do you always stay calm，cool and collected ，even in hurried situations? E．Having good posture can actually make you feel more confident. F．Know that you have important things to say and do. G．Heres how to believe in yourself. 答案：20.G　21.D　22.F　23.B　24.E