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2019年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Travel journal課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修1 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A To hitch-hike successfully in any country you must be able to do two things: attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. To fulfill the first requirement you must have some mark to distinguish you at once from all other hikers. A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform, and a student his red scarf. In a foreign country an unmistakable indication of your own nationality will also arrest a driver’s attention. When I hitch-hiked 9, 500 miles across the United States and back recently I wore a well-tailored suit, a bowler hat and a trench coat, and carried a pencil-thin rolled black umbrella. My suitcase was decorated with British flags. Having plenty of luggage, moreover, I was not likely to be suspected of being a dangerous lunatic(精神病患者). I then had to get across to the driver the idea that I was a real traveler, and needed to get somewhere cheaply. But even with careful preparation, you must not assume that the task will be easy. You should be prepared to wait a little, for there are drivers who confess to a fierce prejudice against, (not to say hatred of)hitch-hikers, and would no more pick up a hiker than march from Aldermaston to London. In America, my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day: they probably took less pains to make themselves easy to notice. Nor must you assume that all the drivers who stop for you are nice, normal people. On one occasion I found myself driving with two boys of about nineteen who turned out to be on the run from the police, and were hoping to use me as an alibi. There are also lesser(較小的)risks: you may find yourself in the car of a Fascist fanatic, a Mormon missionary(傳教士), or just a bad driver. You cannot tell, of course until you are in the car. But you soon learn the art of the quick excuse that gets you out again. If the hitch-hiker in the US remembers that he is seeking the willingness of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and pany, and not go to sleep, he will e across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of American of the West. It will also help if he can drive—I think that I drove myself about 4, 500 of those 9, 500 miles I hitch-hiked in the States. 【文章大意】文章主要介紹了作者如何搭乘便車的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn), 如裝束、等車、遇到的司機(jī), 還特別提及了在美國的一些有關(guān)搭乘便車的趣事。 1. A serviceman should wear his uniform　　　. A. so as not to look too unusual B. to attract attention C. to show he is on duty D. to put the driver at ease 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. . . A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform”可以得知答案。 2. In Paragraph 3, we learn that the writer　　　. A. has sometimes failed to hitch a ride B. has marched from Aldermaston to London C. has been successful in hitching a ride D. has had to wait for long hours for a ride 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句中my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day可知作者是比較成功的。 3. The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that　　　. A. it is dangerous to be in a car with strangers B. hitch-hiking may turn out to be risky sometimes C. a hitch-hiker must also learn the art of quick excuse D. hitch-hikers might e across bad drivers 【解析】選B。段落大意題。第四段的第一句是主題句。遇到的司機(jī)不見得個個都是正常人, 從后面的例子也得知乘便車是有危險性的。 4. A suitable title for the passage would be“　　　”. A. The art of hitch-hiking B. An Englishman’s view of the US C. An English hitch-hiker D. The joys and dangers of hitch-hiking 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。此處的art是“技巧”的意思。全文講的是搭乘便車的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧, 故A是最佳答案。 B “Children should not be left unsupervised(無人監(jiān)督的)to play with a dog. ”say experts in this week’s British Medical Journal. Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. “Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children. ”write Marina Morgan and John Palmer. Every year 250, 000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病). In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies. “Dog owners also need to change their behavior”, says Rachel Besser, a children’s doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. “It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”, she says. Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see pulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. 【文章大意】狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的現(xiàn)象尤其需要引起關(guān)注, 為此, 需要采取一定的措施。 5. Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem　　　. A. doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to B. happening only to a few children of the world C. only boys may meet with D. about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. ”可知, 專家所研究的狗咬人的問題也應(yīng)該是相關(guān)醫(yī)生應(yīng)給予重視的問題, 故答案選A項(xiàng)。 6. The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 4 refers to“　　　”. A. doctors B. parents C. experts D. dog owners 【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Based on the latest medical evidence”再結(jié)合第一段專家的講話可推斷, 他們是指研究狗咬人這一問題的專家們, 故選C項(xiàng)。 7. What are Rachel Besser’s words mainly about? A. All the dog owners would like children not to be left unsupervised with a dog. B. All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs. C. Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision. D. Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知, 雷切爾醫(yī)生認(rèn)為, 并非所有的狗的主人都認(rèn)為孩子們和狗在一起的時候要有大人的照看。由此判斷選C項(xiàng)。 8. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Dogs, Dangerous To Children B. Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs C. Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly D. Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs 【解析】選D。主旨大意題。狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重, 那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢? 這才是本文的寫作重點(diǎn), 而只有D項(xiàng)更能說明此問題, 故正確答案選D項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 One famous artist Sheikh went back to his hometown. He hadn’t seen one of his friends for many years, who was a　1　and needy man. When Sheikh asked about him, he was told by people that the man he was　2　was a rich man and no longer poor. Sheikh　3　to pay a visit to his friend. 　4　talking with his friend, Sheikh asked him the　5　for the change in his situation. The man replied that he had been so poor that he was forced to　6　some properties(財(cái)產(chǎn))that belonged to him, like furniture(家具). By selling these things, he had　7　some money enough to start a　8　with. As he was on his way back to his house with the　9　, he saw a poor lady　10　by the road. The man asked the lady the reason, and she　11　that her husband died and her children were　12　. Hearing this, the man felt　13　for her, and on seeing that she　14　the money more than himself, he gave all the money to her. He　15　home and spent the night, sad and　16　for his family. The next morning, 　17　he was summoned(召喚)to the house of a rich man. He was told by the rich man that he had six thousand bags of　18　which he wanted to sell quickly and the man could buy it at a　19　price on loan(借用)from him. The poor man did so and sold the rice　20　. He took some more bags several days later and in this way he was able to make much more money. Soon he became rich. 【文章大意】著名藝術(shù)家Sheikh的一個朋友曾經(jīng)是非常貧困的人, 他賣掉家產(chǎn)想做一些小本生意。但他在途中遇到一個死去丈夫的婦人帶著饑餓的孩子, 他把所有的錢都給了她。他的善心得到了一個富人的信任, 以低價借給他六千袋大米, 讓他去賣, 不久他變得很富有。 1. A. clever　　　 B. rich　　 　C. lazy　　　 D. poor 【解析】選D。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由第二段中The man replied that he had been so poor that he was forced to　　　some properties that belonged to him, like furniture. 可知他是窮人, 故選D項(xiàng)。 2. A. living with B. waiting for C. asking about D. listening to 【解析】選C。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由此句的前半句“When Sheikh asked about him. . . ”可知此處指Sheikh打聽的人, 故選C項(xiàng), ask about詢問, 打聽; live with和……住在一起; wait for等待; listen to聽。 3. A. decided B. forgot C. refused D. tried 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。由后文可知, 他去了那個朋友家, 此處應(yīng)該指他決定去拜訪這位朋友, 故選A項(xiàng), decide決定; forget忘記; refuse拒絕; try盡力。 4. A. Until B. Before C. After　 D. While 【解析】選D。邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系可知這兩句應(yīng)該是同時進(jìn)行的, 故選D項(xiàng), while當(dāng)……的時候; until直到; before在……之前; after在……之后。 5. A. message B. reason C. time D. plan 【解析】選B。詞義辨析題。由句意可知, Sheikh是問他狀況改變的“原因”, 故選B項(xiàng)。message信息; time時間; plan計(jì)劃。 6. A. sell B. make C. keep D. find 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由下一句By selling these things, he had______some money enough to start a　　　with. 可知他把屬于他的財(cái)產(chǎn), 像家具之類的賣(sell)了, 故選A項(xiàng)。 7. A. saved B. collected C. paid D. wasted 【解析】選B。詞語辨析題。由句意可知, 賣了家具之后籌集了一些錢, 故B項(xiàng)合適。save節(jié)省; collect籌集; pay付款; waste浪費(fèi)。 8. A. travel B. business C. family D. lesson 【解析】選B。背景常識題。由常識可知, 他賣了一些財(cái)產(chǎn), 應(yīng)該是想做一些小本生意來改變狀況, 故選B項(xiàng), start a business意為“開始做生意”。 9. A. money B. news C. hope D. furniture 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由By selling these things, he had　　　some money enough to start a　　　with. 可知此時應(yīng)該是帶著錢回家, 故選A項(xiàng)。 10. A. crying B. walking C. sleeping D. standing 【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。由后一句提到的The man asked the lady the reason, and she　　　that her husband died and her children were　　　. 可知這個婦人丈夫死了, 這種情況應(yīng)該是在路邊大哭, 故選A項(xiàng)。 11. A. believed B. explained C. shouted D. imagined 【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題。由此空前面的The man asked the lady the reason. . . 可知他問她原因, 這個婦人應(yīng)該是給出解釋, 故選B項(xiàng), explain解釋; believe相信; shout呼喊; imagine想象。 12. A. hungry B. dangerous C. crazy D. angry 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。由前文她在大哭, 她的丈夫死了, 及后文他給她錢可推知, 她的孩子們應(yīng)該在挨餓, 故選A項(xiàng), hungry饑餓的; dangerous危險的; crazy瘋狂的; angry生氣的。 13. A. sadness B. interest C. shame D. pity 【解析】選D。固定搭配題。feel pity for為固定搭配, 意為“憐憫某人”。sadness悲傷; interest興趣; shame羞恥。 14. A. took B. needed C. owned D. earned 【解析】選B。詞義辨析題。由句意可知, 他看到她比自己更需要錢, 于是把所有的錢都給了她, 故選B項(xiàng)。take意為“需要”時, 通常用it作形式主語, 指做某事需要多長時間; own意為“擁有”; earn意為“掙錢, 獲得”, 均不合語境。 15. A. drove B. returned C. left D. stayed 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。由時間發(fā)展的順序及后面的“spent the night, sad”可知他應(yīng)該是回到了家里, 故選B項(xiàng)。return返回; drive開車; leave離開; stay停留。 16. A. worried B. pleased C. excited D. frightened 【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。準(zhǔn)備做生意的錢給了他人, 回到家后應(yīng)該是為自己一家的未來感到擔(dān)心, 故選A項(xiàng), worried擔(dān)心的; pleased高興的; excited興奮的; frightened害怕的。 17. A. happily B. surprisingly C. carelessly D. unluckily 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。此處指他受到一個富人的召喚, 這件事情應(yīng)該是“令人吃驚地”, 故選B項(xiàng), surprisingly令人吃驚地; happily幸福地; carelessly粗心地; unluckily不幸地。 18. A. rice B. meat C. vegetables D. clothes 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由本段倒數(shù)第三句中的“sold the rice”可知這個富人有六千袋大米要出售, 故選A項(xiàng)。 19. A. low B. fair C. high D. right 【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。由富人對他的信任, 以及后文他把大米賣了變富了, 可知這個富人應(yīng)該是低價把大米貸給他賣, 故選A項(xiàng), low低的; fair中等的, 公平的; high高的; right正確的。 20. A. slowly B. quickly C. hardly D. finally 【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題。由后文的“He took some more bags several days later. . . ”可知幾天后又多帶了幾袋大米, 可知他的大米賣得快, 故選B項(xiàng)。 【技法導(dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點(diǎn)　棋高一著 閱讀理解——如何辨別主旨大意題的錯誤選項(xiàng) 在閱讀理解中, 主旨大意題的錯誤選項(xiàng)一般有以下幾個特點(diǎn): 1. 以偏概全。故意片面地理解文章, 把文章中出現(xiàn)過的某一個觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成整篇文章的主題。 2. 放大或縮小文章的主題。把文章的主題進(jìn)行放大或者縮小。 3. 偷換概念。把文章主題換成相關(guān)但不同的主題。 請說出A篇閱讀理解中三個錯誤選項(xiàng)分別屬于哪種錯誤類型。 題　號 選　項(xiàng) 錯誤類型 4 B _________ C _________ D _________ 答案: 題　號 選　項(xiàng) 錯誤類型 4 B 偷換概念 C 放大主題 D 以偏概全