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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 單元知識匯總 Book 7 Unit 21 Human Biology 北師大版 重點(diǎn)識記詞匯 1.abuse vt.&n.濫用 2.fundamental adj.根本的；基礎(chǔ)的 3.doubtful adj.懷疑的，不肯定的 4.seek vt.尋找 5.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的 6.in vain徒然，白費(fèi)力氣 7pulsory adj.強(qiáng)制性的，義務(wù)的 8.at random隨便地，隨意地 9.controversial adj.有爭議的 10.at all costs不管多大代價(jià)，無論如何 11.privileged adj.榮幸的 12.cater vi.滿足；迎合→cater to滿足；迎合 13.entry n.進(jìn)入；入學(xué) 14.treat vt.款待 15.postpone vt.推遲，延期 16.straight away立刻，馬上 17.unite vt.聯(lián)合；團(tuán)結(jié)；統(tǒng)一 18.routine n.常規(guī)；慣例 19.foresee vt.預(yù)見 20.underline vt.表明重要性；強(qiáng)調(diào) 21.faith n.信心 22.stop sth.in its tracks終止；消滅 23.temporary adj.臨時(shí)的；短暫的 24.rob vt.使喪失；搶劫 25.decline vi.下降 26.at any rate無論如何；至少 27.deadline n.截止日期，最后日期 28.concern n.擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂 29.absurd adj.荒謬的；可笑的 30.tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerance n.容忍 31.oppose vt.反對→opposite adj.相反的→opposition n.相反 32.contradict vt.與(其他事物)相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾的說法；反駁 33.trial n.實(shí)驗(yàn)→try v.試驗(yàn)；試做；n.嘗試 34.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令 35.equip vt.使有準(zhǔn)備→equipment n.裝備；設(shè)備 36.fortune n.大筆錢財(cái)，巨款→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→misfortune n.不幸 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. 不幸的是，要當(dāng)場查出運(yùn)動員使用違禁藥物并不是很容易。 2.When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him. 那天當(dāng)他去看醫(yī)生時(shí)，他不可能知道他要發(fā)生什么事。 3.Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world. 我們的眼睛和耳朵不停地發(fā)射信號，大腦翻譯這些信號并構(gòu)建出外部世界的圖畫。 4.It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. 很遺憾，由于無知，成千上萬的人們錯(cuò)過了用傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)治療的機(jī)會。 構(gòu)詞記憶 　architecture /′ɑ?kItekt??/n.[U]建筑學(xué)；建筑式樣；建筑風(fēng)格 creature /′kri?t??/n.[C]1.創(chuàng)造物；產(chǎn)物　2.生物；動物 departure /dI′pɑ?t??/n.[C]&[U]啟程；離開；出發(fā) literature /′lIt?r?t??/n.[C]&[U]1.文學(xué)　2.文獻(xiàn)；圖書資料 signature /′sIɡn?t??/n.[C]&[U]署名；簽名 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．Pop music is now in decline(下降)，while country music catches on. 2．He foresaw(預(yù)見) that the job would take a long time. 3．To care for wisdom，truth and improvement of the soul is far better than to seek(尋求) money，honor and reputation. 4．The flight was postponed(推遲) because of the thick snow. 5．I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline(截止日期)，which for applications was May 30th. 6．It was absurd(荒唐的) of you to suggest such a thing. 7．He was arrested on a charge of corruption(腐敗) and abuse(濫用) of power. 8．Education is pulsory(義務(wù)的) for children in most countries. 9．The entry(入學(xué)) of the students into the university makes their parents happy. 10．She treated(款待) him to lunch. B．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 11．Is there anyone who opposes (oppose) the idea put forward by the mittee? 12．I won’t tolerate (tolerance) your behaving in this way. 13．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment (equip)． 14．I just don’t see why we shouldn’t give it a try (trial)． 15．The girl was fortunate (fortune) enough to have her mother as a bosom(知心的) friend. Ⅱ.短語運(yùn)用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 be lost to，get down to，work out，give up，pare to，e up，get through，make up，consist of，bring up 16.Had the boy worked harder，he would have got through the exams. 17．She likes to bring up her child in healthy surroundings. 18．The final examination is ing up soon.It’s time for us to get down to our studies. 19．In Europe，one half of the population was lost to the Black Death. 20．The doctor advised my brother to give up smoking as soon as possible. 21．I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 22．I’ll let you know if anything es up. 23．This soup consists of tomatoes，meat and peas. 24．The world was pared to a stage by Shakespeare. 25．Nine players make up a team. B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 at random，for good，in vain，at any rate，at all costs, as early as，as a whole，in despair 26.The summer sports meeting must be held on time at any rate. 27．We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 28．We’ve been separated from each other before，but I think it’s for good this time. 29．The market researchers interviewed people at random in the street. 30．Epidemics are described in his topical accounts as early as 430 BC. 31．Chinese Medicine treats the body as a whole. 32．After the failure of the operation，she cried in despair. 33．He decided to finish the project at all costs. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 34．It seemed a real pity that I didn’t see the superstar who I have admired yesterday. 很遺憾，昨天我沒有見到這位我很仰慕的巨星。 35．In our school whoever is caught cheating in the exams will be punished severely. 在我們學(xué)校，無論是誰，在考試中被當(dāng)場抓住作弊者將會受到嚴(yán)罰。 36．It was my aunt who/that met Tom in the street yesterday. 昨天是我的阿姨在街上碰到的湯姆。 37．He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless. 本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心了。 1 [多詞一義]　tolerate，bear，stand，put up with tolerate sb.doing sth.容忍/忍受某人做某事 have tolerance for忍受…… beyond tolerance無法忍受 be tolerant of容忍…… He won’t tolerate anyone questioning his decisions. 他不能容忍別人對他的決定提出質(zhì)疑。 Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors. 或許你應(yīng)該對你的鄰居寬容些。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister. (2)I have a high tolerance for that stuff. (3)He was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily. 2 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　seek for作為高級詞匯替換look for seek after/for企圖獲得；追求；尋找 seek to do sth.試圖(設(shè)法)做某事 seek out找到 They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. 他們怎么也找不到一個(gè)藏身的地方。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)They are urgently seeking for the post where they are well paid. (2)The couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens. (3)Corbett resolved to seek out the truth. (4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one. 3 [多詞一義]　cause，cater to/for，meet，satisfy，fulfill cater to迎合 cater for為……提供服務(wù)；滿足……需要 cater for sth.提供飲食；承辦酒席 Our newspapers try to cater for/to all opinions. 我們的報(bào)紙?jiān)噲D滿足各種觀點(diǎn)的要求。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature. (2)It’s a holiday pany that caters for the elderly. (3)Who is catering for your daughter’s wedding? 4 [多詞一義]　prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doing prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 prohibit one’s doing sth.禁止某人做某事 prohibition against...……的禁令 The price prohibited us from buying it. 這東西價(jià)錢太高，我們買不起。 Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals. 禁止游客投喂動物。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)The environmental group is demanding a plete prohibition against the hunting of whales. (2)Meanwhile，the Dutch will prohibit tourists from buying marijuana(大麻) in their famous coffee shops. (3)A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information. 5 rob sb./sp.of sth.搶某人(某地)的某物 steal sth.from sb./sp.從……那里偷某物 robbery n.搶劫,robber n.盜賊；強(qiáng)盜 I can’t forgive Lewis for robbing me of an Olympic gold. 我不能原諒劉易斯奪走了我一塊奧運(yùn)會金牌。 Mrs.Yacoub was robbed of her ￡3,000 designer watch at her West London home. 雅各布夫人那塊價(jià)值3 000英鎊的名牌手表在西倫敦的家中被人搶走了。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)用rob的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①Armed robbers broke into a jeweller’s through a hole in the wall. ②The man was serving a sentence for robbery with violence. (2)The bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week. Robbed and shut down，the bank reopened last week.(用過去分詞作狀語改寫句子) 6 [多詞一義]　decline，refuse，deny decline to do...拒絕做…… a decline in在……方面下降 in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路 In many cases living standards are declining. 在許多方面生活水平正在下降。 The minister declined to ment on the rumors. 部長拒絕對那些傳言發(fā)表評論。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years. (2)Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline. (3)He declined to answer(answer) my questions. 7 submit to服從于；屈從于 submit oneself to甘受……；服從…… submit...to...向……提交…… In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain. 絕望之際，瓊斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手術(shù)以減輕疼痛。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)If I submitted to(服從) their demands，they would give whatever I want. (2)They submitted their reports to(向……提交了報(bào)告) the headmaster yesterday. 8 concern v.影響(affect)；涉及(involve)，與……有關(guān)(be connected with)；讓(某人)擔(dān)憂(be worried about)；n.擔(dān)心，憂慮；關(guān)心 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　過去分詞作前置定語與后置定語時(shí)意義的區(qū)別  concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；憂慮的；感興趣的 as far as sb.be concerned就某人而言 be concerned about/for (concern oneself about/for)對……擔(dān)心/關(guān)心 be concerned with sb./sth.(concern oneself with sb./sth.)與……有關(guān) concerning prep.關(guān)于 As far as I’m concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution. 就我而言，騎自行車是一個(gè)好的解決辦法。(江西書面表達(dá)) He doesn’t concern himself with politics. 他不關(guān)心政治。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)Concerning the tollfree policy on the express way，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about/for the safety. (2)Concerned about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. 9 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　(1)under no circumstances置于句首時(shí)倒裝　(2)circumstance作為先行詞時(shí)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查 in/under no circumstances決不(＝never) in/under the circumstances在這種情況下；既然這樣 under any circumstances在任何情況下 if circumstances allow/permit如果情況允許 The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times. 在當(dāng)時(shí)那種一觸即發(fā)的形勢下，采取那樣的策略太危險(xiǎn)了。 I wish we could have met under happier circumstances. 我真希望我們是在更愉快的情況下相識的。 [特別提醒]　抽象地點(diǎn)名詞，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，race，petition，system，job，scene，life，occasion，environment，circumstance等作先行詞時(shí)，用where引導(dǎo)。如： He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. [思考題] 表達(dá)“決不”的短語還有：at no time，by no means，on no account，in no way，on no condition，in no case等。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident. ②Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. ③He may win the petition，where he is likely to get into the national team. ④Sales director is a position where munication ability is just as important as sales skills. ⑤It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. ⑥I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2)完成句子 ①Under no circumstances must you leave the house(你必須離開房子). ②You must not mention your colleague under any circumstances(在任何情況下). ③Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情況允許). 1 at the cost of喪失，犧牲；以……為代價(jià) at a cost of以……的費(fèi)用/價(jià)格 at any cost以任何代價(jià) at cost按成本 You must stop the press from finding out the truth at all costs. 你必須不惜一切代價(jià)阻止媒體查明真相。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 選擇方框內(nèi)的短語填空 (1)He is determined to win at all costs. (2)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life. (3)We want to find a cure at any cost. (4)I can buy books at cost from this bookstore. 2  at this rate照這樣繼續(xù)下去 at a rate of以……速度 They both agree with me—well，at any rate，Maggie does. 他們兩人都同意我的意見，不管怎樣，麥琪是同意的。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 不管怎樣我都要試一試。(一句多譯) (1)At any rate I will try.(rate) (2)Anyhow I will try.(anyhow) (3)In any case I will try.(case) (4)At any event I will try.(event) (5)At any cost I will try.(cost) (6)By any means I will try.(means) 1 It is pulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨機(jī)地檢查。 (1)It is＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do...結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式短語。 (2)It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do...中for前面的形容詞是指事物怎么樣，如impossible，important等。 (3)It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do...中of前面的形容詞是指人的性質(zhì)或特征，如nice，kind等。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我真是太好了。 It’s important for you to arrive there on time. 重要的是你們能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] (1)It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. It is necessary for him to be sent there at once.(改為簡單句) (2)Obviously，we don’t want to spend too much money. It is obvious that we don’t want to spend too much money.(改為復(fù)合句) 2 When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.那天當(dāng)他去看醫(yī)生時(shí)，他不可能知道他要發(fā)生什么事。 情態(tài)動詞＋have done表示兩個(gè)意義： (1)表對過去情況的推測與估計(jì) must＋have done用于肯定句，意為“準(zhǔn)是/一定(已經(jīng))……了” can＋have done用于否定句和疑問句，意為“不可能/不會(已經(jīng))……的”和“可能/也許(已經(jīng))……了嗎” may＋have done用于肯定句和否定句，意為“可能/也許(已經(jīng))……了”和“可能/或許還沒有……” (2)表示對過去發(fā)生之事的后悔、遺憾、責(zé)備等情緒，至于具體表示的意義則由所用的情態(tài)動詞及其句法結(jié)構(gòu)而定。 should/ought to＋have done本來應(yīng)該……的(但卻沒有……) could＋have done本來能夠……的 might＋have done本可以……的 needn’t＋have done本來可以不必……的 You should have finished your homework yesterday. 你昨天就該做完作業(yè)。 It must have rained last night. 昨晚一定下雨了。 [夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who could have taken(take) it? (2)He might have given(give) you more help，even though he was busy. (3)How could you have been(be) so careless？You mistook my clothes for yours. (4)He must have lived(live) here last year. 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)If Mother had told (tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now. (2)You could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed (review) the lessons last night. (3)If you had studied hard before，you would be (be) a college student now. (4)I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been (be) asleep. (5)I could have worked (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(cuò)(xx新課標(biāo)全國) I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.I was happy when the toys worked，but when things did wrong，I got angry and broke it.For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys to you.”My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on. 答案 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my .I was happy when the toys worked，but when things 或 wrong，I got angry and broke .For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see was happening.When I apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys you.” My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on. Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 是愛和關(guān)心帶來了這巨大的變化。(concern)(2011福建書面表達(dá)) It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.Chinese customs regulations prohibit taking (take) precious works of art out of China. 2.I couldn’t have enjoyed (enjoy) myself more—it was a perfect day. 3.—Why are your eyes so red？You can’t have slept well last night. —Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report. 4.One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 5.Maybe if I had studied (study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. 6.It’s important for the figures to be updated (update) regularly. 7.It is a great honor for me to be asked (ask) to make a speech here. 8.The first time you take part in a race，it is very normal to feel tense. 9.I have never sought to hide (hide) my views.I hope you will not misunderstand me. 10.Nearly half in Lebanon agree that it is acceptable for a woman to appear in public without a headscarf. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.It was reported that all children had physically and emotionally abused.had后加上been 2.It is doubtful that he will e here tomorrow.that→whether 3.I think it quite privilege to be invited to attend the meeting.quite后加上a或privilege→privileged 4.They only publish magazines catering the interests of adults.catering后加上to 5.What do you think the underlining word in the sentence means？underlining→underlined 6.I always have faith he will e to our party in person.faith后加上that 7.He made fortune in his business trade.made后加上a 8.The police arrested those who responsible for the murder.去掉who或who后加上were 9.No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your 10.We walked back to the house with silence.with→in Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓(xùn)練 With kindness and virtue，the world will bee more beautiful.(素材來源于xx廣東讀寫任務(wù)) As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will bee more beautiful.(用as long as改寫為復(fù)合句) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Improving your vocabulary can be done at any age and any level of education.Even college students can benefit from an enlarged vocabulary，which will enhance spoken and written munication as well as providing a deeper grasp of any language.Often people are encouraged to improve their vocabulary by a major test，but improving your vocabulary can be done for fun as well.Reading more，playing word games and puzzles，and looking up words in the dictionary are all good ways to learn new words. One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read more.Reading is directly linked with a larger vocabulary，especially if you seek out books in unfamiliar styles or about unfamiliar topics.Nonfiction in a wide variety of fields can teach you new words and general knowledge，but reading fiction is also highly beneficial.As you read，make a note of unfamiliar words，look them up，and write down the definition. Playing word games is a fun way to learn new words.Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters，as well as learning new ones.If you play with an open dictionary，you can encourage people to try out words they might otherwise be afraid of using.Most word games are interactive，so you enjoy pany while you expand your vocabulary. Another way of improving your vocabulary is to do word puzzles.Most newspapers include crosswords，simple cryptology puzzles，and jumbles that get progressively harder throughout the week.Try to mit to pleting all of the word puzzles every day，or at least attempt to finish them.Word puzzles can also be done in groups，especially if you enjoy petition.You can purchase books of word puzzles of varying difficulty for a different challenge. A simple way to improve your vocabulary is to use the dictionary.Create flashcards of unfamiliar words and practice them in the train，on the bus，or when you wake up in the morning.Try to practice words in a variety of environments so that you really learn them，and make sure to use the words in daily sentences as well so that you can grow accustomed to using them correctly.If you hear someone using a word you don’t recognize，ask him or her about it or look it up. 1．What does the underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Improve. B．Decrease. C．Practice. D．Purchase 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，此句話意思是：詞匯量大對大學(xué)生非常有利，會提高他們口語和寫作表達(dá)能力，也會幫助他們深層理解任何語言。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．How many fun ways of improving vocabulary are mentioned in the passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中一共提到4種有趣的擴(kuò)大詞匯量的方法：to read more，playing word games，to do word puzzles和to use the dictionary，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．Which of the following is a word game? A．Nonfiction. B．Boggle. C．Jumbles. D．Crosswords. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters，as well as learning new ones.”一句可得出答案，故選B項(xiàng)。 4．What do we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．You have to plete all of the word puzzles to improve your vocabulary. B．Word puzzles sometimes are so difficult that they need to be done in groups. C．Practicing words everywhere and using them in daily sentences are helpful. D．You can ignore the new words used in the conversation with your friends. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Try to practice words in a variety of environments so that you really learn them，and make sure to use the words in daily sentences as well so that you can grow accustomed to using them correctly.”可知C項(xiàng)為答案。 Ⅱ.閱讀填空 You already know an environmentalist’s three R’s：reduce，reuse，recycle. 5 Here are three things you can do for Earth Day. ?Be a real cutup The next time you’re about to throw out the plastic rings that hold a sixpack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors. As a young turtle，Peanut got stuck in one of those rings.As she grew，the ring stayed put，forcing her shell to grow around it.By the time someone found her and cut her free，her shell was permanently