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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)精練 閱讀理解（14） [xx甘肅省部分示范校高三年級(jí)調(diào)研考試] Travellers to developing countries should start with longterm basic health protection. This means vaccinations(疫苗接種) against polio, tetanus and hepatitis A. Other vaccinations will depend on where you are going, local conditions and your possible environment. Visitors to Yellow Fever areas such as West Africa should certainly be vaccinated against it. Check links for the latest news and dont forget your travel insurance. Its really worth the money. Water： In developing countries avoid drinking or even brushing your teeth with tap water. Drink bottled water and check that the cap is well sealed(封閉) when you buy it. Turning it upside down and watching for drops is one method of checking. If you cant buy it, purify it by boiling. Do not take ice in your drinks, unless it is frozen mineral water. Tea, coffee，and soft drinks are fine from the bacteria point of view, though not so fine from a thirst point of view. Dont share water bottles with other travellers unless you want to share their bacteria too. Water filters (過(guò)濾器) are OK in theory but can break easily and usually dont filter some serious bacteria, such as hepatitis A and E. Force yourself to drink clean water, lots of it, if you want to avoid headaches and tiredness from a thirst. Water requirements at home are 6 glasses per day, so increase that figure by at least 3 times in tropical environment. Food： Avoid ice cream from unhealthy sources, raw fish, salad and uncooked food — unless you can peel it yourself. Most cases of diseases e from unclean food, not unclean water. Eat where its busy. This means that the food is good or cheap or safe to eat! 1．When you plan to travel to developing countries you should first ________. A．choose countries where you will feel it convenient to travel B．make a good preparation to avoid being harmed or injured C．consider taking as much healthy food and clean water as possible D．check links for the latest news and buy your travel insurance 2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about traveling in developing countries? A. Salad is a kind of good food to eat when you are hungry. B. Youd better choose a busy restaurant to eat in. C. Soft drinks, coffee and tea are suitable to drink. D. Drinking more water is reasonable when in a hot country than at home. 3．In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage? A. Education.　　　　 B. Sports. C. International News. D. Health &Travel. [文章大意]　文章就到發(fā)展中國(guó)家旅游給出了一些關(guān)于飲食健康方面的建議。 1．B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章的第一句話“Travellers to developing countries should start with longterm basic health protection.”可知，答案為B。 2．A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Food 部分的第一句中的“Avoid ice cream from unhealthy sources, raw fish, salad and uncooked food”可知，應(yīng)避免食用色拉。 3．D。文章出處題。從文章的內(nèi)容可以看出其主題是旅游時(shí)的健康問(wèn)題，所以D項(xiàng)正確。 B [xx江西高考] Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well. Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True munication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be acplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear. It wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic (有療效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy (心理療法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever. 4. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means________. A. preparing a topic list first B. focusing on ones own mind C. directing the talk to the desired results D. experiencing the speakers inside world 5. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? A. How to listen well. B. What to listen to. C. Benefits of listening. D. Problems in listening. 6. According to the author, in munication people tend to________. A. listen actively B. listen purposefully C. set aside their prejudices D. open up their inner mind 7. According to the author, the patients improved mainly because________. A. they were taken good care of B. they knew they were truly listened to C. they had partners to talk to D. they knew the roots of problems 8. What type of writing is the article likely to be? A. Science fiction. B. A news report. C. A medical reports. D. Popular science. [文章大意]　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)別人的好處以及如何認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)別人，并且作者發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)病人對(duì)他們的病也有一定的療效。 [長(zhǎng)難句解讀]　Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. 分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是what we are usually doing is listening selectively，主句中的主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)從句what we are usually doing；Even though引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：即使我們可能在商業(yè)交易或者社會(huì)交往中覺(jué)得自己在認(rèn)真地傾聽(tīng)別人，但我們通常做的事情是有選擇地傾聽(tīng)別人。 4. D?？疾榫湟饫斫?。從上文中的“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可知，畫線部分指的是要理解說(shuō)話者的內(nèi)心世界。所以選D項(xiàng)。 5. A?？疾槎温浯笠狻牡诙沃械摹癓istening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.”及“Bracketing”，“Moreover”等關(guān)鍵信息可知，本段主要講的是如何認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。 6. B。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第三段中的“Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知，在交流中，人們總是有選擇、有目的地聽(tīng)別人講話。所以選B項(xiàng)。 7. B。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從最后一段中的“but chief among them，I believe，was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years，and for some，perhaps for the first time ever”可知，作者認(rèn)為，病人好轉(zhuǎn)的主要原因是：有人真正傾聽(tīng)他們。所以選B項(xiàng)。 8. D。考查推理判斷。本文主要講的是認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)別人的好處，如何認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)別人及認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)對(duì)病人的作用。這是有關(guān)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容。因此可以得知本文可能是科普文。所以選D項(xiàng)。 C [xx山西省高三年級(jí)四校聯(lián)考] Research suggests that if a woman runs her household without any help, she has less interest in scaling the career ladder. But the reason for this is not quite what you might expect, such as being too tired. According to experts, the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work. If she were indeed to “have it all”—a family life, a love life and a career —she would need to be prepared to carve up some of the home decisions with her spouse, a study suggests. The study asked 136 men and women aged 18 to 30 whether being in control of household decisions is something they desire. Both sexes agreed that being in charge is an advantage. Then, 150 women were asked to imagine being a married mother and either making most of the household decisions or making them jointly with her husband. Those who had imagined being in control at home placed less value on things such as earning a high salary than those who had imagined sharing the running of the household. Then, almost 650 men and women were asked to imagine one of the same two scenes but with division of household chores. The mens interest in work was not affected by thoughts of being in charge at home. And if a woman imagined having to do all the chores, without making the decisions at home, she was still hungry for power in the workplace. Researcher Professor Serena Chen said，“This suggests it is the power aspect of household control that reduces womens interest in power outside of the home. To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields, our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.” 1．What could be learned from the text? A. Women are fond of doing household tasks. B. Women have no interest in the office work. C. Women can do well at home or beyond if they share household decisions with men. D. Women can do well at home as well as in the workplace. 2．What leaves women with less of a thirst for a successful career? A. Pressure from household tasks. B. Lack of working experience. C. Poor physical and mental state. D. Satisfaction of being in charge of household tasks. 3．Professor Serena Chen suggested that ________. A. it was hard to realize true gender equality B. men must work as household directors C. men and women should share household decisions D. women should be as wise as men 4．Who would be most interested in the text? A. Researchers.　　　　 B. Breadwinners. C. Employers. D. Working mothers. [文章大意]　女性如果想在事業(yè)上有所建樹(shù)，她們就得把管理家庭事務(wù)的權(quán)力放一放。 1．C?？疾槲囊饫斫狻娜膶?duì)研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果的論述可知，妻子想在事業(yè)上成功，她就得和丈夫共同決策家庭事務(wù)。第二段最后一句也有明確提示。 2．D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。從第二段中信息“the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work”可知，女性從掌管家庭事務(wù)中獲得的滿足感導(dǎo)致她們對(duì)成功事業(yè)的渴望減少。 3．C。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從最后一段中的“To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields, our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.”可知，Professor Serena Chen 認(rèn)為夫妻應(yīng)當(dāng)分享家庭決策權(quán)。 4．D?？疾橥评砼袛唷Ｎ恼卵芯繈D女怎樣才能在事業(yè)上成功，因此對(duì)該文章最感興趣的應(yīng)該是職業(yè)媽媽，所以D項(xiàng)正確。 D [xx河南省普通高中高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性測(cè)試] The United States Department of Agriculture has a program called Wildlife Services. Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife. Often that means helping farmers deal with unwele visitors. This organization has experts from different fields and it has set up thousands of inquiry agencies all over the country where farmers can explain their difficulty and get practical help. One example from Wildlife Services of its work involved a farmer in Washington State, in the Pacific Northwest. Several years ago, thousands of Canada geese landed on his fields. The geese began to eat his carrot crop. Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noisemaking devices and other measures to scare the large birds away. These efforts apparently succeeded, which made the farmer quite happy. Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program. The program just offers suggestions to keep those unwele visitors away instead of killing them. Experts suggest providing secure shelter for chickens, sheep and other animals that could be attacked. They also suggest using lights above places where animals are kept. And they advise people who see coyotes around their property to chase them away by shouting, making loud noises or throwing rocks. For home gardeners, a twometer fence might help keep out deer. To keep out rabbits, a wire fence has to be only about a halfmeter high. It should extend fifteen centimeters underground to keep rabbits from digging under it. If snakes are a problem, remove dead trees and cut high grass to destroy their hiding places. And to protect livestock, consider using guard animals such as dogs and donkeys, which are very effective. Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico. 1. The underlined phrase “unwele visitors” in the first paragraph refers to ________. A. animals that attack the farmers B. people who dont care about wildlife C. animals that do harm to the crops or livestock D. people who pollute the environment of the farms 2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________. A. the farmer didnt have a gun to kill those Canada geese B. Wildlife Services involves some biologists in its group C. the carrot crop was eaten up by the Canada geese D. the farmers like to eat Canada geese very much 3. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A. Ways to protect livestock. B. Ways to deal with coyotes. C. How to protect crops. D. How to find wildlife. 4. How is the program getting along? A. It remains to be improved. B. It is very popular among experts. C. It is well received by the local government. D. Farmers in the U．S., Canada and Mexico think it effective. [文章大意]　Wildlife Services在保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)方面卓有成效的工作使其受到了農(nóng)民的歡迎。 1. C。考查名詞指代。由第一段第二句話“Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.”可知，Wildlife Services是幫助農(nóng)民驅(qū)走危害農(nóng)作物和家畜的動(dòng)物的一個(gè)組織。 2. B。考查推理判斷。由第二段中的“Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noisemaking devices and other measures to scare the large birds away.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 3. A?？疾槎温浯笠?。第三段首句“Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.”是主題句，下面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這一主題進(jìn)行的。 4. D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。由文章最后一句“Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.”可知答案。