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Writing,Unit5Firstaid,如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文,如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式對事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、功能等進(jìn)行介紹，或是闡明事理，給人提供知識的一種文體。知識性、科學(xué)性是說明文的主要特點(diǎn)。指導(dǎo)性說明文屬于說明事理類文體，它旨在為讀者提供未知的知識和原,理，使讀者閱讀后對文章所寫事物有所了解，或掌握解決問題的方法，是一種實用性很強(qiáng)的文體。【寫作指導(dǎo)】1.時態(tài)：說明文的時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。2.語言：語言要準(zhǔn)確、簡潔、周密。語言風(fēng)格可以生動活潑，也可以平實簡明，但必須以準(zhǔn)確為前提。,3.結(jié)構(gòu)：先對需要說明的對象作總的概括介紹，然后導(dǎo)入具體的說明，也就是在文章開頭提出需要說明的事物或觀點(diǎn)，然后加以列舉說明，使文章表達(dá)清晰、條理清楚、層次分明。,【常用表達(dá)】下列這些表達(dá)可以使你的說明更有條理：First,second,third,atlast...First,next,then,finally...Firstly/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,...Secondly,....Besides/Inaddition,...Lastbutnotleast...,結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)：Wecandrawtheconclusionthat...Inshort/Inbrief/Inaword,...Itseemsclearthat...Wecanknow/learnthat...,【實戰(zhàn)演練】假設(shè)你是李華，你們學(xué)校的英語網(wǎng)站正面向全校學(xué)生征集有關(guān)急救常識的英文稿件。請你給該網(wǎng)站投稿，介紹交通事故方面的急救常識。內(nèi)容包括：1.首先保持鎮(zhèn)靜；2.檢查傷者呼吸情況，呼吸困難要實施人工呼吸；,3.如傷者有出血情況要用布按壓止血，然后等候救護(hù)車及警察的幫助。注意：1.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2.詞數(shù)不少于100。,【參考范文】FirstaidforaccidentsIfwehappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldwedotosaveotherpeople’slives?Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatwecanfollow.,First,weshouldstaycalm.Next,wecanasksimplequestionssuchas“AreyouOK?”tomaketheperson’sconditionclear.Then,weneedtochecktheperson’sbreathing.Ifitisdifficultforhimtobreathe,weshouldtrytostarthisbreathingrightawaywiththemouth-to-mouthmethod.Also,ifapersonis,bleeding,weneedstopthebleedingbypressingonthewoundwithacleancloth.Alltheabovedone,wecanstaywiththepersonuntilthepoliceandambulancearrive.,通過學(xué)習(xí)這篇寫作指導(dǎo)，你掌握指導(dǎo)性說明文的寫作方法了嗎？試著根據(jù)要求自己寫一篇，然后與范文對照，找出其中的不足并加以改進(jìn)。相信你的寫作水平會越來越高！,Writingtask,Writealettertoyourprincipalpolitelyaskingwhetherheorshecouldorganizethefirstaidcourses.,,Dear___________,Ourclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid,_______________________________________________________________________________________.,,Writeyourprincipal’sname,,Saywhythefirstaidunithasbeenuseful.,ithasbeenveryusefulbecausewehavelearntaboutwhattodotohelpsomeonewhohashadanaccident,,Eventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestinganduseful,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.,,Saywhyyouwouldlikeafirstaidcourse.,wewouldliketobeabletodoafirstaidcourse.Afirstaidcoursewouldgiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusthechancetopractisefirstaidtreatments.,,Wewouldliketorequestthat_________________________________.Wethinkthatafirstaidcourseattheschool____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Yourssincerely,_____________,,,,Saywhatyouwanttheprincipaltodo.,Summarizewhyafirstaidcoursewouldbeagoodthingtodo.,Signyournames.,theschoolorganizesafirstaidcourse,isanecessarypartofoureducationandwillmakeusmoreusefulmembersofoursociety.Perhapswewillevensavesomeone’slifeoneday,Dear(yourprincipal’sname),Ourclasshasbeenstudyingaunitonfirstaid.Ithasbeenveryusefulbecausewehavelearntaboutwhattodotohelpsomeonewhohashadanaccident.,Samplewriting:,Eventhoughtheunithasbeenveryinterestinganduseful,wewouldliketobeabletodoafirstaidcourse.Afirstaidcoursewouldgiveusinformationaboutmanymoresituations.Itwouldalsogiveusthechancetopractisefirstaidtreatments.,Wewouldliketorequestthattheschoolorganizesafirstaidcourse.Wethinkthatafirstaidcourseattheschoolisanecessarypartofoureducationandwillmakeusmoreusefulmembersofoursociety.Perhapswewillevensavesomeone’slifeoneday.Yourssincerely,(Signyournames),Thankyou!,