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2019年高考英語 語法集訓(xùn)過關(guān) 非謂語動詞（含解析） Ⅰ. 單項填空 1. The supermarket　　　next month will be the biggest one in the city. A. pleted　　　　　　　 B. being pleted C. to be pleted D. having been pleted 2. (xx遼寧五校模擬)Victims, 　　　in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have e up to 28. A. is reported B. reported C. reporting D. which reports 3. (xx蘭州模擬)Do you know that the meeting　　　this afternoon has been put 　　　　till next week? A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward C. held; off D. held; forward 4. I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party　　　next weekend. A. to be held B. being held C. held D. is to be held 5. (xx湖州模擬)The tall building　　　in the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel. A. to built B. building C. being built D. having built 6. (xx唐山模擬)A direct air route　　　Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month. A. linking B. being linked C. link D. linked 7. We, 　　　a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better. A. holding B. held C. being held D. having held 8. (xx揚州模擬)The manager listened to the customers’ plaints attentively with great patience, 　　　to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try 9. We hurried all the way to the airport, only　　　that the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather. A. being told B. to be told C. having told D. to have been told 10. (xx海南模擬)　　　that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced 11. Everyone would like to see the plan carried out the manager thought of　　　the present situation. A. solving B. being solved C. to solve D. to be solved 12. (xx南昌模擬)—Mum, why do you make me eat an egg every day? —　　　enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 13. 　　　more visitors, the Beijing Garden Expo Park gives roses to the couples visiting it. A. Attracted B. Attracting C. To attract D. Having attracted 14. (xx北京模擬)Some seemingly harmless blogs might bee harmful when 　　　on the Internet by millions of people. A. to read B. reading C. read D. being read 15. (xx江西師大附中模擬)As the film star began to appear, the children watched, 　　　. A. fascinating B. fascinated C. being fascinated D. having fascinated 16. (xx福州模擬)　　　to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin, so you should make it a rule to get your skin creamed before going out in summer. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. To expose 17. (xx昆明模擬)The broken bike was found　　　by the riverside. A. abandoning B. abandoned C. to be abandoned D. being abandoned 18. Be careful when you cross the road in rush hours so as to avoid　　　by a car. A. being knocked down B. knocking down C. to be knocked down D. to knock down 19. A woman was seriously injured and a neighboring family narrowly escaped　　　 by an explosion that destroyed a row of homes. A. blowing up B. to be blown up C. being blown up D. blown up 20. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported　　　in China, which attracts nationwide attention. A. being found B. to be found C. having been found 　 D. to have been found 21. (xx吉林模擬)Mary had to go to a meeting, so she left her children　　　at home. A. playing B. played C. to play D. having played 22. A cook will be immediately fired if the manager found him　　　in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 23. Mr. Smith warned his daughter　　　after drinking. A. to never drive B. never driving C. never to drive D. never drive 24. The poor boy seems　　　the news that his father died in the car accident for there is no sign of sorrow on his face. A. not to be known B. not to have received C. to have not received D. not to know 25. (xx昆明模擬)Having lost his keys, 　　　. A. he couldn’t enter the room B. the gatekeeper offered to help C. the door was forced open D. the room couldn’t be entered Ⅱ. 閱讀理解 As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day. I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where they’re getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, it’s almost like why bother? I don’t know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that. I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now. It would be one thing if all this light were doing good. But the fact is that it’s having an impact on all these creatures from birds to turtles to insects that can’t do anything about it. They’re at our mercy. There are so many things we could do to control it and to use it intelligently, that I like working with an issue that there are steps we can take immediately to address this problem. 1. It is implied in Para. 1 that night is when people　　　. A. can avoid the life pressure temporarily B. get rid of the disaster of technology C. experience the influence of culture D. can imagine social practices freely 2. The example of light in Times Square proves that people can’t　　　. A. see 2, 500 stars on a normal night B. learn about their life from a night sky C. develop a relationship with nature at night D. get anywhere without artificial light 3. According to the writer, American culture　　　. A. tells mainly about what a good life is B. is closely related to the constellations C. lacks the stories about the night sky D. tends to tell people how to live 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Light pollution needs dealing with right away. B. Night skies are polluted by artificial light. C. The Milky Way is never to be seen again. D. Species are endangered by light pollution. Ⅲ. 書面表達(dá) (xx天津六校模擬) 假設(shè)你是李華。最近, 你校學(xué)生會組織開展了“構(gòu)建低碳校園”活動。請你圍繞“節(jié)約資源, 低碳生活”的主題, 根據(jù)以下提示, 用英語寫一份倡議書。 1. 日常出行時怎樣減少碳排放; 2. 在餐廳就餐時怎樣節(jié)約糧食; 3. 在寢室和教室如何節(jié)約水、電。 注意: 1. 詞數(shù): 150個左右; 2. 倡議書的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出, 不計入總詞數(shù); 3. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫。 Dear fellow students, Our school advocates that we should build a low-carbon campus in order to protect the earth. __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　Dear fellow students, let’s start right now and spare no effort to do every little thing we can from now on! Li Hua 【技法導(dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點　棋高一著 閱讀理解——巧妙運用“查讀”技巧, 快速做到有的放矢 查讀是指用較短的時間快速掃視文章, 查找具體信息或相關(guān)事實與細(xì)節(jié)的閱讀技巧。查讀有一定的目的性, 是帶著問題尋找答案的閱讀方法, 在考試中具有很高的實用價值。 運用查讀時, 首先要了解需要回答何種問題。先在問題中找出兩到三個關(guān)鍵詞語, 然后到文章中迅速確定答案可能所在的位置。最后將文章中與之相匹配的部分標(biāo)出, 確定正確答案。此技巧主要是針對細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 如第1題, 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞implied, night, when, people從文章首段快速查找與之相關(guān)的信息, 可定位于 , 然后認(rèn)真閱讀并最終確定答案為 。 再如第2題, 首先確定關(guān)鍵詞example, light, Times Square, can’t, 迅速查找相關(guān)信息, 定位于 , 認(rèn)真研讀這句話并最終確定答案為 。 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意: 下個月完工的那個超市將是這個市里最大的超市。根據(jù)空后的next month可知, 還未完工, 用不定式的被動形式。A表示被動, 完成; B表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作; D表示在主句謂語動作之前已經(jīng)完成的被動動作。故C正確。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 The supermarket　　　last month is the biggest one in the city. A. pleted B. being pleted C. to be pleted D. having been pleted 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意: 上個月完工的那個超市是這個市里最大的超市。根據(jù)時間狀語last month可知, 動作已經(jīng)完成。故A正確。 2. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意: 新聞報道上說, 感染了H7N9的受害者人數(shù)已達(dá)到28人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 句子的主句是: Victims have e up to 28. Victims后帶兩個定語, 一個是定語從句: who are infected with H7N9, 一個是非謂語動詞作定語, victims與report之間是被動關(guān)系, 要用過去分詞, 故選B。當(dāng)然也可用定語從句: who are reported in the news, A項沒有引導(dǎo)詞, 且主謂不一致, D項要用被動語態(tài)。 3. 【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ㄊ降谋粍邮阶鞫ㄕZ和動詞短語辨析。句意: 你知道原定于今天下午要舉行的會議已經(jīng)被推遲到下周了嗎? 第一空是定語, 因為是下午將要被舉行, 用不定式的被動式作定語, 過去分詞作定語只表示動作的完成和被動, 排除C、D兩項; 第二空put off“推遲”, put forward“提出”, 所以選A。 4. 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句子中已經(jīng)有了謂語can’t attend, 故此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞, 首先排除D。hold與party構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系, 但A、B、C答案均表被動。因此再根據(jù)時間狀語next weekend可確定填不定式表將來, 故選A。 【拓展延伸】非謂語動詞作定語解題原則 　　做非謂語動詞作定語的題目時, 有些同學(xué)會無從下手, 其實掌握下面的原則就容易了。一要注意看與所修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系, 判斷是主動還是被動。二要注意從時間上判定, 不定式作定語表將來, 現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行, 過去分詞表完成。 5. 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意: 在這個地區(qū)中心正在被建的高樓將被用作五星級旅館。will be used是謂語動詞, 整個句子沒有連詞, 所以空格處應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞, The tall building與build之間是被動關(guān)系, 排除A、B、D; 根據(jù)句意選C。 6. 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意: 連接重慶和舊金山的直飛航線有望下個月開通。此處主語a direct air route和link之間是主動關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。根據(jù)句意選A。 7. 【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意: 跟老師討論之后, 我們終于對這個問題有了更好的理解。非謂語動詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系, 故排除選項B、C。顯然“討論”與“明白”在時間上有先后, 所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。 8. 【解析】選B?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意: 經(jīng)理很耐心地專心聽顧客的投訴, 盡量不錯過任何一點。這里是非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語, manager和try之間是主動關(guān)系, 用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語, 從句意看是try not to do盡量不做什么, 用不定式的否定式。故選B。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 The manager listened to the customers’ plaints attentively with great patience and 　　　to miss any point. A. tried not B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try 【解析】選A。考查并列謂語。句意: 經(jīng)理很耐心地專心聽了顧客的投訴, 盡量不錯過任何一點。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and可知, 這里需要的是并列謂語, 而不是非謂語動詞。 9. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意: 一路上我們匆匆忙忙趕到機(jī)場, 結(jié)果被告知航班因為霧天而取消?！皁nly+動詞不定式”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。動詞不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語, 它們之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 故用動詞不定式的被動式。從動作“hurry”和“tell”發(fā)生的時間上看沒有明顯的先后順序, 故排除D項。 10. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意: 確信政府會帶領(lǐng)他們走出經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī), 人們對國家的未來很樂觀。convince使確信, 該句中意思為“使人們相信”, 與people之間是被動關(guān)系, 故應(yīng)選B項convinced。 11. 【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意: 每個人都想看見那個經(jīng)理想出的解決目前的形勢的計劃執(zhí)行。the manager thought of作定語, 修飾先行詞plan, to solve為動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選C。 12. 【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。句意: ——媽媽, 你為什么每天讓我吃一個雞蛋啊? ——為了讓你在成長的時候獲得足夠的營養(yǎng)和蛋白質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意可知本句中的不定式是作目的狀語的。故C正確。 【拓展延伸】 　　不定式作目的狀語, 通?？梢允褂胕n order to do sth. ; so as to do sth. ; 或者to do sth. ; 要特別注意so as to do sth. 不能放在句首。 13. 【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。句意: 為了吸引更多的游客, 北京花卉博覽會公園給來訪的夫婦提供玫瑰?？仗幨亲髂康臓钫Z, 故用動詞不定式, 選C。 14.【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意: 有些看起來本沒有危害的博客在網(wǎng)上被數(shù)百萬人看后就可能變得有害了。blogs和選項動詞read之間是被動關(guān)系, 所以排除A和B選項。D選項表示“正在被……”或“一直被……”, 不符合題意。故選C。 15. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意: 當(dāng)那個影星開始出現(xiàn)的時候, 孩子們?nèi)肷竦乜粗?。fascinated著迷的, 是形容詞, 在句中作狀語, 表示伴隨; fascinating迷人的, 有極大吸引力的, 修飾物, 不可修飾人。 16.【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞作主語。句意: 過長時間暴露于陽光下會對人的皮膚造成損傷, 因此, 你應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成夏天外出前涂上防曬霜的習(xí)慣。根據(jù)will do harm to是主句謂語確定空處應(yīng)該是句子主語。A項不能作句子主語, 排除; 根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是被暴露于陽光下, 應(yīng)是被動, B和D是主動, 也排除。故C正確。 17. 【解析】選B。考查非謂語動詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。句意: 那輛壞了的自行車被發(fā)現(xiàn)拋棄在了河邊。自行車與拋棄之間為被動關(guān)系, 故選B。而C為將來拋棄, D選項為正在被拋棄, 均不符合題意。 18. 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語。句意: 在上下班高峰期過馬路時你要小心, 以免被車撞了。avoid后只接doing, 且knock down與其邏輯主語you之間是被動關(guān)系, 要用being knocked down, 故選A。 19.【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語。escape表示“避開, 避免(不愉快或危險的事物)”時, 后面接名詞或v. -ing形式。a neighboring family是blow up的動作承受者, 故答案為C。 20. 【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語。句意: 據(jù)說曹操墓已經(jīng)在中國被發(fā)現(xiàn), 這引起了全國性的關(guān)注。be reported to have been done結(jié)構(gòu), 強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 故選D。 21. 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意: 瑪麗有個會必須要參加, 所以她把孩子們留在家里自己玩。解題關(guān)鍵: leave sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)處于某種狀態(tài)), 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選A。 22. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意: 如果經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里抽煙, 會立即開除他?！癴ind”后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。此句中“smoking”是賓語“him”的補(bǔ)足語。表示主動的正在發(fā)生的事, 故選B。 23. 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意: 史密斯先生警告他的女兒千萬別酒后開車。本句中考查了warn的用法, 后面常跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu), 否定用not或者never to do, 故選C。 24. 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作表語。句意: 那個可憐的男孩似乎不知道他父親在車禍中去世的消息, 因為在他的臉上看不見悲傷的表情。seem后面接不定式作賓語, seem to do似乎要做……; seem to be doing似乎正在做……; seem to have done似乎已經(jīng)做……; 否定詞not放在to前面, 根據(jù)句意選B。 25. 【解析】選A。考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意: 丟了鑰匙后, 他不能進(jìn)入房間。逗號前面是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語, 說明句子的主語應(yīng)該是lost his keys的邏輯主語, 應(yīng)該是he。故選A。 【拓展延伸】 非謂語動詞作狀語的做題原則 　　用非謂語動詞作狀語, 說明主從句的主語一致, 做題時可以在四個選項中找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語, 往往邏輯主語對了, 答案就自然出現(xiàn)了。 Ⅱ. 【文章大意】本文主要討論了光污染對于人類社會、文化和動物等的影響, 同時也介紹了作者對于光污染問題的認(rèn)識等情況。 1. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day可知, 夜晚是一個能夠暫時擺脫一天無窮無盡責(zé)任的避難所, 因此選A。 2. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that. 可知, 原先夜晚是一個可以告訴你關(guān)于生活故事的時候, 但是現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)不能這樣做了, 故選B。 3. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now. 可知美國的人類文化中已經(jīng)缺乏對于夜空描寫的故事了, 因此選C。 4. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要討論了如今的夜空已經(jīng)被污染了, 造成了人們無法欣賞到星星, 且對人們以及動物等產(chǎn)生不利影響, 因此A符合主旨。 Ⅲ. 【參考范文】 Dear fellow students, Our school advocates that we should build a low-carbon campus in order to protect the earth. I think it is everyone’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal. Here is what I think we should do: Firstly, we should walk or ride bikes instead of driving cars or school buses to reduce the amount of pollution. Secondly, when we eat the food in the school canteen, we should eat up what we buy and not waste the food. Thirdly, it is important for us to save electricity and water. We should not leave the lights on in the daytime or leave water running after washing. Instead, we should turn off lights before we leave the classrooms and dormitories. In a word, if we can make small changes in our way of life, we can make a big difference to the earth! Dear fellow students, let’s start right now and spare no effort to do every little thing we can from now on! Li Hua 【技法導(dǎo)練】 第一段最后一句話； A；第二段最后一句話； B