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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞 北師大版 一、不定式 1．作主語 It is right to give up smoking. 2．作賓語 I find it interesting to study history. 3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語 He asked me to work with him. 4．作定語 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可以用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較： Have you anything to send？(不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent？(不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”) 5．作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件 He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(結(jié)果) 6．作表語 My job is to help the patient. 7．作獨(dú)立成分 To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you. 二、動名詞 1．動名詞由動詞＋ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為not doing，具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語等。 (1)作主語 Running is good for your health. (2)作表語 Her job is teaching. (3)作賓語 I avoided seeing him. We don’t allow smoking here. (4)作定語 He has a reading room. 2．動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 如果動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其邏輯主語是無生命的名詞時，用普通格。 3．動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 動名詞的時態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種。 We are interested in playing chess. 如果動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，通常用動名詞的完成時態(tài)。 I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 主語是動名詞所表示的動作的對象時，動名詞用被動語態(tài)。 He likes being helped. I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it. 三、分詞 1．分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) (1)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，其否定形式為not＋分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式。 Being a student，he was interested in books. Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking. 2．分詞的用法 (1)作定語 ①分詞短語作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個分詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之前。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. 注意：a.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時表示動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。如果兩個動作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，要用定語從句。 The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. b．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動式一般都不能用作前置定語，而用作后置定語。 ②過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。 This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 如果指的動作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式作定語。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. (2)作狀語 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。 The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students. 分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系，用doing表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作，用having done表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系，則用done強(qiáng)調(diào)在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作，也可用having been done。 表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或when引出。 While unfinished，the painting looked ugly. 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分詞前必須加上自己的主語，此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 Time permitting，I’ll finish another lesson. (3)作表語 My hobby is collecting stamps. (4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 We saw the teacher making the experiment. 1．Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.(xx上海，33) A．a(chǎn)mused B．a(chǎn)musing C．to amuse D．to be amused 2．That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.(xx上海，40) A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduce 3．He had a wonderful childhood，________with his mother to all corners of the world.(xx安徽，30) A．travel B．to travel C．traveled D．traveling 4．Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(xx湖南，26) A．struggling B．struggled C．having struggled D．to struggle 一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．________________(equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence. 2.On AIDS Day，the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems ________(refer) to be paid special attention to. 3．Every evening after dinner，if not ________(tire) from work，I will spend some time walking my dog. 4．—I’m really hungry now. —That’s because you have left your lunch ________(untouch)． 5．He looked around and caught a man ________(put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. 二、單項填空 1．When ________ again，the suspect had to admit that he had kidnapped a child and sold him. A．question B．questioning C．questioned D．to question 2．________ to his research work，the professor cared little about any other things. A．Devoting B．Devoted C．Having devoted D．To devote 3．If ________ the same treatment again，he is sure to get well. A．giving B．give C．being given D．given 4．We hurried there ________ a note pinned on the door，________ us of the postponement of the meeting. A．to find；to inform B．finding；informed C．only to find；informing D．found；inform 5．On August 12,xx Typhoon Morakot swept across Taiwan island，________a lot of villages ________. A．left；damaged B．leaving；damaging C．leaving；damaged D．left；damaging 6．Our house ________ white，we like it better. A．painted B．has been painted C．painting D．is painted 7．There was an oil painting ________ in the corner.It ________ there for several days. A．laying；had laid B．lain；had laid C．lying；had lain D．laid；had been lain 8．He picked up an envelope ________ 50 dollars in it. A．containing B．contained C．which contains D．which was contained 9．So far nobody has claimed the money________in the library. A．discovered B．to be discovered C．discovering D．having discovered 10．All of them try to use the power of the workstation ________ information in a more effective way. A．presenting B．presented C．being presented D．to present 答案 感悟高考 1．A　[amuse是及物動詞，意為“使……發(fā)笑”，在“keeps her colleagues ________”中her colleagues與amuse構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故選A。] 2．B　[此處應(yīng)該用不定式the way to do sth.表示“做……的途徑、方式”；we can imagine作定語，前面省略了that。] 3．D　[句意為：他有一個非常美好的童年，那時他跟著他的媽媽周游世界。從句意看他和旅游之間為主動關(guān)系，又因為He had a wonderful childhood是一個完整的句子，故選D。] 4．C　[句意為：Dina，奮斗了幾個月，想找個做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個職位。此題考查非謂語動詞作定語，因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作定語。] 領(lǐng)悟語法 一、1.Having equipped　2.referred　3.tired　4.untouched 5．putting 二、1.C　[question與主句的主語the suspect之間是動賓即被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形式作狀語。] 2．B　[devote是及物動詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)devote oneself to...，所以devote與句子的主語the professor構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作原因狀語。] 3．D　[give與主語he之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作條件狀語。] 4．C　[動詞不定式only to do表示意想不到的結(jié)果；inform與其邏輯主語a note是主謂即主動關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。] 5．C　[leave的邏輯主語是前面句子所指代的內(nèi)容，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，故用leaving作結(jié)果狀語；而damage與villages之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用damaged作賓補(bǔ)。] 6．A　[后面的句子被逗號與前一部分隔開，所以斷定逗號前應(yīng)該用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，而our house與paint之間是被動關(guān)系。] 7．C　[lying的原形是lie，其過去式是lay，過去分詞是lain，為不及物動詞，與an oil painting是主謂關(guān)系，故用lying作定語；第二空應(yīng)該用lie的主動形式。laying的原形是lay，其過去式、過去分詞是laid，為及物動詞。] 8．A　[an envelope與contain之間是主謂即主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞containing作定語。] 9．A　[句意為：迄今為止，沒有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)在圖書館里發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語，因discover與money之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。] 10．D　[此處用不定式短語作目的狀語。句意為：他們所有人都想借助工作區(qū)的力量用一種更有效的方式來呈現(xiàn)信息。]