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2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第20章 主謂一致 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。對于主謂一致的考查，主要集中在單項選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學習過程中，要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見搭配。 內(nèi)容導視 知識點1主謂一致的三原則 知識點2謂語動詞使用單數(shù) 知識點3謂語動詞使用復數(shù) 知識點4其他情況 知識詳單 知識點1主謂一致的三原則 語 法 一 致 含義 指的是主語為單數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式，主語如果為復數(shù)形式，那么謂語動詞也使用復數(shù)形式 例句 Tom is a good student.湯姆是個好學生。 They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。 意 義 一 致 含義 又稱為概念一致原則，指的是謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于主語所表達的其體意義，而不取決于表面上的語法聯(lián)系 例句 My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。 就 近 一 致 含義 又稱為近鄰一致原則，指的是主語由兩個或兩個以上的名詞或代詞構成，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式應與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。 例句 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生 There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 知識點2謂語動詞使用單數(shù) 情況 例句 單數(shù)名詞(代詞) 、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式 Some water is in the bottle一些水在瓶子里。 A ball is on the floor.地上有個球。 many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式 Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學生到過上海。 more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù) More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個學生種經(jīng)去過北京。 【易錯警示】“more+復教名詞+ than one"作主語時，誦語動詞應使用復數(shù)形式。例如:More answers than one are to your question.你的問題答案不只一個。 表示時間、價格、重量、數(shù)目、長度、數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 Two months is a long holiday.兩個月是一個長假。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對于一個男孩來說.三千美元是相當大的一筆錢。 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and ( each/every )+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Each boy and each girl has got a seat。每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 one and a half+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 One and a half hours is enough.一個半小時足夠。 動詞不定式、動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 To see is to believe.眼見為實。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。 a/an十單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù) A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。 【易錯警示】" one or two+名詞復數(shù)”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如: One or two students were cleaning the window yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個學生在擦窗戶。 不定代詞somebody, anything, everyone, nobody, no one等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Is everyone here today.？今天大家到齊了嗎? Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。 each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主語或后跟名詞單數(shù)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Each of them has an Enhlish dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 8 a. m.上午8點，每個學生都應當在教室里。 以--s結尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等 No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。 Physics is one of my favorite subjects.物理是我最喜歡的學科之一。 知識點3謂語動詞使用復數(shù) 情況 例句 復數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式 The students are playing football on the playground.這些學生正在操場上踢足球。 people，police, cattle等集體名詞作主語 people are the makers of history.人民是歷史的創(chuàng)造者。 police were very shocked by the robbery.警察對那起搶劫非常震驚。 相當于名詞的“the+形容詞或過去分詞’作主語，表示人時 Generally speaking, the blind have a keen touch. --般來說，盲人有敏銳的觸覺。The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失業(yè)者的生活一般很困難。 【易錯警示】 "the +形容調(diào)成過去分詞“作主語時，如果表示的是抽象概念，則謂語幼詞應使用單數(shù)形式。例如:The beautiful is not always the good. 美的東西不都是好的東西。 .both...and“連接并列主語 Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題 Both my friend and I like thin type of smartphone very much.我的朋友和我都非常喜歡這種智能手機 知識點4其他情況 情況 例句 and連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常常使用復數(shù); 但是and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物時，謂語使用單數(shù) The writer and teacher is ing.那位作家兼教師來了(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher are ing.作家和老師來了。 (作家和老師是兩個人) “單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/includind/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語，謂語使用單數(shù)形式，如果之前的名詞或代詞是復數(shù)，則謂語使用復數(shù) Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。 Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 “the number of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語謂語用單數(shù); “a(good/large) number of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù) The number of the students is over eight hundred.學生人數(shù)超過八百。 A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500.許多教師今天都出席了，有500人。 由兩個相同部分組成的一個整體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers，boots等。若此類名詞被"a kind of/a pair of’修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼鏡的售價很高。 當not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor…等連接并列主語時，以及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則 Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒有看過這部電影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會議。 某些集體名詞，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主語時，謂語動詞采用意義一致原則，即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式 The pany has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來迅速發(fā)展壯大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里，全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)。 【知識拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個整體看待時，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式，如果這一類詞指的是具體成員，則謂語動詞應該使用復數(shù)形式。 考點突破 考點1 考察謂語動詞使用單數(shù)的情況 1.(黔南中考)---David has been away for more than 25 days. --I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_______ short. A. is B. isnt C. are D. arent 【解析】選B,25 days作為一個整體，系動詞耍用單教形式.故選B, 2.(安順中考)Look, the set of keys_________ on the teachers desk. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【解析】選C, the set of keys的中心詞是set，系動詞用單數(shù).句首為look,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 3.(黔東南中考) Climbing hills_________ good for our health. A. are B. is C. was D. were 【解析】選B。動名詞短語作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。句子表述的是一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 4.(綏化中考)This pair of pants______ mine. You may_______ on the bed A. is; be B. are; be C. are, are 解析】選A。第一空所在句子主語為pair，為單數(shù)形式，故用is;第二空情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形，故用be 5.(成寧中考)----What are you going to do this weekend? 一I together with my classmates_________ going to climb Mount Qian. A. Is B. am C. are D. were 【解析】選B, together with結構是伴隨狀語，謂語動詞應與其前的主語保持一致，故用am。 考點2考察謂語動詞使用復數(shù)的情況 6. (巴中中考)This pair of shoes_______ me well, but the shoes_______ expensive. A. fit; are B. fits; are C. fits; is 【解析]選B。前半句話的主語為pair，是單數(shù)形式。故用fits;后半句主語是shoes，故用are 7.(淮安中考)Andy, youd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit______ good for you. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】選B milk and fruit是兩樣東西,作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，句子表述的是一般，現(xiàn)在時。 8.(孝感中考)A number of volunteers _______ from faraway cities. A. is B are C. is e D. are e 【解析】選B, a number of結構作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。故選B.