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2019年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Global warming課時作業(yè) 新人教版選修6 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 As children reach kindergarten and early grade-school age, they continue to bee increasingly more aware of the wider world beyond home, school and their neighborhood. If you haven’t already done so, this can be an excellent time to teach your child about the environment, and how you can work together to go green as a family. If you’ve already introduced some eco-friendly habits in your home, here are some ways your growing child can contribute more to the greening of his world and beyond. My 7-year-old son discovered a magazine cover on the table that featured a cover line about polar bears being endangered because of global warming. I decided to be straight with him—I said yes, there is a danger to polar bears and other wildlife because of pollution. But I told him that we can all do something to go green and help make a difference, and perhaps help the polar bears and all living things on our planet. My grandmothers were immigrants(移民)who lived through wars in South Korea. They used to constantly remind me to turn off the lights, and even not to use too much toilet paper. As it turns out, these were great lessons. Have your child get into the habit of turning off lights and electronic equipment when he’s not using them. A nice bonus(意外收獲): reducing electricity use can help cut down your bills. A grade-schooler is old enough to understand that water es from lakes and pools. Explain that wasting it can affect everyone who depends on that water. Wasting water also means wasting energy. A tap that runs for five minutes is equal to letting a 60-watt bulb run for 14 hours, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Make it easier for your grade-schooler to go green by choosing different baskets for glass, metal, paper, and plastic. Have your child draw pictures of recyclable types to mark each basket. Once a season or more, have your child help you look for used clothing, books, toys and other things around the house to give away to local shelters(避難所). 【文章大意】本文作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷告訴其他母親應(yīng)該如何在生活中幫助孩子變得更有環(huán)保意識, 讓他們從小就有保護(hù)環(huán)境的觀念。 1. The underlined word“contribute”in Paragraph 1 means　　　. A. buy　　　 B. use　　　 C. give　　　 D. find 【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。由于本句里的introduced說明如果你已經(jīng)介紹給孩子一些環(huán)保習(xí)慣了, 而且在接下來的三個段落中作者本人又給出一些關(guān)于綠色生活的建議。所以這里的contribute的意思是“給出”。 2. What makes polar bears in danger according to the passage? A. The global warming at present and in future. B. The pollution of the air in developed countries. C. The loss of the forest all over the world at present. D. The hunt for them by people from across the world. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第一句里的being endangered because of global warming是本題的解題線索。需注意的是B選項, 雖然第二段說到了污染危及一些野生動物的生存, 但并不是針對空氣污染而言, 所以不能選B。 3. What does the author learn from her grandmothers? A. Make peace with any other country. B. Not moving to other foreign countries. C. Turn off the lights and the water to go green. D. Live a simple life without spending too much. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。第三段作者提到了自己的祖母和外祖母經(jīng)歷過戰(zhàn)爭后尤其重視節(jié)省, 本段的第二句話是解題線索, 第三、四句是作者的體會和經(jīng)驗, 第五句開始給出了自己也身體力行的理由, 所以答案選C。但是注意D項雖然不錯, 但是和第二句作者的祖母和外祖母的要求相比, 沒有確切說明為了環(huán)保而做的具體措施, 所以不能選。 4. What is the best title of the passage? A. Ways to Help Your Child Make Money. B. Ways to Help Your Child Go Green. C. Setting up a Recycling Centre for Your House. D. Setting up Eco-friendly Habits Is Necessary. 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。首先要明確這篇文章的作者是一個母親, 她在以自己的經(jīng)歷告訴別的母親應(yīng)該幫助自己的孩子更環(huán)保, 所以選項里的關(guān)鍵詞是child和green。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 I take a deep breath, cross my fingers and step forward. Am I about to take the leap before bungee-jumping? 　1　, I’m about to cross the road on my way to work. There have been a few　2　in the press over the last couple of months about“Chinese-style road crossing”. The definition of this　3　is“a large number of people jaywalking(亂穿馬路)together because they feel　4　in a big group”. Crossing the road is a simple task but sometimes it can be time-consuming and dangerous. It can be　5　to try and rush across the road while the red　6　is still lit; it’s only a short distance, what’s the　7　that can happen? Many pedestrians don’t seem to understand the　8　they are taking. If the light’s on green, then most drivers won’t pay attention, 　9　that no one will be crossing the road. If the driver does notice, it’s possible that they may not have the　10　stopping distance to be able to stop　11　hitting the person. Also, stepping out onto a road at the wrong　12　causes vehicles to slow down, meaning the cars behind them have to slow down, creating a　13　effect possibly even a long tailback(車輛長隊). 　14　, it can be difficult to stick to the rules when there is　15　pedestrian-friendly crossings and it seems that drivers don’t follow the rules, either. Even if the green man is showing, cars are still allowed to turn right at many lights, often turning into large crowds of people　16　crossing the road. Many times these cars don’t slow down, meaning pedestrians have to quickly move out of the way. It also means that people　17　cross the road when they should be allowed to—maybe this is a motivating factor for so-called jaywalkers. Driving a car doesn’t mean you have more rights. It’s a privilege and with that privilege es a lot of　18　. It doesn’t seem pletely　19　to punish pedestrians for taking matters into their own hands on a road system that’s designed against them. A rethink of the way pedestrian crossing work and driver education may　20　a stop to“Chinese-style road crossing”. 【文章大意】本文主要講述“中國式過馬路”的現(xiàn)象、原因及其對交通產(chǎn)生的影響, 并提出了作者自己的看法。 1. A. Yes　　　 B. No　　 　 C. Why　　　 D. However 【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題。否定前面的問句, 引出下文。 2. A. articles B. sentences C. stories D. persons 【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。下句提到“中國式過馬路”的現(xiàn)象, 結(jié)合此處信息press, 可推知是在出版物上的“文章”。 3. A. word B. name C. phrase D. term 【解析】選C。詞義辨析題。phrase表示(簡潔的)說法。term指專業(yè)術(shù)語, 一般指科技、學(xué)術(shù)方面的。此句為“中國式過馬路”這種說法的定義是……。 4. A. great B. happy C. safe D. strong 【解析】選C。詞義辨析題。“中國式過馬路”即“湊夠一大群人就過馬路”, 因為他們感覺這樣有安全感。 5. A. tempting B. interesting C. exciting D. shocking 【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。tempting指“有誘惑力的”, 往往用于慫恿某人干不正當(dāng)?shù)氖?。從整句可知?dāng)紅燈還亮?xí)r, 大家就躍躍欲試, 沖過馬路。 6. A. boy B. man C. girl D. woman 【解析】選B。背景常識題。指紅燈, 顯示一個紅色人形圖。 7. A. more B. worst C. better D. faster 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。the worst最壞的事, 此處表示“最糟糕會發(fā)生什么事? ”。 8. A. risk B. lift C. light D. road 【解析】選A。固定搭配題。本段主題句, 下文講到“中國式過馬路”的危險性, 故用固定搭配take the risk(冒險)。 9. A. hoping B. believing C. guessing D. assuming 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。如果(機(jī)動車方向的)綠燈亮著, 司機(jī)就會以為沒有人會橫穿馬路。assuming指“假定, 認(rèn)為(但未能證明)”。 10. A. required B. requested C. suggested D. allowed 【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。車在剎車后到停止有一定的制動距離, required指“所需的, 規(guī)定的”。requested請求的; suggested建議的; allowed允許(某人擁有或某事發(fā)生)的, 意思不恰當(dāng)。 11. A. before B. after C. when D. while 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)句意可知, 此處為“在……之前”。 12. A. direction B. time C. place D. speed 【解析】選B。詞義辨析題。在錯誤的時間行人穿馬路會阻礙車輛的行進(jìn)。at與direction搭配不對, place與speed意思不符合語境。 13. A. knock-up B. knock-on C. knock-down D. knock-back 【解析】選B。固定搭配題。a knock-on effect連鎖反應(yīng)。 14. A. On the one hand B. On the other hand C. On the contrary D. On this occasion 【解析】選B。固定搭配題。上段談到“中國式過馬路”的危害性, 此段又為此種過馬路方式辯護(hù)。on the other hand另一方面, 用于比較不同或相對立的事實(shí)或想法。 15. A. a lot of B. a great deal of C. a lack of D. a number of 【解析】選C。短語辨析題。pedestrian crossings人行道, -friendly方便……的。當(dāng)缺乏方便行人過馬路的人行道時, 要遵守交通規(guī)則就難了。 16. A. safely B. slowly C. worriedly D. legally 【解析】選D。詞義辨析題。此句解釋“中國式過馬路”現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的一個原因是綠燈亮, 行人照理應(yīng)該可以走, 但車輛此時右轉(zhuǎn), 就必然開進(jìn)人群。legally合法地, 依照法律地。 17. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。此句進(jìn)一步解釋。句意: 行人在(綠燈亮?xí)r)該允許走時, 卻不能走(因為右轉(zhuǎn)彎的車子阻礙了他們), 這就導(dǎo)致了“中國式過馬路”。 18. A. responsibility B. possibility C. personality D. reality 【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。根據(jù)上下文可知, 作者認(rèn)為開車并非意味著有更多特權(quán)(車與行人都有路權(quán)), 但這種特權(quán)必定有相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。responsibility責(zé)任; possibility可能性; personality性格; reality現(xiàn)實(shí)。 19. A. severe B. mild C. fair D. unjust 【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。take. . . into one’s hands意為“擅自處理”。句意: 行人因自行處理(即選擇“中國式過馬路”方式)不合理的道路系統(tǒng)而受懲罰, 這似乎并不公平。 20. A. add B. put C. set D. attach 【解析】選B。固定搭配題。固定搭配put a stop to sth. 意為“停止”。 Ⅲ. 語法填空 　　閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 　　There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see a lot of people sleeping on the bus or train on their way home　1　work in the evening. A man will be reading the newspaper, and seconds later it appears as if he is trying to eat it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger sitting next to him. Another place where unplanned short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall　2　a student will start snoring so loudly that the professor has to ask　3　student to shake the sleeper awake. A more　4　(embarrass)situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and　5　weight of the head pushes the arm off the desk, and the movement carries the rest of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no memory of getting there. The　6　(bad)time to fall asleep is when driving. Police reports are full of accidents that occur　7　people fall into sleep and go off the road. 　8　the drivers are lucky, they are not seriously hurt. One woman’s car, for example, went into the river. She woke up in four feet of water and thought that it　9　(rain). When people are really tired, 　10　will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are. 【文章大意】本文列舉了幾種人們過于疲勞而導(dǎo)致不分場合睡著的情況。 1. 【解析】from / after?？疾榻樵~。此處指下班回家的路上, 應(yīng)用from或者after。 2. 【解析】where。考查定語從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾lecture, 從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語, 故用where引導(dǎo)。 3. 【解析】another?？疾樾稳菰~。由句意“……教授不得不讓另外一個學(xué)生把睡覺的人搖醒”可知, 應(yīng)填another。 4. 【解析】embarrassing?？疾樾稳菰~。被修飾詞是situation, 應(yīng)用-ing形容詞, 意為“令人尷尬的”。 5. 【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。特指頭部的重量, 應(yīng)用定冠詞the。 6. 【解析】worst。考查形容詞最高級。由上文的A more　　　(embarrass)可知, 上下文之間含有比較的含義, 此處是最高級。 7. 【解析】when?？疾檫B詞。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 8. 【解析】If?？疾闂l件狀語從句。句意: 如果司機(jī)幸運(yùn)的話, 他們受傷不會太嚴(yán)重。if如果, 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 9. 【解析】was raining?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意: 她在四英尺的水中醒來, 以為當(dāng)時在下雨。表示過去某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作, 應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。 10. 【解析】nothing。考查代詞。由上下文可知, 沒有什么能阻止他們睡著。nothing沒有什么。 【技法導(dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點(diǎn)　棋高一著 閱讀理解——“圈點(diǎn)信息”的細(xì)節(jié)理解題 細(xì)節(jié)理解, 就是在原文中能找到的信息, 可以采用“圈點(diǎn)信息”法, 把涉及的信息“圈點(diǎn)”出來, 以便分析利用。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時, 可使用如下方法: 1. 細(xì)心審題, 帶問題“圈”答案。先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(題眼), 然后以此為線索, 運(yùn)用略讀及跳讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句, 仔細(xì)品味, 對照比較, 確定答案。 2. 變通理解, 間接轉(zhuǎn)述“圈”答案。高考設(shè)題常對原句細(xì)微處進(jìn)行改動, 選取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造, 因果倒置, 把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納, 綜合事實(shí)“圈”答案。全面捕捉相關(guān)信息, 進(jìn)行綜合分析、歸納, 切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地得出結(jié)論。 上篇文章中的第2題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。審題發(fā)現(xiàn)此題要求尋找______________, 這樣帶著這個問題去原文中“圈點(diǎn)信息”就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)“________”為原因, 由此可以找到答案。 答案: 造成北極熊瀕臨危險的原因 全球變暖