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2019年高考英語 語法集訓過關 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣（含解析） Ⅰ. 單項填空 1. (xx天津模擬)It’s beyond our prehension that Jim, who tops the class in English, 　　　have difficulty translating such a simple sentence. A. shall　　 B. should　 　C. might　　 D. must 2. (xx重慶模擬)According to Nobel’s will, the Peace Prize　　　be awarded to the person who has done the most or the best work for the relationship between nations. A. can B. shall C. may D. need 3. (xx衢州模擬)Facts prove that the world’s economic development is not a win-lose game but one in which all　　　be winners. A. shall B. can C. must D. will 4. (xx紹興模擬)—Have you checked the engine? —Yes, I did twice; there　　　be anything wrong with the car. A. won’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 5. (xx杭州模擬)Try as you　　　, he won’t listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking. A. can B. may C. dare D. will 6. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it　　　be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 7. (xx桂林模擬)—What is a left-luggage office? —It is a place where luggage　　　be left for a certain period of time, especially at a bus or a train station. A. can B. should C. must D. will 8. (xx溫州模擬)If you　　　leave early on weekdays, do it quietly. The other colleagues are also dying to have an early leave. A. can B. must C. should D. may 9. —I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You　　　have lost it while shopping. A. should B. can C. may D. would 10. (xx金華模擬)—I promise Shirley　　　get a new iPad on her birthday. —Will it be a big surprise to her? A. will B. would C. should D. shall 11. —You mustn’t leave your car unlocked while you are away. —No, I　　　. Please don’t worry too much. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. needn’t 12. (xx昆明模擬)—Will Mike go with us for the picnic this weekend? —It depends. He　　　have something to do at home. A. can B. shall C. must D. might 13. —Dad, you are asked on the phone. —Who　　　it be? It’s already 10 p. m. . A. must B. can C. shall D. need 14. (xx玉溪模擬)Had it not been for the haze(霾)weather, there　　　　　fewer car accidents in Beijing then. A. would have been B. were C. may be D. would be 15. Henry would rather that his girlfriend　　　in the same department as he does. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work 16. —Will you accept the job offer? —If I　　　five years younger, I　　　it. A. were; have taken B. has been; would take C. were; would take D. had been; would have taken 17. 　　　you be given a ten-day holiday, what would you like to do? A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Might 18. Without you, I　　　the first prize in the speech contest. Thank you, John. A. can’t win B. won’t win　 C. hadn’t won D. wouldn’t have won　 19. (xx寧波模擬)I was really busy these days, otherwise I　　　to your birthday party last night. A. came B. did e C. should have e D. would have e 20. (xx臺州模擬)―Many thanks for your timely reminder; we would have been late if you　　　us of the time. ―You are wele. I’m glad that I can give you a hand. A. didn’t inform B. shouldn’t inform C. hadn’t informed D. weren’t to inform 21. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests　　　not play rock music after 12: 00 p. m. . A. should B. must C. may D. could 22. (xx濟寧模擬)—I didn’t go to the art show, because I lost my ticket. —You　　　have borrowed mine. I didn’t go to see it anyway. A. might B. need C. could D. must 23. (xx寧德模擬)—Have you ever been to the Olympic Games with your family? —No, but I wish I　　　. A. have B. will C. do D. had 24. (xx溫嶺模擬)It is good to end a day with the feeling that you　　　not change anything even if you lived it again. A. will B. would C. can D. should 25. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I　　　your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed Ⅱ. 完形填空 (xx天津模擬) 　　The family had just moved. The young woman was feeling a little　1　. It was Mother’s Day—and 800 miles separated her from her parents. 　　She had called them that morning, and her mother had　2　how colorful their backyard was　3　spring had arrived. Later, she told her husband how she　4　those lilacs(丁香)in her parents’ yard. “I know where we can find some, ”he said. “Get the　5　and e on. ”So off they went. 　　Some time later, they stopped at a hill and there were lilacs all round. The young woman rushed up to the nearest　6　and buried her face in the flowers. Carefully, she　7　some. Finally, they returned to their car for the　8　home. The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her　9　. 　　When they were near home, she shouted “stop”, got off quickly and　10　to a nearby nursing home. She went to the end of the porch(門廊), where a(n)　11　patient was sitting in her wheelchair, and put the flowers into her lap. The two　12　, bursting into laughter now and then. Later the young woman turned and ran back to her　13　. As the car pulled away, the woman in the wheelchair　14　with a smile, and held the lilacs　15　. “Mom, ”the kids asked, “　16　did you give her our flowers? ”“It is Mother’s Day, and she seems so　17　while I have all of you. And anyone would be　18　by flowers. ” This satisfied the kids, but not the husband. The next day he　19　some young lilacs around their yard. I was the husband. Now, every May, our yard is full of lilacs. Every Mother’s Day our kids　20　purple lilacs. And every year I remember that smile of the lonely old woman. 1. A. moved B. worried C. angry D. depressed 2. A. learned B. imagined C. mentioned D. realized 3. A now that B. so that C. as if D. even if 4. A. missed B. grew C. watered D. showed 5. A. cars B. kids C. clothes D. lilacs 6. A. bush B. hill C. yard D. door 7. A. bought B. picked C. set D. raised 8. A. break B. holiday C. trip D. dinner 9. A. friends B. memory C. flowers D. honor 10. A. responded B. pointed C. drove D. hurried 11. A. loving B. elderly C. serious D. sensitive 12. A. hesitated B. waited C. sat D. chatted 13. A. family B. mother C. path D. home 14. A. nodded B. waved C. left D. continued 15. A. sadly B. politely C. quickly D. tightly 16. A. why B. when C. how D. where 17. A. quiet B. confused C. alone D. patient 18. A. calmed B. persuaded C. disappointed D. cheered 19. A. arranged B. dried C. planted D. hid 20. A. find B. gather C. receive D. sell 【技法導練】多學一點　棋高一著 完形填空——絕對矛盾法 　　絕對矛盾法是從選項著手分析, 若四個選項中有兩個選項是絕對矛盾和對立的, 那么正確選項大多在這兩個對立項之間產生。二者必選其一, 至于究竟是兩者中的哪一個, 則需要進一步根據上下文的語境來判斷。 題　號 矛盾項 正確選項 1 moved(感動的) 7 raised(養(yǎng)) 18 disappointed(失望的)calmed(平靜的) 【語篇隨練】多練一點　技高一籌 根據完形填空譯文補全經典句式 1. The woman sat , by her flowers. 女人微笑地坐著, 被花包圍著。 2. It is Mother’s Day, and she seems so alone . 今天是母親節(jié), 她看起來那么孤獨, 而我卻擁有你們。 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選B。句意: 我們不明白, 吉姆作為班上英語最好的學生竟然在翻譯這么一個簡單的句子上有困難。should表示出乎意料, 意為“竟然”, 符合句意。shall表示命令、許諾等; might可能; must必須, 一定, 非要。 2. 【解析】選B。句意: 根據諾貝爾的遺愿, 和平獎應頒給在國際關系中做得最多或最好的人。shall用在條約、規(guī)章、法令等文件中表示義務或規(guī)定, 意為“應, 必須”。may也許, 可以; can能, 會; need需要, 必要。 3. 【解析】選B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。句意: 事實證明世界經濟的發(fā)展不是一個輸贏的游戲, 而是一場所有人都可能是贏家的游戲。can能, 會, 可能, 符合句意; shall表允許、命令、規(guī)定等; must必須, 一定; will愿意。 4. 【解析】選D。句意: ——你檢查發(fā)動機了嗎? ——是的, 我檢查了兩次, 這輛車不應該有什么問題。shouldn’t不應該, 符合句意; needn’t不必; mustn’t不準, 不許; won’t不愿意。 5. 【解析】選B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的用法。句意: 盡管你盡力了, 他是不會聽吸煙潛在危害的忠告的。在讓步狀語從句中, 常用may/might, 故選B。 6. 【解析】選B。句意: 三月份我家鄉(xiāng)通常很暖和, 但有時也會很冷。can用在肯定句中表示“有時會”的意思。表示理論或事實上的可能性。can表示推測通常用于疑問句或否定句中。 7. 【解析】選A?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的用法。句意: ——什么是行李寄存室? ——它是行李在某一段時間內可以存放的地方, 尤其是在公共汽車站或火車站。此處can表允許、許可, 意為: 可以、準許。should應該; must必須; will將, 會, 根據句意, A最佳。 8. 【解析】選B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。如果你非要在工作日時早早離開, 那就悄悄走。其他同事也渴望早點離開呢。must偏要, 非要, 符合句意; can有時會; should應該; may也許。 【加固訓練】 —May I make a telephone call now? —If you　　　, go to the room next door. A. should B. could C. may D. must 【解析】選D。答句句意: 如果你非要打電話, 請去隔壁。must在本句中的意思是“必須, 偏要”。表示說話人不耐煩、不滿的情緒。A、B、C三項均無此意義。 9. 【解析】選C?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表猜測。句意: ——我哪里都找不到我的錢包。——你也許在購物的時候丟的。may have done對過去的可能性的猜測。can have done多用于疑問句中; would表虛擬; should have done表示本來該做而實際未做。 10. 【解析】選D。句意: ——我答應Shirley生日的時候她會得到一個新的iPad?！菍λ欢ㄊ莻€很大的驚喜吧? shall表示許諾, 符合句意。will表示意愿; would是will的過去式; should應該, 竟然。 11. 【解析】選C。will表示說話者或主語的意愿、決心。句意: ——你不在的時候不能讓你的車不上鎖?！堑? 我不會不鎖的。請不要擔心太多。其余三項均無此用法。 12. 【解析】選D。考查情態(tài)動詞表猜測。根據It depends. 可知說話人的語氣不肯定, 因此用might表示可能性猜測。can用于問句或否定句中; must表示肯定猜測; shall表示許諾。 13. 【解析】選B?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的用法。句意: ——爸爸, 有人打電話找你?！獣钦l呢? 已經晚上十點鐘了。must必須; shall將會; need需要; can表示推測, 用于疑問句和否定句。 14. 【解析】選A?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: 要不是因為霧霾天氣, 那時北京的交通事故會更少。從Had it not been for the haze weather可知是和過去相反的虛擬條件句, 相當于: if it had not been for the haze weather, 所以主句也是和過去相反的虛擬語氣, 用would have done。 15. 【解析】選A。句意: 亨利希望他的女朋友和他在同一個部門工作。would rather后面的從句中的虛擬語氣根據情況有兩種: 對現在或將來, 用過去時; 對過去用過去完成時。根據does可知是現在, 用過去時表虛擬。 16. 【解析】選C?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據語境可知是對現在情況的假設。因此從句用過去時, be動詞用were, 主句用過去將來時would take。 【加固訓練】 If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I　　　invite her to the party. A. can B. should C. would D. might 【解析】選C。句意: 要不是因為她不會唱歌, 我就邀請她參加聚會了。would在這里表示虛擬, 是與現在的事實相反, 與虛擬條件句連用。 17. 【解析】選A?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: 如果給你一個十天的假期, 你愿意做什么? 將來時的虛擬語氣, 省略if時, 把should提到主語前, 構成倒裝。 18. 【解析】選D?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: 如果沒有你, 我在英語演講比賽中就得不了一等獎。謝謝你, 約翰。根據句意可知, 這是對過去情況的假設, 主句應使用would have done形式。 【拓展延伸】含蓄式虛擬條件句 含蓄式虛擬條件句是非真實條件句的特殊表現形式, 其特點是不使用if引導的條件狀語從句明確表示條件, 而用含蓄的方式表達。 常見的有介詞(短語)without. . . /but for. . . 等、分詞短語、不定式短語及but, or, otherwise等表示轉折的詞。 ①Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. 如果沒有你的幫助, 我就不能按時完成這項工作。(介詞短語Without your help=If you had not helped me) ②Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果多給點時間, 她一定會做得好得多。 (分詞短語Given more time=If she had been given more time) ③I was busy that day. Otherwise, I would have e to see you. 我那天很忙, 要不然我就去看你了。 (單個詞Otherwise=If I had not been busy that day) ④I would have e to see you that day. Unfortunately, it was raining so hard. 我本來打算在那天來看你的, 不巧的是那天下大雨。 由下句可知, 我沒有來看你, 用would have e表示對過去的假設。 19. 【解析】選D。考查虛擬語氣。句意: 這些日子我真的很忙, 不然我就參加你昨晚的生日聚會了。聚會是昨晚的事情, 因此用would have e表示對過去的假設。should have e本來該來而沒來, 含有責備的意味。 【加固訓練】 John did not feel well yesterday; 　　　he would have e to see his classmates off. A. otherwise B. therefore C. anyhow D. unfortunately 【解析】選A。句意: 約翰昨天不舒服, 否則, 他會來給他的同學們送行的。根據would have e可知是虛擬語氣, 只有otherwise(不然, 否則)相當于虛擬條件句。 20. 【解析】選C?？疾樘摂M語氣。上句句意: 非常感謝你的及時提醒, 如果你沒有通知我們時間, 我們就遲到了。主句用的是would have done可知是對過去情況的假設, 因此從句應用過去完成時。 21. 【解析】選A?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: 賓館的經理要求客人在午夜十二點后不能播放搖滾樂。request后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣, 即should+動詞原形, should可以省略。 22. 【解析】選C?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: ——我沒去參觀藝術展, 因為我的票丟了?！憧梢越栉业难? 反正我又沒去。根據句意, 事情發(fā)生在過去, 表示對過去情況的虛擬, 主句用could have done形式, 故選C。 23. 【解析】選D?？疾樘摂M語氣。wish后賓語從句的虛擬語氣, 過去的與事實相反的愿望用過去完成時, 現在的與事實相反的愿望用過去時, 對將來的愿望用would/should/could/might +動詞原形。根據語境可知是過去的事情, 因此用had。 【加固訓練】 —How cold it is outside today! —Yes. How I wish it　　　spring all the year round! A. will be B. were C. be D. is 【解析】選B?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意: ——今天外面真冷! ——是啊。我多么希望一年到頭都是春天啊! wish后的賓語從句是對現在的與事實相反的愿望, 因此用過去時, be動詞用were。 24.【解析】選B。句意: 即使這一天你再過一次, 你也不會改變任何事情, 帶著這種感覺結束一天真好。even if從句中用的是過去時, 表示對現在的虛擬, 因此主句用would not do。 25. 【解析】選C。考查虛擬語氣。句意: 看看我現在的糟糕處境! 要是我聽從你的建議就好了。第一句話表示的是現在真實的情況, 而第二句話中所要表達的是應該做但事實上沒有做的事, 這種情況導致第一句話中真實情況的發(fā)生, 故If only條件句假設的是過去的一種情況, 因此應該用had +過去分詞, 所以正確答案是C。 Ⅱ. 【文章大意】母親節(jié)的時候, 剛搬新家的妻子因思念遠方的母親而黯然神傷。她想念母親家里的紫色丁香花。 1.【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。母親節(jié)到了, 不能和母親團聚, 當然會心情不好(depressed沮喪的)。moved感動的; worried擔憂的; angry生氣的。只有D項符合妻子的心情。 2. 【解析】選C。詞語辨析題。母親電話里提到院子里的五彩繽紛。mention提到; learn了解到; imagine想象到; realize認識到。只有C項符合上下文。 3. 【解析】選A。句式結構題。因為春天來了, 所以院子里才五彩繽紛。前后是因果關系, now that既然, 因為; so that以便; 結果是; as if好像; even if即使, 盡管。 4. 【解析】選A。詞語辨析題。根據下文丈夫帶著她看丁香花可知, 她想念母親院子里的丁香花。 5.【解析】選B。詞匯復現題。由下文“Mom, ”the kids asked可知, 他們和孩子們一塊去的。 6.【解析】選A。詞語辨析題?；ㄊ前础按亍眮碚f的, 妻子跑向最近的一簇花, 把臉埋在花叢中。bush表示“一簇花”, 符合語境。 7.【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。根據下文她把花送給一位孤獨的老人可知, 她采摘(pick)了一些花。 8.【解析】選C。邏輯推理題?；氐杰嚿? 當然是回家的旅程(trip)了。 9. 【解析】選C。詞匯復現題。上下文都提到了花, 以及下文的送花, 因此女人被花包圍著。 10. 【解析】選D。詞匯復現題。和quickly意義相同, hurry to匆忙走向。 11. 【解析】選B。詞匯復現題。由文章最后the lonely old woman可知, 坐在輪椅上的人是一位老年人(elderly)。 12.【解析】選D。背景常識題。根據后面的bursting into laughter now and then(不時地發(fā)出笑聲)可知, 兩個人在閑聊。 13.【解析】選A。背景常識題。女人送完花, 和老人閑聊了一會, 然后回到車上——她的家人那里。 14.【解析】選B。背景常識題。送花的人走了, 接受花的人當然要揮手告別(wave)。 15.【解析】選D。詞義辨析題。臉上的笑容說明老人不悲傷。hold tightly緊握著。 16.【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。根據母親的回答, 可推出孩子們在問“為什么”要把自己的花送給別人。 17. 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。根據后面的all of you可知, “我擁有你們, 而她只有一個人”。 18. 【解析】選D。詞匯復現題。和上文的smile(微笑)意思相近的只有cheer(高興)。 19. 【解析】選C。詞語辨析題。丈夫在自家院子周圍種上了丁香花。 20.【解析】選B。詞語辨析題。每年五月, 院子里滿是丁香花, 每年母親節(jié), 孩子們都采集丁香花。 【技法導練】 題　號 矛盾項 正確選項 1 moved(感動的) depressed(沮喪的) 7 raised(養(yǎng)) picked(摘) 18 disappointed(失望的)calmed(平靜的) cheered(高興的) 【語篇隨練】 1. smiling；surrounded 2. while I have all of you