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2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法對點(diǎn)講練 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 新人教版 Ⅰ.語法知識 1．(xx天津卷)No one ________ be more generous; he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need 答案與解析　A　句意：沒有人能比他再慷慨大方的啦！他是個心地善良的人。由句意知A項正確。 2．(xx遼寧卷)Harry is feeling unfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 答案與解析　D　句意：現(xiàn)在亨利感到不舒服，在昨晚的聚會上他一定喝多了。由句意知此處應(yīng)是對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測。must have done常表對過去的肯定推測“過去一定干過某事”； cant/couldnt常用于否定推測；選項B、C顯然不合句意。故選項D正確。 3．(xx陜西卷)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 答案與解析　A　句意：媽媽建議本周末我們應(yīng)該換口味出去吃。suggest作“建議”后跟賓語從句時，從句用虛擬語氣should do sth. (should可省略)表示“應(yīng)該做某事”。故A項正確。 4． (xx江西卷)When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need 答案與解析　B　句意：當(dāng)我還是小孩子時，什么時候想看電視就可以看。could“可以”，符合句意。 5．(xx江蘇卷)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 答案與解析　C　句意；如果我知道你是認(rèn)真的，我就本不應(yīng)該笑。根據(jù)句意可知，本句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以從句應(yīng)用過去完成時。 Ⅱ.單句語法填空 6．I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence ________ have failed such an easy test. 答案與解析　should　should可以用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示說話人的驚奇、憤怒、失望、不滿等情緒。此處意為“竟然”，其他三項無此用法。 7．You ________ get the machine repaired this week. I wont need it until next month. 答案與解析　neednt　根據(jù)題干第二句“I wont need it until next month”可知“本周沒必要把機(jī)器修理好”，使用neednt表示“沒必要”。 8．— We need a man full of wisdom to take charge of the project. — ________ the young man graduating from Harvard have a try? 答案與解析　Shall　shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示征求對方意見。 9．John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________ (e) tomorrow than today. 答案與解析　came　在would rather句式中，與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，從句謂語動詞用過去時；與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過去完成時。由tomorrow than today可知是與將來事實相反，用過去時。 10．Without your selfless help, I ________ (make) such great progress. 答案與解析　couldnt have made　without短語表示含蓄條件時，句子的謂語使用虛擬語氣。指過去用couldnt have made。 Ⅲ.語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Sarah: How are you recently, Jane? Jane: Not very well. I have been gaining weight. It is too much for my __11__ (high). The doctor asked me to watch what I eat, but I cant help __12__ (eat) sweets whenever they are in my presence. I __13__ (follow) my doctors advice. Sarah: __14__ is believed by many people that overweight results __15__ overeating. You need to work out. Why dont you attend an aerobic class? Perhaps it can __16__ (less) your anxiety. Jane: Can I certainly lose weight after attending that class? Sarah: Yes, I think so. You can __17__ work the fat off your body but also keep your body fit. So you can kill two birds with one stone. Jane: You mean I dont need to diet? Sarah: __18__ I mean is that you need to go on __19__ diet while you are working out. To lose weight, bining exercise with dieting may be the __20__ (effective) way Ive ever known. Jane: Thank you for your advice. I think Id better try that class. 答案與解析　 11．height　我的體重對于我的身高(height)而言太重了。 12．eating　cant help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”，所以填eating。 13．should have followed　本句表示“我本應(yīng)該聽醫(yī)生的建議的”，所以填should have followed表后悔。 14．It　it is believed that ...“人們認(rèn)為……”，其中it為形式主語。 15．from　result from“由……導(dǎo)致”。 16．lessen　參加健身班能減少焦慮，故填less的動詞lessen“減少”。 17．not only　not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。 18．What　what引導(dǎo)主語從句且在從句中作主語。 19．a(chǎn)　go on a diet“節(jié)食”。 20．most effective　根據(jù)句意“鍛煉結(jié)合節(jié)食是我所知道的最有效的減肥方法”可知該空填effective的最高級形式most effective。 Ⅳ.完形填空 (xx西安一中) It was a perfect day, just the right kind of day to go fishing. My 13yearold son Jonathan and I had been __21__ this trip for weeks, and now we were sitting on the shore of a beautiful lake. We __22__ and talked, and then, suddenly, I saw small __23__ where my float (浮子) had been. I waited, __24__ it would pop right back up again, but the __25__ stayed underneath the water and my heart started to beat __26__. After a few more seconds, my fishing rod was suddenly pulled off the stick it was leaning on __27__ me and it was being dragged towards the water. I firmly caught hold of the fishing rod and lifted it up. This fish was __28__！ Slowly, my son balanced on two rocks and leaned down to get the giant off the fishhook. For just one second, he lost his __29__ and reached up with his right hand to steady __30__. At that moment, our huge fish got off the fishing line and started to swim __31__. I saw tears streaming down Jonathans face. “Dad, Im sorry. Ill never be able to __32__ this up to you.” I reached out and put my hands on his shoulders. I said the following __33__ almost without thinking. “Jon, how did you feel __34__ I was reeling (收卷釣線) that fish in? Were you excited？” He nodded and said, “Dad, Ive never been so __35__ in my whole life！” I replied, “Jon, wasnt that about the most fun thing weve ever done together？” He nodded his head in __36__. Then I said, “So, why should we let a fish getting away __37__ possibly the best experience weve ever had? Lets be happy about the fun we did have.” My son, __38__ his arms around me and said, “Dad, I love you so much！” I __39__ him back and said softly into his ear, “I love you too, Jon.” We __40__ did catch that big fish. But Ive known ever since that I didnt let the most important thing get away that day. 21．A. promoting B. setting C. appreciating D. planning 22．A. ran B. fished C. lay D. listened 23．A. holes B. objects C. birds D. waves 24．A. thinking B. watching C. pointing D. discovering 25．A. pole B. float C. stick D. fishhook 26．A. regularly B. quietly C. curiously D. heavily 27．A. behind B. on top of C. in front of D. against 28．A. huge B. white C. alive D. beautiful 29．A. balance B. temper C. health D. bucket 30．A. him B. it C. itself D. himself 31．A. up B. beyond C. along D. away 32．A. pick B. make C. build D. speed 33．A. ments B. apologies C. songs D. words 34．A. although B. while C. unless D. since 35．A. reliable B. excited C. forgetful D. puzzled 36．A. agreement B. surprise C. guilt D. happiness 37．A. bring B. ruin C. shake D. mend 38．A. folding B. getting C. showing D. throwing 39．A. held B. followed C. hugged D. formed 40．A. really B. never C. once D. merely 答案與解析　 21．D　plan“計劃”，符合句意。promote“促進(jìn)”； set“放置”； appreciate“欣賞”。 22．B　根據(jù)上文可知父子倆人邊“釣魚”邊聊天。 23．D　根據(jù)常識可知，魚咬鉤時形成“波紋”。 24．A　一邊等，一邊“想”。 25．B　“但是浮子在水下待著，我的心開始猛烈地跳動起來?！备鶕?jù)23空后信息提示。 26．D　heavily“劇烈地；猛烈地”，符合文意。regularly“有規(guī)律地；定期地”； quietly“平靜地”； curiously“好奇地”。 27．C　根據(jù)常識可知，釣魚竿是在作者“前面”。 28．A　根據(jù)下句中的“the giant”可知這條魚很“大”。 29．A　lose balance“失去平衡”。 30．D　僅僅一秒鐘，他就失去了平衡，他舉起右手來保持穩(wěn)定。to steady himself“穩(wěn)定他自己”。 31．D　由“got off the fishing line”可知，魚擺脫魚竿，游走了。 32．B　make up“彌補(bǔ)”，符合文意。pick up“撿起”； build up“增強(qiáng)；樹立”； speed up“加速”。 33．D　根據(jù)引號中內(nèi)容可知選D項。 34．B　while“當(dāng)……時候”。 35．B　根據(jù)“Were you excited？”和“He nodded”可知。 36．A　in agreement“表示同意”，符合上下文意。in surprise“驚奇地”； in guilt“內(nèi)疚地”； in happiness“幸福地”。 37．B　ruin“毀壞”，符合句意。 38．D　throw ones arms around sb.“擁抱某人”。 39．C　hug“擁抱”，符合上下文意。 40．B　“我們永遠(yuǎn)也逮不著那條魚了?！惫蔬xB項。 Ⅴ.閱讀理解 Police investigating Greeces worst murder case in recent years have said they believe a lone gunman killed the five hunters shot dead in Kalyvia, northwest Athens. The five victims, all from the same family, were each shot twice, once from a distance then by a second shot from close range. The bodies were found on Saturday after one of the hunters raised the alarm by calling his father from a mobile phone but was cut off. The father then searched the local woodland and found the victims, two brothers and three male cousins with their shotguns at their side. A police team at the scene said cartridges (彈殼) found were all from the same gun, indicating a single gunman. It appeared the hunters had managed to return fire. Police believe they may have wounded their killer as a blood sample was found that did not match any of the victims. The murders have shocked the rural farming munity and locals have rejected suggestions that the killings were out of revenge. Authorities are said to be examining the weapons of local hunters, farmers and shepherds. They are also checking hospitals in the area for anyone admitted with gunshot wounds. One relative, Fanis Vlachos, told AFP news agency, “We are almost certain that the boys saw something important, something illegal, and that is why the murderer silenced them forever.” The killings are unusual in Greece which has low levels of violent crime in Europe. 41．________ led to the discovery of the murders. A. The fathers search the woods B. The missing of the five people C. The gunshots from the woods D. A telephone call made by the son 答案與解析　D　根據(jù)第二段中的“The bodies were found on Saturday after one of the hunters raised the alarm by calling his father from a mobile phone but was cut off .” 可知。 42．The victims ________ before they were shot dead. A. fired back at the gunman B. called the police for help C. fired away all their shots D. wounded the gunman in the leg 答案與解析　A　根據(jù)第三段中的“It appeared the hunters had managed to return fire. Police believe they may have wounded their killer as a blood sample was found that did not match any of the victims .” 可知。 43．The police suspected that the killer ________. A. was hidden in the woods B. was among the local hospital staff C. was one of the local weapon holders D. had escaped out of Greece 答案與解析　C　根據(jù)第四段中的“Authorities are said to be examining the weapons of local hunters, farmers and shepherds.”可推測出。